周航 陳燁 劉漢龍 丁選明 申航
摘 要:樁板式擋土墻是山區(qū)道路工程建設(shè)中經(jīng)常采用的一種支擋結(jié)構(gòu),由于抵抗水平荷載的需要,傳統(tǒng)樁板式擋土墻結(jié)構(gòu)樁和板的尺寸通常做得較大,樁體的布置較密,不經(jīng)濟(jì)?;诖?,提出一種新的適用于山區(qū)道路的樁拱組合式擋土墻,利用拱結(jié)構(gòu)受壓性能較好的特點(diǎn),采用拱板代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的平板,拱板與樁基礎(chǔ)的上部連接,整體結(jié)構(gòu)可以通過(guò)裝配式或者現(xiàn)澆制作而成。基于土壓力和樁基水平承載力理論,分別建立拱板主動(dòng)土壓力計(jì)算模型和抗滑樁計(jì)算模型,利用拱板荷載傳遞給樁基的基本原理,建立樁拱擋土墻整體結(jié)構(gòu)的力學(xué)平衡方程,通過(guò)求解平衡方程獲得樁拱擋土墻整體結(jié)構(gòu)的極限承載力。通過(guò)參數(shù)分析,分別討論了不同的樁體幾何尺寸、拱板幾何尺寸以及土體參數(shù)對(duì)樁拱組合式擋土墻極限承載力的影響,結(jié)果表明,增加矩形截面的長(zhǎng)寬比、樁體嵌入深度、土體摩擦角等可以有效提高樁拱組合式擋土墻的極限荷載。
關(guān)鍵詞:擋土墻;理論模型;土壓力;極限荷載
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TU476 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):2096-6717(2020)01-0001-08
Abstract:Sheet-pile retaining wall is a very common retaining structure is widely used in construction of mountain road. However, in order to resist the lateral load, conventional sheet-pile retaining wall is of relatively large size, which is less economical. Under this condition, a new pile-arching retaining wall, which is suitable for mountain road construction, is proposed in this study. Considering that the arch structure is of good compression performance, the arching plate is used to replace the conventional plate structure, and the arch plate is connected with the pile foundation. The whole structure could be prefabricated or constructed in the way of cast-in-place. Based on the theories of earth pressure and lateral loaded pile, computational models were proposed for the active earth pressure of arch plate and the anti-slide pile. Then, the theoretical model was validated by comparing the predictions with the numerical results. Subsequently, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the influence of the geometric parameters of pile, geometric parameters of arch plate and the soil parameters on the limit load of the new pile-arching retaining wall structure. The results show that increase of ratio of length to width of the rectangular pile cross section, the embedded depth of pile as well as the friction angle of soil could effectively improve the limit load of pile-arching retaining wall structure.
Keywords:retaining wall; theoretical model; earth pressure; limit load
第1期
