蔣建平

感知 素養(yǎng)解讀

體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂成了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ睿酥琳?、?jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中不可或缺的一部分。2020年的高考試卷關(guān)注體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，倡導(dǎo)健康運(yùn)動(dòng)理念。

課標(biāo)中“娛樂與運(yùn)動(dòng)”主題涉及的主要內(nèi)容有：（1）Movies and theater;（2）Music and dance（folk music and dance， popular music and classical music）;（3）Team games（football， basketball， volleyball， etc.）;（4）Games of two or four（table tennis， tennis， golf， etc.）;（5）Racing（running， swimming， horse racing， etc.）;（6）International sports events（Olympic Games， World Cup， Football League， etc.）;（7）Spectators and fans;（8）Physical exercises。

“娛樂與運(yùn)動(dòng)”主題書面表達(dá)體裁較為靈活，一般為記敘文、說明文、議論文、通知、演講稿等。常用的時(shí)態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)等。

關(guān)于“娛樂與運(yùn)動(dòng)”主題的寫作常有以下幾個(gè)命題角度：

1. 介紹某種娛樂與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目或影視

節(jié)目;

2. 寫信申請(qǐng)要成為2022年北京冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者;

3. 假如你是志愿者，請(qǐng)向外國(guó)人介紹2022年北京冬奧會(huì)的吉祥物和會(huì)徽;

4. 介紹乒乓球（table tennis）或體操（gymnastics）的起源、競(jìng)賽方式、項(xiàng)目、比賽規(guī)則等;

5. 介紹中國(guó)的民族樂器二胡的起源、發(fā)展歷史、材質(zhì)等;

6. 請(qǐng)就“音樂對(duì)青少年的成長(zhǎng)的影響”發(fā)表看法;

7. 請(qǐng)就“明星的志愿行為”發(fā)表看法。

探究 語庫構(gòu)建

語境串記

Focus on the Olympic spirit of participation

Everybody loves a winner. Across the world， countries greet their Olympic gold medalists with joy and acclaim. In Singapore， Joseph Schooling， the city?states first ever gold medalist， has become a national hero and 1.____________（greet） with a standing ovation in parliament. In the US， the extraordinary gymnast， Simone Biles， 2.____________ has won four gold medals in Rio， has become the face of the Games. Meanwhile， the British were astonished and delighted to find Team GB， 3.____________ （head） into the last weekend of the Olympics， in second place in the medal table.

Yet amid all this 4.____________（celebrate） of triumph and victory， it is important to remember the words of Pierre de Coubertin， the 5.____________（found） of the modern Olympics， who said， “The most

important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning 6. ____________taking part.”

The truth is that any athlete who has made it to the Olympics—let alone 7.____________ Olympic final—has achieved something remarkable. Simply to be 8.____________（qualify） for the Games requires enormous levels of dedication and effort. That， in turn， makes it even 9.____________（hard） to accept defeat with good grace. Those athletes who remain true to the spirit of Coubertin， despite all these 10.____________（pressure）， are just as inspirational as the winners of gold medals.

聚焦“重在參與”的奧運(yùn)精神

人人都愛勝利者。世界各地的國(guó)家都以喜悅和歡呼聲迎接他們的奧運(yùn)冠軍。在新加坡，這個(gè)城邦有史以來第一位奧運(yùn)金牌得主約瑟林成了民族英雄，在議會(huì)受到了集體起立鼓掌歡迎。在美國(guó)，這個(gè)出類拔萃的體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員——里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)4塊金牌得主西蒙·拜爾斯，成了奧運(yùn)會(huì)的象征。與此同時(shí)，英國(guó)人驚訝、欣喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)，到了奧運(yùn)會(huì)的最后一個(gè)周末，英國(guó)代表隊(duì)在奧運(yùn)金牌榜上竟然排名第二。

不過，在慶祝成功與勝利之際，重要的是記住現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)創(chuàng)始人皮埃爾·德·顧拜旦曾經(jīng)說的話：“奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)最重要的不是取勝，而是參與?！?/p>

