劉凌蘭

全文主旨句常位于首段段首或段末或有轉(zhuǎn)折處，段落主旨句常作為段落小標題或是段落首句，因此，對主旨句的考查，考生相對容易做對，而對于段中的細節(jié)句和過渡句的考查，做起來則相對較難。筆者將以近三年的高考英語全國Ⅰ卷真題為例，談?wù)勅绾芜\用復(fù)現(xiàn)詞、代詞和表明邏輯關(guān)系的詞等三類提示詞，解答細節(jié)句和過渡句這兩類考題。

一、復(fù)現(xiàn)詞

詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是保證文章前后銜接的一種寫作手段。詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是指表達相同意思的詞匯在文章的不同地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。復(fù)現(xiàn)可以是原詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也可以是用不同的詞表達相同的意思。

[例1]（2019年全國Ⅰ卷）Recently， people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. _________In these places， patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？

F. Just as importantly， we need to associate fresh air with health care.

G. All across the country， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

解析：本題在段中，為細節(jié)句。前一句中的關(guān)鍵詞healing與G選項中的Healing對應(yīng)。G選項中的recovery與后一句中的recovery對應(yīng)，均為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，很可能就是答案，將G項代入文中，前后連貫，語意銜接，故G項正確。順便提提，本題也可根據(jù)代詞解題，后一句的In these places指代G項中的Healing Gardens。

二、代詞

代詞是語篇銜接的重要手段之一。代詞是指代前面提及的名詞或句子的詞，因此，凡遇代詞，不論是在選項中，還是在空格前后句中，我們就要分析該代詞到底是指前面的什么內(nèi)容，若能找到，前后語意銜接，就易于找出正確選項了。找指代內(nèi)容時注意代詞的人稱、性別和單復(fù)數(shù)等。

[例2]（2018年全國Ⅰ卷）Over the years， there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. ____________， they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home： the small ones， the medium ones， and the large ones.

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you are looking for

C. If you are experimenting with a color

解析：本題在段中，為過渡句或承接句。選項A中的all of them指代上句中的名詞短語a number of different techniques（許多不同的技巧），很可能就是答案，將其代入文中，“多年來，已經(jīng)有許多不同的技巧來幫助設(shè)計師處理這一重要問題。雖然它們都很有用，但是它們可能會變得有點復(fù)雜。但是好消息是……”前后連貫，語意銜接，故選A項。

三、表明邏輯關(guān)系的詞

語篇是通過一定的銜接手段將一些意義相關(guān)的句子按照邏輯組織在一起的語意整體。在這一過程中，邏輯關(guān)系詞起了重要作用。因此，理清段與段、句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，把握文脈，有助于理解語篇內(nèi)容，做到高效答題。常見的邏輯關(guān)系有與轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、讓步、并列、遞進、總分、舉例、解釋等，如果有表明邏輯關(guān)系的標志詞，如besides， therefore， so， but， however， for example， such as等，要特別注意。當然，做對題的前提還是要能讀懂文章，特別是能準確理解空格前后句和選項的意思。

[例3]（2017年全國Ⅰ卷）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping， I would have laughed heartily. Campers， in my eyes， were people who enjoyed insect bites， ill-cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. __________

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer ...

I was， nevertheless， talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness ...

B. Things are going to be improved.

C. The trip they took me on was a tough one.

D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then， however.

解析：本題為過渡句。前面的句子表明作者三年前對露營有抵觸心理，因下面各段都是描述作者露營的經(jīng)歷的，可知作者后來去了，由抵觸野營到多次去野營，顯然是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選項D中有明顯的表轉(zhuǎn)折的標志詞however，很可能就是答案，將其代入文中，前后語意銜接，故選D項。

責任編輯 蔣小青