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基于三維激光雷達的無人機場景建模

2020-07-23 08:54趙猛姚凱楊國棟何煊梁自澤翟永杰
現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù) 2020年14期
關(guān)鍵詞:無人機系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

趙猛 姚凱 楊國棟 何煊 梁自澤 翟永杰

摘? 要: 隨著無人機應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的不斷擴大,無人機對周圍環(huán)境感知的需求逐漸加大,激光雷達技術(shù)的應(yīng)用成為無人機研究領(lǐng)域的重要發(fā)展趨勢。為解決無人機在飛行過程中周圍環(huán)境復(fù)雜導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)場定位信號較差的問題,基于三維激光雷達,結(jié)合大疆無人機的Onboard SDK技術(shù),設(shè)計機載激光點云采集系統(tǒng)以及激光點云處理算法。為了降低激光采集系統(tǒng)的操作難度,設(shè)計避障算法,在飛行既定路線的同時結(jié)合激光點云進行避障飛行。利用激光點云SLAM算法,實現(xiàn)了無人機對周圍環(huán)境的三維建模,以達到無人機對周圍環(huán)境感知的目的,并通過實際測試驗證了所提方法的有效性。

關(guān)鍵詞: 無人機; 場景建模; 三維激光雷達; 激光點云采集系統(tǒng); 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計; 避障飛行

中圖分類號: TN958?34? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標(biāo)識碼: A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號: 1004?373X(2020)14?0042?06

UAV scene modelling based on 3D lidar

ZHAO Meng1, YAO Kai2, YANG Guodong3, HE Xuan1, LIANG Zize3, ZHAI Yongjie1

(1. Department of Automation, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China;

2. Luohe Power Supply Company, State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, Luohe 462000, China;

3. State key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

Abstract: With the continuous expansion of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) application field, the demand of UAV for the surrounding environment perception is increasing gradually. The application of lidar technology has become an important development trend in the UAV research field. An airborne laser point cloud acquisition system and a laser point cloud processing algorithm are designed based on 3D lidar and in combination of the Onboard SDK technology of DJI UAV, so as to solve the difficulty of poor field positioning signal caused by the complex surrounding environment of UAV throughout its flight process. The obstacle avoidance algorithm is designed to reduce the operation difficulty of laser acquisition system and avoid obstacles by combining the laser point cloud while flying on the established route. The 3D modelling of the UAV for its surrounding environment is realized by means of the laser?point cloud SLAM algorithm to achieve the purpose of UAV′s perception of the surrounding environment. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the actual test.

Keywords: UAV; scene modeling; 3D lidar; laser point cloud acquisition system; system design; obstacle avoidance flight

0? 引? 言

近年來,無人機技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展使其在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的使用和推廣,但是現(xiàn)在的無人機操控基本停留在手動控制的階段[1],對操作人員的要求門檻較高。在環(huán)境建模方面,現(xiàn)階段多采用雙目視覺攝像頭或者深度相機進行建模,對環(huán)境的敏感性較高,且對硬件的處理器能力要求較高,激光雷達建模則擁有精度較高、對計算量小的優(yōu)勢[2]。激光雷達作為無人機自主飛行的重要傳感器[3],之前由于自身重量和成本的問題難以在小型無人機上得到應(yīng)用和推廣,近年來隨著激光雷達技術(shù)的不斷突破,機載激光雷達的質(zhì)量也降到了1 kg以下[4],使得3D雷達應(yīng)用到無人機上成為可能。同步定位與建圖(Simultaneous? Localization and Mapping,SLAM)技術(shù)是機器人視覺的一個重要研究內(nèi)容[5],采用此技術(shù)可以通過無人機自身搭載的激光雷達等傳感器實現(xiàn)無人機的環(huán)境感知,結(jié)合IMU慣性測量元件,無人機可以估計出自身的定位,進而根據(jù)之前的位置實現(xiàn)建圖[6]。本文通過機載三維激光雷達對環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)進行采集處理,建立起點云地圖,實現(xiàn)無人機周圍環(huán)境感知,通過障礙物檢測實現(xiàn)避障功能,以提高無人機在既定路線飛行的自主能力。

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