秋千影
在政治詞匯中,“調(diào)研”與“考察”時(shí)有區(qū)別,偶或同義。說(shuō)其有別,是因?yàn)榍罢呦怠罢{(diào)查研究”之略語(yǔ),后者卻指“深刻觀察”,乃至“評(píng)價(jià)”。與此同時(shí),兩者均可表示“實(shí)地觀察,了解情況”。因此,英譯時(shí),應(yīng)在吃透漢語(yǔ)本義的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇不同的英文表述,以實(shí)現(xiàn)信達(dá)之終極目的。
原文:在湖北調(diào)研全面深化改革問(wèn)題和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行情況
譯文:during his inspection of reform and economic development in Hubei Province
點(diǎn)評(píng):譯者法眼,此處“調(diào)研”實(shí)有“巡察”之意。
原文: 有的下基層調(diào)研走馬觀花,下去就是為了出鏡頭、露露臉,坐在車上轉(zhuǎn),隔著玻璃看……
譯文:For some officials, a “grassroots survey” is no more than a comfortable ride in a car, a hurried glance through the window, an affable wave to the cameras…
點(diǎn)評(píng):有些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的調(diào)研,旨在巡視,故用survey。
原文:每次去調(diào)研,都要進(jìn)農(nóng)戶、到田頭、聽(tīng)民聲。
譯文:During each visit, Xi Jinping chatted with villagers at their homes and in the fields.
點(diǎn)評(píng):領(lǐng)導(dǎo)到基層訪問(wèn),媒體經(jīng)常用“調(diào)研”來(lái)描述,這大概是媒體語(yǔ)言與民間語(yǔ)言的區(qū)別所在。而在英語(yǔ)譯文中,直接使用visit,言簡(jiǎn)意賅。
原文:履新一個(gè)月,他圍繞民生、發(fā)展、上海世博會(huì)、反腐等工作,馬不停蹄地開(kāi)展調(diào)研。
譯文:In the first month after his appointment Xi Jinping began research projects into standards of living, development, the Shanghai World Expo, and the fight against corruption.
點(diǎn)評(píng):此處,返璞歸真,涉及“調(diào)研”的基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)義,英文自然接踵而至,用research projects忠實(shí)表述。
原文:在河南考察時(shí)
譯文:during an inspection tour of Henan Province
點(diǎn)評(píng):這里的“考察”與媒體語(yǔ)言中的“調(diào)研”幾乎同義,此種用法甚多。
原文:各級(jí)組織部門要把能不能依法辦事、遵守法律作為考察識(shí)別干部的重要條件。
譯文:Organization departments of the Party at all levels should make the performance of officials in accordance with the law an important criterion for their assessment.
點(diǎn)評(píng):此例中的“考察”大異于上例,但等同于下例。譯者憑借慧眼,翻譯時(shí),選擇了正確用詞assessment。
原文:要堅(jiān)持從政治上考察和使用干部……
譯文:We will apply political convictions as a measure when reviewing and appointing officers…
點(diǎn)評(píng):義同上例,但譯者選用動(dòng)詞形式的reviewing。另外,因此句論及軍隊(duì)干部問(wèn)題,英文改用officers,以別于各級(jí)地方政府中的文職官員officials。
原文:必須健全考察機(jī)制和辦法,多渠道、多層次、多側(cè)面深入了解。
譯文:We must have a good system and methods to evaluate officials, with reflections through various channels, at various levels and from various perspectives.
點(diǎn)評(píng):此處的“考察”類似于“考評(píng)”,使用evaluate,自然貼切。
原文:考察識(shí)別干部,功夫要下在平時(shí),并注意重大關(guān)頭、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻。
譯文:The evaluation and observation of officials are done in day-to-day work, but the best time is at major events and critical moments.
點(diǎn)評(píng):與上例異曲同工,只不過(guò)根據(jù)行文需要,使用了名詞形式。
行文至此,細(xì)心且善于思考的讀者可能想到了其他類似詞語(yǔ),比如視察、巡視等。這些詞的英文又是什么呢?