0.05);在牙槽嵴低平組,"/>
賈爽 葉榮榮 王德芳
[摘要]目的:評(píng)估應(yīng)用生物功能性義齒修復(fù)系統(tǒng)(BPS)修復(fù)全口牙列缺失的臨床效果。方法:選擇60例全口牙列缺失患者,分為牙槽嵴正常組和牙槽嵴低平組,每組分別采用BPS系統(tǒng)和傳統(tǒng)方法進(jìn)行全口義齒修復(fù)。于義齒完成后3d、1個(gè)月以及3個(gè)月復(fù)診,檢查口內(nèi)黏膜壓痛點(diǎn),采用吸光度法測試義齒的咀嚼效率,利用調(diào)查問卷測試患者的滿意度,然后進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果:在牙槽嵴正常組,兩種方法制作的全口義齒在壓痛點(diǎn)的檢測、義齒咀嚼效率及患者的滿意度方面,差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);在牙槽嵴低平組,與傳統(tǒng)方法制作的全口義齒相比較,BPS法制作的全口義齒壓痛點(diǎn)少、義齒咀嚼效率及患者的滿意度高,差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:BPS全口義齒在牙槽嵴低平患者的修復(fù)治療中,較傳統(tǒng)方法制作的義齒有明顯優(yōu)勢。
[關(guān)鍵詞]生物功能性義齒修復(fù)系統(tǒng);牙列缺失;吸光度法;咀嚼效率;滿意度調(diào)查
[中圖分類號(hào)]R783.6 ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A ? ?[文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2020)03-0119-04
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the application of biological functional denture restoration system (BPS) in the restoration of edentulous. Methods ?60 patients with edentulous were selected and divided into normal alveolar ridge group and low alveolar ridge group. BPS system and traditional method were used for complete denture restoration in each group. After the denture was completed 3 days, 1 month and 3 months later, the pressure points were checked, the chewing efficiency of the denture was tested by absorbance method and the satisfaction of the patients was tested by questionnaire and then compared. Results In the normal alveolar ridge group, there was no significant difference between the two methods in the detection of pressure points, chewing efficiency of the denture and patient satisfaction (P>0.05). In the low alveolar ridge level group, compared with the traditional method of complete denture, BPS complete denture has fewer tenderness points, better denture mastication efficiency and patient satisfaction, and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). ?Conclusion ?BPS complete denture has obvious advantages over conventional denture in the restoration of patients with low alveolar ridge.
Key words: Biofunctional Prosthetic System(BPS); edentulous; absorptiometry; masticatory efficiency; satisfaction survey