事實(shí)上，任何一個(gè)參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員——更不用說進(jìn)入奧運(yùn)會(huì)決賽的運(yùn)動(dòng)員——都已經(jīng)取得了令人矚目的成績(jī)。單單取得奧運(yùn)會(huì)參賽資格，便需要巨大的投入和努力。因此，以良好的風(fēng)度接受失敗更顯難能可貴。那些在壓力之下仍然堅(jiān)持顧拜旦精神的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，和金牌得主一樣鼓舞人心。

素材積累

一、閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

【核心單詞】

1. conduct v. 指揮;引導(dǎo);帶領(lǐng)

conductor n. 指揮

2. admit v. 承認(rèn);準(zhǔn)許（入場(chǎng)、入學(xué)、入會(huì)）

admission n. 準(zhǔn)許加入

3. perform v. 表演

performance n. 演出;表演

performer n. 演員;表演者

4. direct v. 導(dǎo)演;指揮

director n. 導(dǎo)演;指揮者

5. act v. 扮演 n. （戲劇的）一幕

actor n. 男演員

actress n. 女演員

6. compete v. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng);參加比賽

competitor n. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者;對(duì)手

competition n. 比賽;競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

7. amused adj. 逗樂的

amusing adj. 有樂趣的;逗人笑的

8. entertain v. 招待;使快樂;使感興趣

entertaining adj. 有趣的;使人愉快的

entertainment n. 娛樂

9. stage 舞臺(tái);戲劇

10. interval 幕間休息

11. audience 聽眾;觀眾

12. interpret 演繹

13. concert 音樂會(huì)

14. live 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的

15. pretend 裝扮

16. character 角色;性格;特征

17. clap 鼓掌

【高頻短語】

1. stand for 代表

2. put on 上演

3. give up 放棄

4. burst into 突然爆發(fā)

5. take the lead 領(lǐng)先;一馬當(dāng)先

6. hold ones breath 屏住呼吸

7. build up ones body 增強(qiáng)某人的體質(zhì)

【主題整合】

音樂類型

1. rap 說唱音樂

2. blues 布魯斯音樂

3. rock 搖滾音樂

4. folk 民間音樂

5. jazz 爵士樂

6. country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂

7. popular/pop 通俗的;流行的（音樂）

8. classical 古典的（音樂）

9. symphony 交響樂;交響曲

10. opera 歌劇

影視類型

1. documentary 紀(jì)錄片

2. action movie 動(dòng)作片

3. cartoon 卡通片;動(dòng)畫片

4. comedy 喜劇

5. tragedy 悲劇

6. horror 恐怖片

7. thriller 驚險(xiǎn)電影

8. detective film 偵探電影

運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目

1. marathon 馬拉松

2. boxing 拳擊

3. rugby 橄欖球

4. badminton 羽毛球

5. baseball 棒球

6. wrestling 摔跤

7. skiing 滑雪

8. skating 滑冰

9. shooting 射擊

10. diving 跳水

11. gymnastics 體操

體育比賽

1. judge 裁判

2. referee 裁判員

3. athlete 運(yùn)動(dòng)員

4. race 競(jìng)爭(zhēng);賽跑

5. tournament 錦標(biāo)賽

6. league 聯(lián)賽;聯(lián)盟

7. defend 防守

8. victory 勝利

9. defeat/beat 擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝

10. prize 獎(jiǎng)品;獎(jiǎng)金

11. medal 獎(jiǎng)牌;獎(jiǎng)?wù)?/p>

12. cheer 歡呼;喝彩

13. break the record 打破紀(jì)錄

14. end in a tie 不分勝負(fù);打成平局

二、寫作詞匯運(yùn)用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語提示或用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1. Researchers acknowledge that certain ty?pes of music can aid________________________? （relax） by lowering heart rates and blood pressure.

2.________________________? （除了） improving crea?tivity， learning music cultivates many skills that will continue to be useful to your children throughout their lives.

3. Learning a musical instrument will help your children develop concentration， patience and perseverance， which will help them later in life________________________ （面對(duì)困難與挑戰(zhàn)）.

4. The________________________ （encourage） of a teacher and the enthusiasm of parents will certainly build up a childs sense of pride and confidence.

