建筑設(shè)計(jì)：AGi建筑師事務(wù)所

醫(yī)療建筑常被認(rèn)為是帶有消極含義的空間，需要患者長(zhǎng)期留院的康復(fù)中心更是如此。因此，在設(shè)計(jì)希沙姆·A·阿爾薩格心臟康復(fù)中心的過(guò)程中，我們努力嘗試改變這一觀念，打造一個(gè)具有積極含義的空間——一座可作為社會(huì)活動(dòng)中心的醫(yī)療中心。

為了達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)，首先需要考慮的是大樓外觀（包括它的體量及其材質(zhì)），它是病人、醫(yī)療中心與環(huán)境之間的第一個(gè)連接點(diǎn)。AGi 建筑師事務(wù)所沒(méi)有將該建筑的整體體量視為單純的功能容器，取而代之的是一種在形式上類似于社會(huì)文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的方案。外立面上棱角分明的大體塊擁有兩處紅色的大型開(kāi)口，迎接著訪客的到來(lái)并暗示出他們將在里面發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。石砌立面在科威特惡劣的氣候里提供著必要的保護(hù)，確保以較少的維護(hù)來(lái)保持較高的可持續(xù)性能。

該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)采用了心臟的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)及其在整個(gè)人體中的機(jī)制理念。心臟是這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的核心肌肉，向其他器官與細(xì)胞輸送血液和營(yíng)養(yǎng)。該項(xiàng)目的中庭即為心臟——一個(gè)3 層樓高的紅色空間用于等候區(qū)與交通流線。多座庭院為龐大的建筑空間帶來(lái)了自然光，與同類型建筑的較小房間形成鮮明的對(duì)比?；颊擢q如紅細(xì)胞般在這個(gè)中央空間（光與生命的來(lái)源）來(lái)來(lái)回回，由診室及不同的科室接收，于再次充滿氧氣后放回循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。心血管藥物是其基礎(chǔ)，更是用來(lái)編寫建筑語(yǔ)言的工具美學(xué)，使我們能夠換位思考，構(gòu)想出一種不同的醫(yī)療建筑——充分考慮用戶（患者與工作人員）的特定需求，盡量讓他們?cè)卺t(yī)院時(shí)感到舒適。

診室位于大樓的南部，共分為3 層，被布置成專屬的小型自我管理式“細(xì)胞”（由一位醫(yī)生及其團(tuán)隊(duì)管理），設(shè)有3 個(gè)空間：兩間檢查室與一間咨詢室及其等候區(qū)。每個(gè)“細(xì)胞”均位于庭院之間，為所有房間提供自然光、通風(fēng)與私密性。患者和工作人員從不同的通道進(jìn)入診所，以提高流通效率。

專業(yè)的康復(fù)區(qū)（游泳池、健身房、跑道等）、研究服務(wù)與行政服務(wù)被巧妙地安置在大樓的北邊，讓其面朝科威特海灘，擁有壯觀的海景和明亮的光線。在樓內(nèi)，主要的體育活動(dòng)空間為雙倍層高，以便在立面展現(xiàn)效果并為使用體驗(yàn)“制氧”?！酰ㄍ鯁螁?譯）

1 外景/Exterior view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Khaled A.Alsager

類型/Type: Health

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Nasser B.Abulhasan,Joaquín Pérez-Goicoechea

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Project Leaders: Bruno Gomes, Hanan Alkouh

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: Nima Haghighatpour, Stefania Rendinelli, Juande Jimenez, Alfredo Carrato, Ana López Cerrato, Sara Abu Saleh, Ali Alyousifi

1）建立和完善節(jié)能管理制度。2011年、2013年、2015年中國(guó)海油對(duì)節(jié)能管理制度進(jìn)行了多次修訂，使制度結(jié)構(gòu)更加清晰，內(nèi)容更加完善，引導(dǎo)所屬企業(yè)節(jié)能管理走精細(xì)化、科學(xué)化和全員參與的道路，真正發(fā)揮出節(jié)能作為轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)、提升質(zhì)量效益的重要推動(dòng)作用。

面積/Area: 15,000m2

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2015

攝影/Photos: Nelson Garrido

2 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

3 外景/Exterior view

Medical buildings are usually perceived as spaces with negative connotations, specifically when referring to rehabilitation centres where patients stay for long periods of time.Therefore, in the design process of the Hisham A.Alsager Cardiac Centre, our aim was to change this perception and to build a positive space, one that is able to act as a hub for social activity, rather than just a medical centre.

At this point, the first element to consider was the exterior of the building (including the volume and its materiality) as it is the first connection point between the patient, medical centre and the environment.Instead of treating the general volume as a mere container of functions, AGi architects developed a proposal that is formally similar to one of social and cultural infrastructure.A sharp volume that contains two large red openings in the fa?ade,these invite access to the building and suggests to the visitor what they will find inside.The stone clad fa?ade provides the necessary protection for the harsh weather of Kuwait and ensures a highly sustainable performance with low maintenance.

The anatomic scheme of the heart and its mechanism within the whole human body was used for the design of the project.The heart is the central muscle of the system, which pumps blood to nourish the rest of organs and cells within it.The heart is present in the design of the central atrium:a three-storey high red coloured space onto which the waiting areas and circulations open to.Several courtyards provide the space with natural light to experience the spacious architecture, in contrast with smaller rooms that are usually found in this kind of buildings.Patients move to and from this central space (the source of light and life), as red blood cells do, and are received in the clinics and different departments to be put back in the circulatory system once re-oxygenated.Cardiovascular medicine,its basis, and even the aesthetic of its tools have been used to write an architectural script that allows us to propose a different kind of healthcare building, with an experiential attitude, that takes into account the specific needs of users (patients and workers) in trying to making their stay in the hospital as easier as possible.

