李璐

難詞探意

1. hemisphere n. 半球

2. demise n. 消亡;終止

3. titan n. 巨人;巨頭

4. garish adj. 花哨的;耀眼的

5. outfit n. 全套服裝

6. snarky adj. 諷刺挖苦的

7. scruffy adj. 邋遢的;臟亂的

8. metabolic adj. 新陳代謝的

9. empowerment n. 授權(quán)

10. femininity n. 女子氣質(zhì)

11. prudish adj. 迂腐守舊的

12. sartorial adj. 衣著的;服裝的

原文復現(xiàn)

Summers approaching in the northern hemisphere brings with it a dilemma that plagues every office worker. What does a casual dress code mean in practice？ The happy medium between looking like Kim Kardashian and Hagrid the giant is hard to pin down. Goldman Sachs has just implemented a “flexible dress code” although the executive memo noted that “casual dress is not appropriate every day”.

①For men， the move to casual dress seems entirely positive. ②Few people will mourn the demise of the tie， a functionally useless garment that constricted male necks for a century. ③The tie became standard office wear from the 1920s. ④In the 1990s ties started to go out of fashion because technology titans and hedge?fund managers refused to wear them—and were rich enough to ignore social convention. ⑤Once， when Mark Zuckerberg， the founder of Facebook， was to meet a venture capitalist， he turned up wearing his pyjamas.

On days without meetings， men can slob out in T?shirts （though not too garish） and jeans， and no one will think the worse of them. Arriving in shorts or without socks is another matter entirely. But dressing in the morning is quick and easy. Steve Jobs was famous for wearing the same outfit—black polo neck， jeans and trainers—every day.

But what works well for men does not translate as easily to women. Karl Stefanovic， an Australian television presenter， wore the same blue suit every day for a year and no one noticed. By contrast， his female co?presenters received constant remarks on their appearance. Even the Duchess of Cambridge， Kate Middleton， gets snarky comments when she wears the same clothes twice.

Womens workwear seems to have become less formal over time. But many women worry that they will be judged as unprofessional （unlike their male colleagues） if their clothes are deemed to be too scruffy， or too revealing. It can also be hard to choose clothes that are suitable for both indoors and out. Air?conditioning systems in offices are often designed to suit the male metabolic rate， which can cope with colder temperatures than the female body. The result may be that women have to bring an extra layer to wear in the building.

As for formal meetings， while men have abandoned the tie， many women feel obliged to wear high heels. These give some women a sense of empowerment and femininity （not to mention extra height）. But in health terms， heels can seem like the Western equivalent of the ancient Chinese practice of foot?binding—bad for womens feet， ankles and backs and designed to limit their mobility.

Companies understandably want workers who deal with the public to look respectable. Workers shouldnt wear clothes that wouldnt be appropriate if visiting a prudish grandmother or a childs teacher. And yet no one should be expected to turn up at the office as if dressed for a wedding. The most important item to bring to work is a dose of sartorial common sense.

—From The Economist

閱讀檢測

1. The underlined word in paragraph 1 can be replaced by? ? ? ? ? ? .

A. troubles B. satisfies C. disappoints D. controls

2. Why did ties become out of fashion in the 1990s？

A. Most male workers cant afford to buy ties.

B. Rich people began ignoring the social convention.

C. Managers from large companies forbade wearing ties.

D. Mark Zuckerberg advocated casual and comfortable dress.

3. Which of the statements does the author probably agree with？

A. It is unfair for women to wear high heels.

B. It is necessary for workers to wear ties.

C. Workers tend to dress casually in summer.

D. People should dress depend on different occasions.

探究視角①語篇分析

著裝對于許多職業(yè)來說是一個很重要的因素，尤其是在現(xiàn)代社會。隨著夏季的來臨，許多公司規(guī)定可以由嚴肅笨重的職業(yè)裝轉(zhuǎn)向靈活的便裝。但對女性來說，這些似乎沒那么容易了，不重復著裝和在正式會議上穿高跟鞋似乎成了她們的一種義務。

探究視角②語言學習

Ⅰ. 難句分析

1. Once， when Mark Zuckerberg， the founder of Facebook， was to meet a venture capitalist， he turned up wearing his pyjamas.

