蘇楠 宋峰偉 王鵬
摘 要:新能源汽車(chē)中,特別是電動(dòng)汽車(chē),因其節(jié)能環(huán)保的優(yōu)勢(shì),是社會(huì)和國(guó)家相關(guān)部門(mén)提倡的重點(diǎn),在私人轎車(chē)中的比例也逐步增大。因此,當(dāng)今對(duì)電動(dòng)車(chē)的研究也更加深入,電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的制動(dòng)力分配作為電動(dòng)汽車(chē)安全性的主要內(nèi)容,也是文章重點(diǎn)研究的方向。文章主要介紹電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制動(dòng)力分配特點(diǎn),兼顧制動(dòng)力分配的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)能量回收以及制動(dòng)力分配的相關(guān)理論曲線。并引入實(shí)際車(chē)型,通過(guò)其實(shí)際制動(dòng)力分配曲線與理想制動(dòng)力分配曲線的對(duì)比來(lái)驗(yàn)證其制動(dòng)力分配的合理性,根據(jù)對(duì)比結(jié)論分析制動(dòng)力分配的特點(diǎn)。并對(duì)制動(dòng)力分配的優(yōu)化方案進(jìn)行介紹與展望。通過(guò)整個(gè)體系的闡述,強(qiáng)調(diào)制動(dòng)力分配的重要性以及對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制動(dòng)安全性、穩(wěn)定性的意義,也是電動(dòng)汽車(chē)今后發(fā)展的重要方向。為我們今后對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的研究奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞:電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制動(dòng);能量回收;制動(dòng)力分配;分配優(yōu)化
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):U469.7? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? 文章編號(hào):1671-7988(2020)17-08-03
Analysis and optimization of braking force distribution of electric vehicles
Su Nan, Song Fengwei, Wang Peng
( Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Engineering Research Institute, Shaanxi Xi'an 710119 )
Abstract: This article expounds the electric car braking force distribution optimization, chapter five written in full. Was the center of the braking energy recovery and the optimization of braking force distribution of two parts, the two parts is also a corresponding content. The first chapter focuses on the overview of the electric car braking and research background; The second chapter mainly analyzes the braking energy recovery, recycling development present situation and the main methods of recycling and how to maximize the recovery of energy; The third chapter expounds the theory of braking force distribution, the theoretical basis of this is the fourth chapter; The fourth chapter mainly studies the optimal allocation of braking force, this is the ultimate goal of our research and results; The last chapter of this article has carried on the summary and prospect of the system. In this paper, based on the research of the electric car braking, based on the theory of braking force distribution optimization analysis to its, this paper expounds the current new technology of the car care point and deficiency, and on the analysis of the study and prospect.
Keywords: The electric car braking; Energy recovery; Braking force distribution; Distribution optimization
CLC NO.: U469.7? Document Code:A? Article ID: 1671-7988(2020)17-08-03
引言
新世紀(jì)以來(lái),社會(huì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)使得電動(dòng)汽車(chē)成為新時(shí)期轎車(chē)的主力之一。而且,當(dāng)今能源和環(huán)境問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重,電動(dòng)汽車(chē)因節(jié)能環(huán)保很占優(yōu)勢(shì)。而將電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的制動(dòng)能量回收與制動(dòng)力的分配相結(jié)合的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),正是我們研究的重點(diǎn)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)能量回收和制動(dòng)力的優(yōu)化分配策略?xún)纱篌w系內(nèi)容的研究與分析,對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究。進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的節(jié)能環(huán)保。
1 制動(dòng)力分配及其合理性分析
同時(shí),對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō),制動(dòng)力在優(yōu)化分配的同時(shí)。還要考慮另一個(gè)重要的理論,就是電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制動(dòng)能量的回收。因其靠電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),沒(méi)有內(nèi)燃機(jī)提供動(dòng)力,因此電動(dòng)汽車(chē)需要回收相應(yīng)的制動(dòng)能量以提高汽車(chē)行駛的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,而電動(dòng)汽車(chē)能量的回收又與制動(dòng)力的優(yōu)化互不兼容。因此,我們需要對(duì)兩者做詳細(xì)的分析。主要是制動(dòng)力的分配原理,其動(dòng)力性也是一個(gè)需要考慮在內(nèi)的問(wèn)題,我們不能只考慮制動(dòng)力的優(yōu)化分配,也要兼顧制動(dòng)能量的回收[1]。
電動(dòng)汽車(chē)能量回收的基本原理是電動(dòng)機(jī)的可逆性。即電機(jī)可以在發(fā)電機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)兩種模式切換,再將汽車(chē)的驅(qū)動(dòng)和制動(dòng)能量?jī)?chǔ)存起來(lái)。