黃利霞

近年來，隨著中國(guó)消費(fèi)者對(duì)榴蓮品質(zhì)追求的提升，被稱為馬來西亞榴蓮界“愛馬仕”的貓山王榴蓮，逐漸在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)嶄露頭角。貓山王榴蓮口感綿長(zhǎng)順滑、溫潤(rùn)厚實(shí)，“吃一個(gè)正宗的馬來西亞貓山王榴蓮”，位列許多榴蓮愛好者的愿望清單。

在2020年10月舉行的中國(guó)—馬來西亞（廣西）線上榴蓮節(jié)上，馬來西亞貓山王受到了中國(guó)消費(fèi)者“瘋搶”，開幕首日不到一個(gè)小時(shí)，直播就售出了34.56萬個(gè)榴蓮，交易額達(dá)7000多萬元人民幣。而這一特色水果背后的巨大產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展空間也受到了更多人的關(guān)注。

潛力無限的馬來西亞榴蓮市場(chǎng)

早在2011年，馬來西亞就獲準(zhǔn)出口冷凍榴蓮加工品、冷凍果泥及果肉到中國(guó)。2017年第14屆中國(guó)—東盟博覽會(huì)期間，馬來西亞首次在廣西南寧舉辦以榴蓮為主題的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品推介活動(dòng)——馬來西亞榴蓮節(jié)，30多家馬來西亞企業(yè)參與活動(dòng)，共推廣了200多種水果副產(chǎn)品。2018年8月，中馬兩國(guó)簽署議定書，符合相關(guān)檢驗(yàn)檢疫要求的馬來西亞冷凍整顆帶殼榴蓮獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。

由于貓山王榴蓮要遵循“瓜熟蒂落”的自然規(guī)律，樹上采摘或者開殼的“貓山王”是不宜食用的，所以在中國(guó)很難吃到新鮮的貓山王榴蓮。在中國(guó)能吃到的只有冷凍貓山王榴蓮及其制品，這一特性給貓山王榴蓮初級(jí)加工品以及精加工產(chǎn)品，留下了較大的施展空間。

2019年6月，第一批馬來西亞貓山王榴蓮從吉隆坡通過空運(yùn)抵達(dá)中國(guó)，并率先在上海和杭州兩地上架。這是繼2019年5月底，中國(guó)海關(guān)總署正式發(fā)文批準(zhǔn)馬來西亞整凍榴蓮進(jìn)入中國(guó)市場(chǎng)后，最早進(jìn)入中國(guó)的一批貓山王榴蓮，該批榴蓮共5.54噸，價(jià)值約23.8萬元。同年，中國(guó)的榴蓮進(jìn)口額同比增長(zhǎng)47%，取代櫻桃成為中國(guó)進(jìn)口價(jià)值最高的水果。

馬來西亞農(nóng)業(yè)部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，冷凍帶殼榴蓮成功出口到中國(guó)，是大突破，將帶動(dòng)馬來西亞榴蓮產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。馬來西亞榴蓮種植業(yè)不能只停留在初級(jí)產(chǎn)品出口層面，應(yīng)發(fā)展下游產(chǎn)業(yè)，生產(chǎn)榴蓮雪糕、榴蓮薄餅、榴蓮月餅、榴蓮餅干、榴蓮干等產(chǎn)品，創(chuàng)造出如榴蓮辣椒醬、榴蓮肉骨茶等新產(chǎn)品?！爸旭R兩國(guó)在農(nóng)業(yè)方面有著廣闊的合作前景，借助跨境電商平臺(tái)帶來的便利性，貓山王榴蓮得以快速來到中國(guó)消費(fèi)者面前?！边@一負(fù)責(zé)人說。

2020年上半年，盡管中馬雙邊貿(mào)易受到新冠肺炎疫情影響有所下滑，但中國(guó)市場(chǎng)對(duì)榴蓮的需求不減反增。據(jù)中國(guó)海關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，這一時(shí)期中國(guó)進(jìn)口新鮮和冷凍榴蓮共計(jì)16.2億美元，同比增長(zhǎng)73.5%，幾乎達(dá)到2019年全年進(jìn)口額18.2億美元的水平。其中，中國(guó)進(jìn)口冷凍馬來西亞榴蓮共計(jì)4037萬美元，同比增長(zhǎng)128.4%。

