全國(guó)中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)測(cè)試組委會(huì)辦公室
【試題再現(xiàn)】
III. 短文填空(Cloze)(共10小題,計(jì)10分)
(A) 請(qǐng)閱讀下面的短文,并根據(jù)其內(nèi)容提示,從方框中所給的7個(gè)詞語(yǔ)中選出5個(gè),并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。(每小題1分)
One day in 1912, a farmer in West Virginia had a big 36. ______. He found large yellow fruit growing on a young apple tree. When he sent some of his strange apples to a nursery (育苗場(chǎng)) 37. ______ apple trees were raised, people there offered to buy the tree for $5,000. The farmer agreed.
Since the tree could not be 38. ______, the nursery protected it with a high fence, for if it died, there might never be 39. ______ tree like it anywhere in the world.
Although $5,000 may seem a high price for one apple tree, the nursery knew that they could raise many other trees from it by 40. ______ its branches and grafting (嫁接) them to the roots of strong young trees. And that is just what they did. Thanks to that first tree, we now enjoy Golden Delicious apples today.
【答案】
36. surprise 37. where 38. moved 39. another 40. cutting off
【解題指導(dǎo)】
短文填空題的考查方式是給出一段短文,在短文中留出空格,給出首字母;或者是給出詞,從中選擇。大家要通讀短文,掌握大意,然后補(bǔ)全短文。
英語(yǔ)試卷中,短文體裁非常廣泛,可以是科普文、故事、體育甚至文化習(xí)俗等。不過(guò),所選的文章,一般都是大家比較熟悉的材料。這是一種短文性很強(qiáng)且難度較大的題型,考查的是大家對(duì)短文上下文的理解能力、對(duì)單詞、詞組及句型的運(yùn)用能力,以及對(duì)全文邏輯推理的能力。
短文填空題的正確答題流程應(yīng)該是這樣的:先粗讀全文再細(xì)讀全文,作答,復(fù)讀,檢查。注意:粗讀階段,應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)排除題中空格干擾,直接獲取整篇主要信息,以便后續(xù)作答環(huán)節(jié),利用整篇文章的主旨辨別錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。在細(xì)讀階段,大家首先應(yīng)從語(yǔ)法角度直接對(duì)題目進(jìn)行判斷。若無(wú)法確定答案,則應(yīng)聯(lián)系該空格的前后文,獲得該題目的提示信息,完成作答。短文填空題的解答,最好按前后順序完成,當(dāng)后部題目的解答面臨困擾時(shí),可再次精讀前文,尋找線索,最終正確作答。
【試題再現(xiàn)】
IV. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(Dialogue Completion)(共5小題,計(jì)5分)
請(qǐng)閱讀下面不完整的對(duì)話,并根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。有兩個(gè)多余選項(xiàng)。(每小題1分)
W: Excuse me. Could you help me?
M: Of course.
W: 46. ______
M: Are you new around here?
W: Yes, it's my first visit to London. I'm having difficulty finding my way around. 47. ______
M: Okay, let's take a look at the underground map. You know what? There are nine different underground lines in London.
W: Oh, really? 48. ______
M: I think it's the best way. Your destination is just within a stone's throw from the Westminster Station.
W: I see. 49. ______
M: Let me explain. We're here at Waterloo Station. First take the Northern Line to Embankment.
Then transfer to the Circle or District Line. 50. ______
W: You're very nice. Thank you.
M: Don't mention it. Just be careful not to go toward Temple Station.
【答案】
46—50 FAGCE
【解題指導(dǎo)】
1. 通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意、揣摩話題。解題時(shí)應(yīng)先跳過(guò)空格通覽全文,了解對(duì)話大意,根據(jù)對(duì)大意的把握,判定語(yǔ)境,揣摩話題。
2. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、細(xì)讀選項(xiàng)、選擇答案。在把握話題和語(yǔ)境的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)對(duì)話的每一空白處,細(xì)讀所提供的選項(xiàng),認(rèn)真分析它們之間的異同,依據(jù)對(duì)話有關(guān)情景內(nèi)容,選擇正確的答案。
3. 通盤(pán)考慮、前后聯(lián)想、先易后難。要從對(duì)話整體理解出發(fā),依照上、下問(wèn)答的邏輯順序來(lái)考慮所選擇的答案。要先解決有把握的、容易的,再回頭補(bǔ)選較難的。
4. 通讀對(duì)話、義形結(jié)合、驗(yàn)證答案。將對(duì)話補(bǔ)全之后,再將整段對(duì)話通讀一遍,逐一驗(yàn)證答案。所選的答案不僅語(yǔ)義上要符合語(yǔ)境,而且要保證語(yǔ)言正確,做到說(shuō)話得體。
【試題再現(xiàn)】
V. 翻譯(Translation)(共5小題,計(jì)10分)
(A) 請(qǐng)將下面短文中的劃線句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。(每小題2分)
Whittier (惠蒂爾) in Alaska is an unusual town for many reasons. It is a hundred miles from the nearest city, and it has no roads that lead to any cities or towns. The winds are too strong for planes and boats, so the only way to enter or leave Whittier is by train. 51. But the most unusual thing about Whittier is that most of the people who live there live in the same building!
The buildings in Whittier include a store, a fire station, a restaurant, a small apartment house, and a fourteen-story apartment building where most people live. The big apartment is also home for the police, post office, school, church, library, museum, two theatres, and business offices.
52. Whatever the people want is almost always in their own house.
(B) 請(qǐng)根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的提示,將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。(每小題2分)
53. 他對(duì)北京了如指掌,一定是去過(guò)那里。(表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
54. 邁克把所有的積蓄都捐給了那些貧困家庭。(donate)
55. 這首歌曲讓我想起了童年的美好時(shí)光。(remind... of...)
【答案】
51. 但是惠蒂爾最與眾不同之處是大部分當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穸季幼≡谕粭澊髽莾?nèi)。
52. 人們所需的一切幾乎都在他們自己的房子里。
53. He knows Beijing very well / He is familiar with Beijing, so he must have been there.
54. Mike donated / donates / has donated all of his savings to the / those poor families.
55. This song reminds me of the good days / times of my childhood.
【解題指導(dǎo)】
1. 直譯。一般說(shuō)來(lái),英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)如在形、義上與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)全同或是基本相同的??刹捎弥弊g,原習(xí)語(yǔ)中的比喻或形象能為漢語(yǔ)讀者所接受的有時(shí)也可以采用直譯。
2. 套譯。套譯就是借用漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)來(lái)翻譯。由于文化背景不同,原文的形象有時(shí)不符合中國(guó)習(xí)俗,如直譯出來(lái)寓意就會(huì)頗為費(fèi)解,或原文的形象引起另一種聯(lián)想,從而影響到原文意思的準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá),這時(shí)大多可以采用套譯。英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)形異義似時(shí),有時(shí)可采用這種譯法。
3. 意譯。當(dāng)直譯原文結(jié)果會(huì)令人費(fèi)解或造成誤解時(shí),如使用套譯的結(jié)果不理想,還可以采用意譯。