侯昌瑋

3 ways to prevent epidemics?from spreading

保持良好的衛(wèi)生、維護清潔的環(huán)境，以及遵從醫(yī)囑是有效遏制流行疾病傳播的三件法寶。

難詞探意

1. hygiene /?ha?d?i?n/ n. 衛(wèi)生;衛(wèi)生狀況

2. antibacterial /??ntib?k?t??ri?l/ adj. 抗菌的;殺菌的

3. sanitizer /?s?n?ta?z?（r）/ n. 消毒劑

4. vacuum /?v?kju?m/ v. 用真空吸塵器清掃

5. contagious /k?n?te?d??s/ adj. （疾?。┙佑|傳染的

An epidemic spreads to a large number of people within days or weeks. Maintaining good hygiene， keeping your environment clean and seeing your doctor are effective ways to prevent the spread of the epidemics.

Maintaining good hygiene

?1? You should also clean your hands well after being in a public place， such as the bus， the office， or the grocery store. Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands with antibacterial soap and water for at least 20?40 seconds.

You can use hand sanitizer throughout the day to kill germs. Go for hand sanitizer that contains alcohol so it can properly clean your hands.

Avoid touching your mouth， nose， or eyes. Try not to touch these areas with your hands， especially if they are dirty or have not been washed recently.

Do not share items like glasses， or toothbrushes with others. You should also avoid sharing combs and make?up like lipstick or lip balm.

? ?2?

Stay at home if you are sick to prevent spreading germs to others. Do not go into work or head to school if you are feeling ill or under the weather.

? ?3? ?

Wipe down food preparation areas before and after you cook. Make your own kitchen cleaner out of vinegar and water or buy a commercial cleaner. Spray and wipe down all the areas in your kitchen to prevent the spread of germs， especially if you are handling raw meat or seafood. Use separate cutting boards and knives for vegetables and raw meat or seafood to prevent contamination.

Clean your work space and other areas you use frequently with an antibacterial cleaner. Wipe down your computer， desk， and other areas in your work space that you touch and interact with regularly. Do this several times a week to ensure germs do not transfer from your work space to you.

Do a thorough clean of your home once a week.? 4? ? Clean the surfaces of your home with antibacterial cleaner and vacuum up dust or dirt on the floors so they are clean. You should wash all bedding and towels in your home once a week， especially if someone in your household is sick or appears ill.

Seeing your doctor

Go to the doctor if you feel ill or unwell. If you are feeling sick， try to get diagnosed and treated right away by your doctor to prevent your condition from becoming contagious. Getting diagnosed with an epidemic can ensure you get treated correctly and effectively. It also reduces your chances of infecting others.

Get vaccinated for diseases regularly. Try to schedule your vaccinations before the epidemic becomes serious or the season for certain epidemics occurs. Ask your doctor which vaccines you can receive so you do not contract or spread certain diseases.

Ask your doctor about current epidemics and how you can avoid spreading them. There are a range of epidemics on the rise and it can be difficult to keep track of them all. Ask your doctor about which epidemics you should be concerned about in your area and how you can avoid contracting or spreading them.? ? 5? ? Or he/she may recommend that you avoid traveling to certain areas to reduce your chances of contracting an epidemic.

A. Keeping your environment clean

B. Informing infectious people of messages

C. You are not alone in working on pandemic prevention.

D. Your doctor may suggest a vaccine or lifestyle changes.

E. Sharing these items can cause germs to spread to others or to you.

F. You should wash your hands when preparing food or going to the bathroom.

G. Your home can harbor some bacteria that can spread epidemics like the flu.

Reading Check

Fill in each blank with only one word according to the context.

Language Study

Sentence for writing

Maintaining good hygiene， keeping your environment clean and seeing your doctor are effective ways to prevent the spread of the epidemics.

【信息提取】“doing...be an effective way to do...”是一個動名詞作主語的句型，意為“……是……的有效方法”。

【句式仿寫】多閱讀是提高英語的有效方法。

主題應用·語庫構建

Ⅰ. 短語積累

1. 病毒相關 Virus

plague 死亡率高的傳染病;災害

cholera 霍亂

bubonic plague 腺鼠疫

smallpox 天花

measles 麻疹

novel coronavirus 新型冠狀病毒

pneumonia 肺炎

intermediate host 中間宿主

source of infection 傳染源

route of transmission 傳播途徑

droplet transmission 飛沫傳播

aerosol transmission 氣溶膠傳播

contact transmission 接觸傳播

vertical transmission 垂直傳播

susceptible population 易感人群

incubation/latent period 潛伏期

sporadic case 散發(fā)病例

outbreak 爆發(fā)

prevalence 流行

pandemic （全國或全球性）流行病

affected area 疫區(qū)