5. There are many benefits of taking physical exercise. Firstly， physical exercise can help to protect us from disease and________________________ （增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)）. Secondly， it can also make us relaxed and happy.

6. Enjoying artistic gymnastics requires si?lence and mobile phones are not allowed in shooting centers， because the noises you make will certainly________________________ （分散運(yùn)動(dòng)員注意力）， which will cause them to fail in the game.

7. Recently our school held a basketball game between teachers and students to improve the relationship between us. It________________________

（結(jié)果證明） to be an unforgettable experience.

8. As an athlete， if I were________________________

（annoy） by the audiences， I would be unhappy and upset.

9. I might even play badly and finally lost the game. Besides， I would ________________________（投訴） to the referee about the noises.

10. Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years and the coaching team is also very

________________________ （專業(yè)的）.

三、核心句型表達(dá)（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1. 我因?yàn)轶@訝于他們嫻熟的球技，所以下定決心要變得和他們一樣厲害。

譯法一：（含原因狀語從句）

________________________________________________________________________

譯法二：（過去分詞作原因狀語）

________________________________________________________________________

2. 他們不僅違反了觀眾行為準(zhǔn)則，而且他們的不良行為也會(huì)導(dǎo)致運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中失敗。

譯法一：（用not only...but also句型）

________________________________________________________________________

譯法二：（倒裝句）

________________________________________________________________________

3. 我已成功入選第十四屆全運(yùn)會(huì)志愿者，這次全運(yùn)會(huì)計(jì)劃在八月底舉辦。

譯法一：（并列句）

________________________________________________________________________

譯法二：（含非限制性定語從句）

________________________________________________________________________

4. 毋庸置疑，早睡早起對(duì)我們的健康很有益處。

譯法一：（用It goes without saying that...句型）

________________________________________________________________________

譯法二：（用There is no doubt that...句型）

________________________________________________________________________

實(shí)踐 主題測(cè)評(píng)

知識(shí)維度診斷評(píng)價(jià)

Ⅰ. 單句填空

1. The picture shows that five rings ________________________（link） together to represent the sporting friendship of all people.

2. The flame of the Olympic Games________________________ （symbol） the continuity between the ancient and modern games.

3. The Olympic Games are an international sports festival________________________ （hold） every four years.

4. Hes going to talk about________________________ is the right person you can find to produce your music.

5. Her joy in winning a bronze medal demonstrated that there are ways to win worldwide respect that do not________________________ （necessary） involve winning a gold.

6. That demonstration of how to cope with________________________ （disappoint） was an example not just to other athletes， but to all those who strive to achieve a goal， in any field， and fall just short.

7. Tokyo 2020 organizers released a new Olympic logo________________________ （feature） traditional Japanese designs on Monday， seven months after they were forced to drop the original one over accusations of copying.

8.________________________? （compose） of three varieties of rectangular shapes， the design represents different countries， cultures and ways of thinking.

9. This is a good chance for anyone________________________ wants to learn how to do comedy.

10. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best?selling CD， with James Pickering

________________________ the piano.

Ⅱ. 單句改錯(cuò)

1. Were bringing you a exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.

________________________

2. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy， and practices many different ways of make people laugh.________________________

3. Students interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact with the Athletic Coordinator at their respective （各自的） campuses.________________________

4. This camp， that will open in the Summer Palace on July 20th， offers us teenagers a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.________________________

5. Students in this position will be keeping lively statistics during basketball games.

Ⅲ. 情境寫作

以“以德樹人， 文化圓夢(mèng)”為主題的第十四屆校園藝術(shù)節(jié)晚會(huì)于今日閉幕。請(qǐng)給你校的校報(bào)Campus Today寫一篇短文，報(bào)道晚會(huì)的情況。短文的要點(diǎn)如下：

1. 晚會(huì)概況;

2. 節(jié)目簡(jiǎn)介;

3. 對(duì)演出的評(píng)價(jià)。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右;

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：以德樹人，文化圓夢(mèng) virtuous campus， cultural dreams

（主題語境十三：素養(yǎng)維度發(fā)展評(píng)價(jià)，見第51～52頁）