本句中的the founder of Facebook作時間狀語從句中Mark Zuckerberg的同位語，修飾從句主語。when引導時間狀語從句，主句是“he turned up wearing his pyjamas”。

2. Workers shouldnt wear clothes that wouldnt be appropriate if visiting a prudish grandmother or a childs teacher.

本句為主從復合句，“Workers shouldnt wear clothes”為主句，that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞clothes，if 引導條件狀語從句。

Ⅱ. 寫作推薦

Womens workwear seems to have become less formal over time. 隨著時間的推移，女性的工作服似乎變得不那么正式了。

【信息提取】over time 意為“隨著時間的流逝”，常伴隨完成時態(tài)的使用。

【句式仿寫】隨著時間的流逝，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。

探究視角③文化拓展

TOP 著裝原則

TOP是三個英語單詞的縮寫，它們分別代表時間（Time）、目的（Object）和地點（Place），即著裝應該與當時的時間、所處的目的和地點相協(xié)調(diào)。

時間原則

不同時段的著裝規(guī)則對女士尤其重要。而她們的著裝則要隨時間而變換。白天工作時，女士應穿著正式套裝，以體現(xiàn)專業(yè)性;晚上出席雞尾酒會就須多加一些修飾，如換一雙高跟鞋，戴上有光澤的佩飾，圍一條漂亮的絲巾;服裝的選擇還要適合季節(jié)氣候特點，保持與潮流大勢同步。

目的原則

衣著要與目的協(xié)調(diào)。與顧客會談、參加正式會議等，衣著應莊重考究;聽音樂會或看芭蕾舞，則應按慣例著正裝;出席正式宴會時，則應穿中國的傳統(tǒng)旗袍或西方的長裙晚禮服;而在朋友聚會、郊游等場合，著裝應輕便舒適。試想一下，如果大家都穿便裝，你卻穿禮服就有欠輕松;同樣地，如果以便裝出席正式宴會，不但是對宴會主人的不尊重，也會令自己頗覺尷尬。

地點原則

在自己家里接待客人，可以穿著舒適但整潔的休閑服;如果是去公司或單位拜訪，穿職業(yè)套裝會顯得專業(yè);外出時要顧及當?shù)氐膫鹘y(tǒng)和風俗習慣，如去教堂或寺廟等場所，不能穿過露或過短的服裝。

參考譯文

北半球夏季的到來帶來了一個難題，這個難題困擾著每一位上班族。休閑的著裝實際上意味著什么呢？既像金·卡戴珊這樣前衛(wèi)，又像巨人海格一樣隨意的折中方案很難確定。高盛集團剛剛實施了一項“靈活著裝規(guī)定”，雖然執(zhí)行備忘錄籠統(tǒng)地提到“休閑著裝并不適合每天穿”。

對男性而言，轉(zhuǎn)向休閑裝似乎是非常積極的。幾乎沒有人會為領(lǐng)帶的消亡而哀悼，一個世紀以來，領(lǐng)帶一直束縛著男性的脖子，在功能上毫無用處。自20世紀20年代起，領(lǐng)帶變成了標準的辦公室著裝。20世紀90年代，領(lǐng)帶開始不再流行，因為科技巨頭和對沖基金經(jīng)理拒絕打領(lǐng)帶——并且他們的財富足以讓他們忽視社會公約。有一次，臉書創(chuàng)始人馬克·扎克伯格要會見一名風險資本家，他穿著睡衣就來了。

不開會的時候，男性可以穿T恤（雖然不能太花哨）和牛仔褲，沒人會認為他們很糟糕。穿短褲或不穿襪子則完全是另一回事。但是早上穿這些衣服又快又容易。史蒂夫·喬布斯以每天穿同樣的衣服而聞名——黑色圓高翻領(lǐng)衫、牛仔褲和運動鞋。

適合男性的服裝卻不太適合女性。澳大利亞電視節(jié)目主持人卡爾·斯特凡諾維奇一年來每天都穿同樣的藍色套裝，但沒有人注意到。相比之下，他的女同事們則不斷收到關(guān)于她們外表的評論。就連劍橋公爵夫人凱特·米德爾頓也會因為兩次穿同一件衣服而受到尖刻的批評。

隨著時間的推移，女性的職業(yè)裝似乎變得不那么正式了。但是，許多女性擔心如果她們的衣服被認為太過邋遢或太暴露，自己會被認為不夠?qū)I(yè)（和她們的男同事不同）。要挑選既適合室內(nèi)又適合戶外的衣服也很困難。辦公室的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)通常是為適應男性的新陳代謝率而設(shè)計的，相比女性，男性可以應對更低的溫度。結(jié)果可能是，女性不得不在大樓里多穿一件外套。

至于正式的會議，雖然男性已經(jīng)不再打領(lǐng)帶了，但許多女性覺得有必要穿高跟鞋。高跟鞋給了一些女性一種賦權(quán)感和女性氣質(zhì)（更不用說更高的身高了）。但就健康而言，高跟鞋就像是古代中國裹腳布的西方版本——對女性的腳跟、腳踝和背都不好，還會限制她們的行動。

公司希望和公眾打交道的員工看起來體面，這是可以理解的。在拜訪守舊的祖母或孩子的老師時，員工們不應該穿著不合時宜的服裝。但任何人都不應該穿出席婚禮的衣服現(xiàn)身辦公室。上班時需要攜帶的最重要的物品是一劑著裝常識。