打造榴蓮產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)圈，深化中馬經(jīng)貿(mào)合作

中國(guó)已經(jīng)連續(xù)11年保持馬來西亞第一大貿(mào)易伙伴國(guó)地位，馬來西亞也是中國(guó)的重要貿(mào)易伙伴和進(jìn)口來源國(guó)。近年來，中國(guó)積極進(jìn)口馬來西亞棕櫚油、燕窩、榴蓮等產(chǎn)品，向馬來西亞出口優(yōu)質(zhì)商品，使雙邊貿(mào)易切實(shí)惠及兩國(guó)廣大民眾。與此同時(shí)，中馬雙向投資提質(zhì)增效，中馬“兩國(guó)雙園”、數(shù)字自貿(mào)區(qū)等大項(xiàng)目穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。

作為中馬兩國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的重要推動(dòng)者，中國(guó)（廣西）自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)欽州港片區(qū)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱欽州港片區(qū)）一直致力于為中馬雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作搭建橋梁。2020年以來，欽州港片區(qū)把握建設(shè)自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)和國(guó)際陸海貿(mào)易新通道的新契機(jī)，加強(qiáng)與東盟國(guó)家的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，2020年1～9月，榴蓮進(jìn)口已超過8500噸;10月，欽州港片區(qū)舉辦首個(gè)以馬來西亞貓山王榴蓮為主題的東盟農(nóng)產(chǎn)品專題推介活動(dòng)，有力推動(dòng)了廣西與馬來西亞在水果等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域的交流合作。

廣西中馬欽州產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)開發(fā)有限公司副董事長(zhǎng)馬漢坤看好馬來西亞榴蓮在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展，他表示，馬來西亞榴蓮出口中國(guó)將在未來幾年內(nèi)呈倍數(shù)增長(zhǎng)，隨著原粒帶殼榴蓮獲批出口中國(guó)，馬來西亞榴蓮產(chǎn)業(yè)在過去一年內(nèi)飛速發(fā)展，整條產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈迅速成型。下一步，該公司將探討在中馬欽州產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)建設(shè)馬來西亞榴蓮一條街，謀劃布局馬來西亞榴蓮拍賣中心、物流中心、采購(gòu)與供應(yīng)商服務(wù)中心、電商服務(wù)中心以及生態(tài)展示中心全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的可能。

欽州港片區(qū)將繼續(xù)以榴蓮產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展為重要抓手，優(yōu)化通關(guān)服務(wù)，加大宣傳推廣力度，完善供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)節(jié)，打造一個(gè)良好的榴蓮產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)圈，讓中國(guó)廣闊的市場(chǎng)和馬來西亞特色產(chǎn)品無縫對(duì)接，撬動(dòng)中馬兩國(guó)在更廣領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作。

In recent years， with Chinese consumers increasing pursuit of the durian quality， the Musang King durian， known as the “Hermès” in durian in Malaysia， has gradually distinguished itself in the Chinese market. Musang King durian has a tender， moist and thick flavor which will linger on the mouth for a long time， thus having a taste of the authentic Musang King durian from Malaysia is a dream of many durian fans.

During the China-Malaysia （Guangxi） Online Durian Festival launched in October 2020， Malaysian Musang King durians were snapped up by Chinese customers. In less than one hour after the launch ceremony， over 345，600 durians were sold through the live stream， with a transaction volume of more than RMB 70 million yuan. In the meantime， the broad outlook of its industrial development got more attention.

Malaysian durian market with dynamic potential

As early as 2011， Malaysia was allowed to export processed frozen durian products， frozen durian puree and durian pulp to China. At the time of the 14th China-ASEAN Expo in 2017， Malaysias first durian-themed agricultural product promotion， Malaysia Durian Festival was held in Nanning， Guangxi. More than 30 Malaysian enterprises participated in the event and over 200 fruit byproducts got promoted. In August 2018， China and Malaysia signed a protocol， which allowed Malaysian unshelled frozen durians that meet relevant inspection and quarantine requirements to enter the Chinese market.