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 二層平面/First floor plan

6 三層平面/Second floor plan

7 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Clinics, grouped in three levels at the south part of the building, are disposed as small specialised selfmanaged cells (managed by one doctor and his team),and have three spaces: two exam rooms and one consult office, with their own waiting area.Each "cell"is organized between courtyards, providing all rooms with natural light, ventilation, and privacy for each one.Patients and workers access to the clinics from different ways to improve circulatory efficiency.

8 外景/Exterior view

9 基礎(chǔ)單位方案/Base unit scheme

10 夜景/Night view

評(píng)論

青鋒：這個(gè)項(xiàng)目最有趣的地方，是設(shè)計(jì)者將整個(gè)建筑的運(yùn)作與流線與人的身體進(jìn)行類比。在《詞語(yǔ)與建筑》中阿德里安·福蒂教授曾經(jīng)簡(jiǎn)要梳理了血液流動(dòng)的概念，如何滲入建筑學(xué)理論體系之中，成為建筑話語(yǔ)“科學(xué)化”的重要途徑。不過(guò)，在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，作者想要傳達(dá)的并不是一種科學(xué)性，而是對(duì)生命活力的比喻。效率和秩序都不是特別重要，感同身受反而是關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。即使在這樣一個(gè)并不顯著的建筑中，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)建筑思想的演變也會(huì)得到折射。建筑師的成熟，體現(xiàn)在對(duì)隱喻的從容駕馭。勒杜與他的同伴們所倡導(dǎo)的“會(huì)說(shuō)話的建筑”并不一定會(huì)顯得嘈雜和粗魯，它也可以含蓄和平靜，就像這個(gè)康復(fù)中心一樣。

魯塔·萊塔奈特：人們生病時(shí)，醫(yī)療幫助固然重要，心理健康其實(shí)也發(fā)揮著同樣重要的作用，而環(huán)境因素在這方面起到的作用毋庸置疑。住院本身已經(jīng)夠讓人有壓力的了，如果能夠讓人盡量放松下來(lái)當(dāng)然再好不過(guò)，而這正是這個(gè)醫(yī)療中心希望能為客戶提供的環(huán)境。這里并不僅限于醫(yī)療，康復(fù)也是其服務(wù)的一部分。借助基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和建筑設(shè)計(jì)，在這里住院是可以忍受的，甚至可以說(shuō)是愉快的。

我們從20世紀(jì)繼承的灰白色調(diào)的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)院設(shè)計(jì)看起來(lái)死氣沉沉甚至有點(diǎn)恐怖，這種設(shè)計(jì)不僅是理念問(wèn)題，更多地是受限于有限的資金。很明顯在這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)中預(yù)算不是問(wèn)題，足夠設(shè)計(jì)師做出有質(zhì)感的建筑設(shè)計(jì)，而最終的結(jié)果顯然也是物盡其用了。

仿照心臟的設(shè)計(jì)雖然是很好的品牌宣傳，但并沒(méi)有為它非常普通的功能設(shè)計(jì)增添什么新意。盡管如此，功能齊全的設(shè)計(jì)不僅為病人，也為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在這里工作的員工營(yíng)造了舒適的環(huán)境，使他們可以在工作的同時(shí)得到放松和休息。（錢芳 譯）

11-14 內(nèi)景/Interior views

Comments

QING Feng: The most fascinating part of this project is the analogy drawn by the architect between the operation as well as flow lines of the entire building with the human body.In Words and Buildings, Professor Adrian Forty once briefly combed the concept of blood circulation, and how it penetrated into the theoretical system of architecture, becoming an important way to "scientify" the architectural discourse.However, in this project, what the architect wants to convey is not a scientific nature, but a metaphor for the vitality of life.Neither efficiency nor order is particularly important,but empathy is the focus of attention.Even in such an insignificant building, the evolution of architectural thinking over the centuries could be refracted.The maturity of the architect is reflected in the skillful control of metaphor.The "Architecture Parlante" (the term coming from French language meaning "talking architecture") advocated by Ledoux and his companions does not necessarily appear noisy and rude.Instead, it can also be subtle and calm, just like this rehabilitation centre.(Translated by XU Ziyi)

Rūta Leitanait?: When you are ill it's not only the medical help that counts.Psychological wellbeing is essential too, and the environment contributes to it undoubtedly.Being hospitalised is a stress itself, therefore as much comfort as possible is a priority.This is what the clinic provides to its clients.The stay at the clinic is not limited to the medical care: rehabilitation is a part of the service.The infrastructure and architectural design allows to make this experience bearable if not even pleasant.

The tradition of grey and white, uninspiring and even terrifying hospitals, that we have as a legacy from the 20th century is the outcome not only of ideology,but mostly of the limited finances.Here, obviously, the budget was generous enough to create architectural quality, and this possibility had been used in a smart way.

The metaphor of a heart, that is a nice story for branding, haven't brought many novelties into the functional scheme that is quite ordinary.However, it is well organised, providing comfort not only for the patients, but also for the employees that spend lots of time here and need infrastructure not only for a proper work but also for rest.