我國老齡化趨勢已日益顯著,牙列缺失患者亦逐步增多。由于牙齒及頜位關(guān)系的喪失,且因壽命延長,全口牙列缺失患者更換義齒的機(jī)會(huì)越來越多。尤其對(duì)于那些牙槽骨吸收嚴(yán)重的患者,每次更換義齒的過程中,都有因牙槽嵴的降低以及戴用不合適的舊義齒引發(fā)其他口腔病變的可能性。利用傳統(tǒng)方法制作的全口義齒,患者戴用后往往出現(xiàn)固位力欠佳、義齒易松動(dòng)脫落、黏膜易疼痛及咀嚼效率低等情況[1]。因此, 針對(duì)牙槽骨吸收嚴(yán)重的患者,如何改善全口義齒修復(fù)后的咀嚼效率,提高義齒的固位力與穩(wěn)定性,是全口義齒修復(fù)的重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)。生物功能性修復(fù)系統(tǒng)(Biofunctional Prosthetic System ,BPS)是由義獲嘉公司推出的義齒修復(fù)系統(tǒng), 在生物功能原則的基礎(chǔ)上, 制作出的全口義齒具有高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、高精度及品牌化等特征, 是目前臨床工作中最完善的義齒修復(fù)系統(tǒng)之一[2]。本研究中,筆者選取全口牙列缺失患者,采用BPS全口義齒和傳統(tǒng)全口義齒進(jìn)行修復(fù),然后檢測兩種義齒的咀嚼效率,分析患者咀嚼功能的恢復(fù)情況,并將修復(fù)效果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。
1 ?資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:選取2018年8月-2019年3月在筆者醫(yī)院就診的全口牙列缺失患者共60例,年齡60~85歲, 平均年齡72.5歲。根據(jù)Atwood和Cawood[3]分類中的第1類及第4類,將患者分為兩組,即牙槽嵴正常組和牙槽嵴低平組, 每組30例患者, 再將每組分為BPS全口義齒修復(fù)組和傳統(tǒng)全口義齒修復(fù)組, 每組15例患者。所有臨床操作指定一名高級(jí)職稱醫(yī)師完成, 技工操作則由一名主管技師完成。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 BPS全口義齒修復(fù)組:選擇硅橡膠印模材料、二次印模法制取初印模。利用息止頜位法, 確定患者的垂直距離,再選擇BPS制作套件中的正中頜托盤和硅橡膠印模材料取得正中咬合狀態(tài)下的頜位關(guān)系,交由技工室上牙合架,以光固化樹脂材料制作個(gè)別托盤。返回臨床后,選擇硅橡膠材料制取閉口功能性印模, 應(yīng)用面弓轉(zhuǎn)移上頜對(duì)顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)的位置關(guān)系,選用哥特式弓獲得患者正確的咬合關(guān)系,在技工制作中心應(yīng)用全可調(diào)式牙合架完成排牙、調(diào)牙合,制作出全口義齒蠟型,患者試戴滿意后注塑加工完成, 臨床初戴[4-8]。過程見圖1~2。
1.2.2 傳統(tǒng)全口義齒修復(fù)組:選擇硅橡膠印模材料、兩次印模法完成印模的制取, 常規(guī)完成蠟堤的制作, 利用息止頜位法確定患者的垂直距離、吞咽法確定水平頜位關(guān)系,交由技工室進(jìn)行上牙合架、排牙、調(diào)牙合及制作蠟型, 返回臨床患者試戴滿意無誤后再進(jìn)行注塑加工完成, 最后進(jìn)行臨床初戴[9-13]。
1.3 評(píng)價(jià)方法
1.3.1 壓痛點(diǎn)的觀察:囑患者臨床初戴義齒3d后復(fù)診,進(jìn)行黏膜壓痛點(diǎn)的觀察與記錄[14],統(tǒng)計(jì)上下頜義齒的壓痛點(diǎn)數(shù)量。
1.3.2 咀嚼效率評(píng)價(jià):全口義齒修復(fù)1個(gè)月后,囑患者復(fù)診,進(jìn)行全口義齒咀嚼效率的測定。稱取5g去皮干花生米,囑患者咀嚼,3s后收集義齒表面及口腔內(nèi)咀嚼物, 再?zèng)_洗義齒表面及口內(nèi)黏膜,將收集到的咀嚼物及沖洗液置入燒杯,加蒸餾水至1 000ml,攪拌1min后靜置2min。吸取量筒中上1/3懸濁液于比色皿中,利用722型分光光度儀,以蒸餾水為對(duì)照, 590nm波長下測試[15-19],見圖3。