The Musang King durian is edible only if it falls from the stalk with full ripeness rather than being picked or shelled， so it is difficult to have a fresh Musang King durian in China. Only frozen Musang King durian or processed products are available in China， which left a great development space for the primary processed and refined products of Musang King durian.

In June 2019， the first batch of Malaysian Musang King durian arrived in China by air from Kuala Lumpur， and was the first to be put on shelves in Shanghai and Hangzhou. With 5.54 tons in weighs and RMB 238，000 yuan in value， it was the first time that Musang King durian was imported into China since the General Administration of Customs of China （GACC） officially issued a document to approve Malaysian frozen durian to enter the Chinese market at the end of May， 2019. In the same year， Chinas durian imports increased by 47% year-on-year， replacing cherry as Chinas most valuable fruit by import value.

A person from Malaysias Ministry of Agriculture indicated that the successful export of frozen in-shell durian to China is a breakthrough and will drive the development of the Malaysian durian industry. The durian farming industry in Malaysia should not just stop at exporting primary durian products. It should develop downstream industries to produce durian ice cream， durian crepes， durian moon cakes， durian biscuits， dried durian and other products， and create new products such as durian chili sauce and durian bak kut teh. He also said： “There are broad prospects for cooperation between China and Malaysia in agriculture. With the convenience of cross-border E-commerce platforms， Musang King durian can quickly be deliveried to Chinese consumers.”

In the first half of 2020， despite the outbreak of the COVID-19， the demand for durian in the Chinese market has increased rather than decreased. According to the data from China Customs， Chinas imports of fresh and frozen durian totaled US$ 1.62 billion during this period， up 73.5% on a year-on-year basis and nearly reaching the US$ 1.82 billion in imports for the whole of 2019. Among them， China imported frozen Malaysian durian worthy of US$ 40.37 million， registering a year-on-year increase of 128.4%.

Build a durian industrial ecosystem to deepen China-Malaysia economic and trade cooperation

China has been Malaysias largest trading partner for 11 consecutive years and Malaysia is Chinas seventh-largest trading partner and source of imports. In the past few years， China has actively imported Malaysian palm oil， birds nest， durian and other products， and also exported high-quality products to Malaysia， making bilateral trade more tangible and beneficial to the general public of the two countries. At the same time， two-way investment between China and Malaysia is improving in quality and efficiency， and major projects such as “Two Countries， Twin Parks” and Digital Free Trade Zone are making steady progress.

As an important promoter of economic and trade cooperation between China and Malaysia， Qinzhou Port Area of China （Guangxi） Pilot Free Trade Zone （hereinafter referred to as Qinzhou Port Area） has been committed to serving as a bridge in China-Malaysia bilateral economic and trade cooperation. In 2020， Qinzhou Port Area has seized the new opportunity of building a pilot free trade zone and a new international land-sea trade corridor， and strengthened the economic and trade cooperation with ASEAN countries. From January to September 2020， durian imports from Malaysia have exceeded 8，500 tons. In October， Qinzhou Port Area held the first special promotion activity for ASEAN agricultural products with the theme of Malaysian Musang King durian， which strongly deepened the exchange and cooperation between Guangxi and Malaysia in agricultural products including fruits.

The Vice Chairman of China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park （Guangxi） Development Co. Ltd. （CMQD） Dato Beh Hang Kong is bullish on the development of Malaysian durian in the Chinese market. He stated that the export of Malaysias durian to China will see multiple growths in the next few years， and with the export of unshelled durian to China being approved， the Malaysian durian industry has developed rapidly in the past year， and the entire industrial chain has taken shape rapidly. Next， the company will explore the construction of a Malaysian durian street in the China-Malaysian Qinzhou Industrial Park， planning the layout of the auction center， logistics center， procurement and supplier service center， E-commerce service center and ecological exhibition center for Malaysian durian.

The Qinzhou Port Area will continue to take the development of the durian industry as an important starting point， optimizie customs clearance services， increase publicity and promotion， improve the supply chain， and create a good durian industry ecosystem， to ensure seamless integration between the vast Chinese market and products with Malaysian characteristics， and to leverage the economic and trade cooperation between China and Malaysia in a wider range of areas.