劉信心

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty，Shi Jie devoted his whole life to the revival of Confucianism with the heart of Confucianism and Taoism in mind. Shandong's intense pursuit of martial energy has created Shi's radical and obstinate character，which is evident in the distinguishing between right and wrong，and too much to criticize reality. The attitude towards bureaucratic colleagues is also vastly different，loyal officials and good generals deserving to be praised，but corrupt officials and corrupt officials deserving to be satirized and criticized，which has also caused the attitude people use to evaluate Shi's to a polarized situation. Because of his distinctive character traits，scholars have often focused on a particular aspect of Shi's research. For example，the study of Shi's rejection of Buddhism and Taoism，the study of Shi's Confucianism revival movement，the study of Shi's management of officials with ethics，etc.. It is precise because of Shi's black-and-white character that the content of the ideas he promotes can be revealed by studying his ideas of political management. Therefore，this paper combines the relevant theories of sociology to study Shi's ideas from the perspective of social control. In contrast to the current state of Shi's research in academia，the study of social control ideology is an innovative perspective for this paper，although the research in this area is weak and there is minimal information to draw on，but it does slightly fill the academic gap in this area of the research.

Social control refers to the process by which the social organization system applies social norms and the corresponding means and methods to guide and regulate the social behavior and values of social members and to regulate and control various social relations. Therefore，the article first discusses the general background of Shi Jie's idea of social control，combined with the political situation in the early Northern Song Dynasty and the defeat of the war between the imperial court and the ethnic minorities，which inspired Shi's sense of nationalism and fervent expectation for the Northern Song Dynasty to become politically influential. He began to participate in the Qingli Reforms，contributing to the political rise. Economically，the rise of the new landlords in the early Northern Song Dynasty caused changes in the hierarchical composition of society，which led to some shocks to the Confucian ethics of the hierarchical order of the ruler，the courtier，the father，and the son. Culturally，the prosperity of Buddhism and the decline of the traditional mainstream thinking of Confucianism led Shi to actively participate in the revival of Confucianism in the early Northern Song Dynasty，vigorously promoting Confucianism and ethics to achieve a stable and orderly culture of manners and customs.

She Jie lived in such a complex social environment，and the formation of his social control ideas needs to be studied in conjunction with philosophical ideas. He believed that all human beings，goodness，and evilness，could be cultivated through education and that people could become virtuous people through cultivation in their daily lives. In Confucianism，the hierarchical divisions between ruler and courtier，father and son must be solidified，so that the authority of the ruler rises to the height of natural law to manifest the majesty of the ruler and the upper class，to educate the people to follow the social norms of etiquette and to stabilize social rule. Although Shi proposed that human nature can be cultivated，he also put forward the theory of goodness and evilness，believing that people born based on goodness are basically adhering to the essence of heaven and earth. People born based on evilness mostly believe in the theory of ghosts，monsters，and demons，so it is necessary to treat goodness and evilness differently.

According to the foundation of Shi Jie's idea of social control，Shi proposed the means of internal social control，using ethical control and cultural control means to make the members of society in the process of indoctrination，consciously follow the norms of social manners and customs to achieve the practical purpose of social stability control. Therefore，Shi Jie advocated the education in the academy to shape the ethical concept of respect for teachers and morality in society；he emphasized the importance of learning as the basis for educating people about benevolence and righteousness and assisting the members of society to pass on Confucianism and morality through moral cultivation. Besides，Shi proposes that the premise of maintaining Confucianism must be the rejection of Buddhism and the emphasis on the importance of social rituals，such as Confucian family rituals，through the concept of "no Buddha，remove Buddha"；the key to maintain Confucianism is to make the articles carry the Confucian moral culture，which is an obvious way can educate the members of society. Shi suggested that the system and norms already established by society should be followed and not easily changed and that by following the standards，the socio-political order and social life would be stable.

In addition to the means of internal social control to make the inner sacred virtues of the members of society consciously follow the social system，Shi argues that it needs to be supplemented utilizing outer social control，with coercive political power to make the members of society submit to social norms and controls. Therefore，Shi proposed that political officials must have the world in mind and put people's livelihood at the forefront and that corrupt officials and officials who endanger people's livelihood should be punished and condemned by public opinion. Social life also needs to be governed by different village rules and regulations in different places，with the ancillary measures of clan culture to regulate the behavior of village clan members，so that they meet the needs of a social operation to achieve the purpose of social control.

The doctrine of social control is theoretically rich，and this paper accordingly adopts the internal and external means of social control to analyze Shi Jie's social control thought and explore its characteristics. On the whole，Shi's life was relatively short，only forty-one years old，and his political career was always in a state of ups and downs，so the rulers did not use some of his political measures or ideas，and the effect of social control was not very significant. However，Shi's philosophy of respecting teachers and paying attention to people's livelihood，which is based on the Confucianism and Taoism of the world，has played a specific decisive role in social development and had a positive impact on the social and political order and stability of life at that time.