1.3.3 治療效果評(píng)價(jià):全口義齒修復(fù)3個(gè)月后囑患者復(fù)查, 邀請(qǐng)患者對(duì)義齒的整體修復(fù)效果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià), 將評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)分為滿意和不滿意[20]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:采用SPSS 12.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析, 采用卡方檢驗(yàn)分析患者的主觀評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果, 采用t檢驗(yàn)分析壓痛點(diǎn)的數(shù)量及義齒的咀嚼效率,P<0.05具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 壓痛點(diǎn)的數(shù)量:患者臨床初戴義齒3d后復(fù)查,在牙槽嵴正常組,BPS全口義齒組平均壓痛點(diǎn)為0.5個(gè),傳統(tǒng)全口義齒組平均為2.1個(gè),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;在牙槽嵴低平組,BPS全口義齒組平均壓痛點(diǎn)為1.6個(gè),傳統(tǒng)全口義齒組平均為4.7個(gè),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.2 咀嚼效率的測定:全口義齒修復(fù)1個(gè)月后,在牙槽嵴正常組, BPS組和傳統(tǒng)組吸光度值的差異沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05), 即在牙槽嵴正常的無牙頜患者,兩種全口義齒都能較好地恢復(fù)咀嚼功能;但在牙槽嵴低平組, BPS組的吸光度值明顯高于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說明針對(duì)牙槽嵴低平的患者,BPS全口義齒相較于傳統(tǒng)全口義齒能更好地恢復(fù)患者的咀嚼功能,見表1。
2.3 治療效果評(píng)價(jià):經(jīng)卡方檢驗(yàn), 在牙槽嵴正常組中,BPS組和傳統(tǒng)全口義齒組的患者滿意率比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);在牙槽嵴低平組中, 患者對(duì)BPS全口義齒與傳統(tǒng)全口義齒治療情況的評(píng)價(jià)存在顯著性差異(P<0.05),BPS全口義齒組的患者滿意率高于傳統(tǒng)全口義齒組,見表2。
3 ?討論
3.1 BPS生物功能性全口義齒的優(yōu)勢:傳統(tǒng)方法制作全口義齒時(shí),多采用開口式印模法取模,唇頰舌側(cè)邊緣黏膜及系帶等軟組織難以充分主動(dòng)整塑,基托邊緣伸展不理想,導(dǎo)致義齒修復(fù)后固位差,且易出現(xiàn)黏膜疼痛、潰瘍等,從而使整體修復(fù)效果欠佳。而BPS法制作全口義齒時(shí),多采用閉口式印模法,印模的精確性更高,尤其針對(duì)牙槽嵴嚴(yán)重萎縮、低平的無牙頜患者,唇頰舌溝等軟組織處可獲得更好的整塑,從而明顯提高全口義齒的固位效果[21-24]。此外,BPS法制作全口義齒時(shí)的頜位關(guān)系記錄與轉(zhuǎn)移、試牙、義齒初戴等臨床操作及義齒蠟型制作、裝盒等技術(shù)室操作也都與常規(guī)全口義齒制作方法不同,整個(gè)加工過程更精確[25-28]。Verhaeghe[29]等研究指出,針對(duì)那些牙槽骨吸收明顯的患者,尤其下頜后牙區(qū)吸收呈現(xiàn)刃狀牙槽嵴時(shí),若按照傳統(tǒng)方法制作全口義齒,在義齒固位力、穩(wěn)定性等方面可能難以達(dá)到理想的要求,且受力后易出現(xiàn)黏膜疼痛、咀嚼效率低的情況,影響患者的使用。按照BPS法制作全口義齒,可適當(dāng)解決以上問題,改善患者義齒使用效果。從本研究中BPS組患者修復(fù)后的效果可見,應(yīng)用BPS法全口義齒修復(fù)后,患者的使用體驗(yàn)較好,對(duì)修復(fù)效果也非常滿意,對(duì)今后的臨床工作有很好的指導(dǎo)意義。
3.2 臨床患者的選擇上需注意的問題:在BPS組,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)有些患者因年紀(jì)較大,在配合醫(yī)師操作方面略顯吃力,在第二次就診利用哥特式弓描記時(shí),理解能力略差,使臨床操作時(shí)間較長,對(duì)身體狀況差的患者而言,整個(gè)臨床過程配合下來較為疲憊,對(duì)后期義齒制作的效果也有所影響。這也提醒大家今后在患者選擇方面,在可能的情況下,應(yīng)盡量兼顧到患者的理解力和身體狀況,使臨床修復(fù)效果更佳。
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[收稿日期]2019-09-27
本文引用格式:賈爽,葉榮榮,王德芳,等.生物功能性全口義齒修復(fù)牙列缺失的臨床療效評(píng)估[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2020,29(3):119-122.