2. 病例相關 Case

case of infection 感染病例

suspected case 疑似病例

asymptomatic case 無癥狀病例

severe case 重癥病例

confirmed case 確診病例

number of new cases 新增病例數(shù)

cumulative number of cases 累計病例數(shù)

number of deaths 死亡病例數(shù)

cured case 治愈病例

fatality rate 病死率

contagion 接觸傳染

basic reproduction rate 基本繁殖率

3. 患者相關 Patient

nucleic acid testing 核酸檢測

clinical trial 臨床試驗

vaccine 疫苗

infected person 感染者

caregiver 護理者

cough 咳嗽

sneeze 打噴嚏

sputum 痰

afflict 使痛苦;折磨

spit 吐痰

inhale 吸入

exhale 呼出

contamination 污染

symptom 癥狀

fever 發(fā)熱

headache 頭痛

fatigue 疲勞

dry cough 干咳

stuffy nose 鼻塞

runny nose 流鼻涕

sore throat 喉嚨痛

diarrhea 腹瀉

have difficulty in breathing 呼吸困難

4. 生物學相關 Biology

respiratory system 呼吸系統(tǒng)

respiratory tract 呼吸道

nasal cavity 鼻腔

oral cavity 口腔

pharynx 咽

larynx 喉

trachea 氣管

bronchi 支氣管

lung 肺

5. 防護相關 Protection

quarantine 隔離期

mask 口罩

surgical mask 醫(yī)用外科口罩

protective clothing 防護服

goggles 護目鏡

shoe covers 鞋套

gloves 手套

disposable 一次性的

disinfection 消毒

disinfectant 消毒劑

alcohol 酒精

spray 噴灑

hand sanitizer 洗手液

check the body temperature of passengers 檢查乘客體溫

maintain good hygiene 保持良好的衛(wèi)生

keep your environment clean 保持環(huán)境清潔

disinfect the waiting room 給候診室消毒

curb the spread of the virus 抑制病毒的傳播

6. 其他

severe 嚴峻的

epidemic 流行病

serve as a volunteer 做志愿者

battle with the epidemic 與流行病做斗爭

join in the fight actively 積極參加戰(zhàn)斗

do my part 盡我的職責

volunteer at the station 在車站做志愿者

with the number of novel coronavirus cases continuing to rise 隨著新型冠狀病毒病例的不斷增加

both in and outside of China 國內(nèi)外

join in treating patients 參與治療患者

donated material for epidemic prevention 防疫捐贈物資

strong national cohesion 強大的民族凝聚力

in the fight against... 在與……的對抗中

PHEIC=Public Health Emergency of International Concern 國際公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件

WHO=World Health Organization 世界衛(wèi)生組織

Health Commission 衛(wèi)健委

Ⅱ. 美句背誦

1. Outbreaks of these diseases， especially smallpox， have killed many people in its existence. 這些疾病的爆發(fā)，特別是天花，已經(jīng)在其存在的時間里殺死了許多的人。

2. Novel coronavirus pneumonia has done a heavy damage， with millions of reported victims worldwide and hundreds of thousands of deaths reported so far. 新冠肺炎已經(jīng)造成了嚴重的損害。據(jù)報道，到目前為止全世界已有數(shù)以百萬的人被確診，幾十萬人死亡。

3. Generally considered the most deadly of the seven cholera pandemics， the third major outbreak of cholera in the 19th century lasted for several years. 19世紀霍亂的第三次大爆發(fā)持續(xù)了幾年，被普遍認為是七次霍亂大流行病中最致命的一次。

4. Between? 2005? and? 2012? the? annual

global deaths from HIV/AIDS dropped sharply. 2005年至2012年期間，全球每年死于艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的人數(shù)急劇下降。

5. What is more， the information epidemic has made it difficult to control the public health crisis，where a few facts—mixed with fear， speculation and rumour were inflated and relayed swiftly worldwide by modern information technology. 而且，信息的迅速傳播使得控制公共衛(wèi)生危機變得困難。在這場危機中，一些與恐懼、猜測和謠言交織在一起的事實借助于現(xiàn)代信息技術在全世界被迅速地夸大和傳播。

6. Zhongs life has always been closely linked with his patients and with the development of the nation. He has given his patients comfort and strength to fight the disease. 鐘南山的生活始終與他的病人和國家的發(fā)展息息相關。他給了病人對抗疾病的安慰和力量。

7. Maintaining good hygiene， keeping your environment clean and seeing your doctor are effective ways to prevent the spread of the epidemics. 保持良好的衛(wèi)生、保持你的環(huán)境清潔和看醫(yī)生是防止流行病傳播的有效方法。

8. Do not share items like glasses， or toothbrushes with others. You should also avoid sharing combs and make?up like lipstick or lip balm. 不要與他人共用眼鏡或牙刷等物品。要避免混用梳子和化妝品，如口紅或唇膏。

9. If you are feeling sick， try to get diagnosed and treated right away by your doctor to prevent your condition from becoming contagious. 如果你感到不舒服，要盡量馬上得到醫(yī)生的診斷和治療，以防止你的病情傳染。

10. Getting diagnosed with an epidemic can ensure you get treated correctly and effectively. It also reduces your chances of infecting others. 被診斷出患有流行病可以確保你得到正確和有效的治療。這也降低了你感染他人的可能性。

11. We should avoid traveling to certain areas like supermarkets，squares and cinemas to reduce our chances of contracting an epidemic. 我們應該避免去某些地方，如超市、廣場和電影院，以減少我們感染流行病的機會。

12. When you feel depressed， reading is one of the solutions to heal your inner pains. Sometimes doing exercise also helps. 當你感到沮喪時，閱讀是治愈你內(nèi)心痛苦的良藥之一。有時做運動也會有所幫助。

Ⅲ. 讀后創(chuàng)寫

假定你是《瘋狂英語》的主編陳老師，近期，各地的學校陸續(xù)恢復開學，請以《瘋狂英語》的名義給即將返校的同學們寫一封公開信，表達你的希望和祝福。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)150 左右;

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear readers，

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Yours，

Editor?in?chief Chen of Crazy English