周航,等:樁拱組合式擋土墻及其簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)方法研究
山區(qū)道路由于地形、地質(zhì)復(fù)雜,不可避免地會(huì)形成高路塹、高路堤,其邊坡穩(wěn)定性直接影響道路的使用功能。此外,山區(qū)道路修建常會(huì)遇到結(jié)構(gòu)松散巖土體,極易產(chǎn)生山體滑坍地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,給交通安全留下隱患。擋土墻作為一種常用的支擋結(jié)構(gòu),廣泛應(yīng)用于山區(qū)道路工程中路堤、路塹邊坡的加固。工程中常用的擋土墻有重力式擋土墻[1-2]、衡重式擋土墻[3-4]、懸臂式擋土墻[5]、扶壁式擋土墻[6-7]、錨桿式擋土墻[8]、錨定板式擋土墻[9-10]、加筋土擋土墻[11-14]、土釘式擋墻[15-16]、樁板式擋土墻[17-20]等,另外,也有學(xué)者提出一些新穎的擋墻結(jié)構(gòu),如土砌體組合擋土墻[21]、纖維增強(qiáng)塑料土工格柵擋土墻[22]、椅式樁板擋土墻[23]、樹(shù)根樁擋土墻[24-25]、H形砌塊擋土墻[26]等。
傳統(tǒng)的重力式擋土墻、衡重式擋土墻、懸臂式擋土墻、扶壁式擋土墻、錨桿式擋土墻、錨定板式擋土墻只能適用于低路塹和路堤邊坡的情況,對(duì)于高路塹和高路堤的邊坡,不宜使用,而加筋擋土墻屬于柔性支擋結(jié)構(gòu),墻體變形較大,而且對(duì)墻厚填筑料的要求比較高,不經(jīng)濟(jì)。樁板式擋墻適用范圍較廣,主要用于表層土及強(qiáng)風(fēng)化層較薄的均勻巖石地基,擋土墻墻高可較大,因此,該支擋結(jié)構(gòu)非常適合用于山區(qū)道路邊坡加固。但是,傳統(tǒng)的樁板式結(jié)構(gòu)由于抵抗水平荷載的需要,樁和板的尺寸通常做得較大,樁體的布置較密,不經(jīng)濟(jì)。因此,筆者基于水利工程中常常采用的高拱壩結(jié)構(gòu)原理,提出一種用于山區(qū)道路的樁拱組合式擋土墻結(jié)構(gòu)(專(zhuān)利公開(kāi)號(hào):ZL201810122638.0)[27],將傳統(tǒng)的樁板擋土墻中的平板構(gòu)件換成拱板構(gòu)件,利用拱板受壓的優(yōu)勢(shì)大大減小了板件的厚度,節(jié)省了造價(jià),同時(shí),擋土墻的承載力不會(huì)降低。
主要針對(duì)樁拱組合式擋土墻這一新型支擋結(jié)構(gòu),開(kāi)展設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的研究,通過(guò)理論推導(dǎo),提出樁拱組合式擋土墻的簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法,為樁拱組合式擋土墻的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。
1 樁拱組合式擋土墻結(jié)構(gòu)形式
如圖1所示,樁拱組合式擋土墻主要有拱形擋板和抗滑樁組成,拱形擋板的弧線(xiàn)可以采用半圓,也可以采用圓弧,抗滑樁采用矩形截面樁。樁拱組合式擋土墻根據(jù)不同施工方法可以分為裝配式樁拱組合式擋土墻和現(xiàn)澆式樁拱組合式擋土墻兩種。對(duì)于裝配式樁拱組合式擋土墻,拱形擋板和矩形截面樁可以預(yù)制,預(yù)制矩形樁通過(guò)靜壓或者其他方式打入地基,預(yù)制拱板通過(guò)螺栓與預(yù)制矩形樁連接,拱板稍微嵌入土層即可?,F(xiàn)澆式樁拱組合式擋土墻拱形擋板和矩形截面樁通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)鉆孔灌注現(xiàn)澆而成,前者的施工速度較快,后者的整體性能更好,可以視現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)選擇不同的形式。
為了方便分析,定義矩形樁樁長(zhǎng)為H、樁體懸臂長(zhǎng)度為h,矩形樁體截面長(zhǎng)為a、寬為b,相鄰兩樁的間距為s,拱板的厚度為d,拱板的橫跨為2R(凈跨)。
2 理論模型
樁拱組合式擋土墻主要包含拱板和矩形截面抗滑樁兩部分,拱板的作用是將土壓力傳遞給抗滑樁,因此,理論模型需要分別考慮拱板的穩(wěn)定性以及抗滑樁的穩(wěn)定性。理論模型分為拱板主動(dòng)土壓力理論模型和抗滑樁受力理論模型。
4 結(jié)論與建議
提出一種適用于山區(qū)道路的新型樁拱組合式擋土墻結(jié)構(gòu)形式,并給出簡(jiǎn)化的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法,得到以下主要結(jié)論:
1)基于土壓力和樁基水平承載力理論,分別建立拱板主動(dòng)土壓力計(jì)算模型和抗滑樁計(jì)算模型,利用拱板荷載傳遞給樁基的基本原理,建立樁拱擋土墻整體結(jié)構(gòu)的力學(xué)平衡方程,通過(guò)求解平衡方程獲得樁拱擋土墻整體結(jié)構(gòu)的極限承載力計(jì)算公式。
2)通過(guò)參數(shù)分析,分別討論了不同的樁體幾何尺寸、拱板幾何尺寸以及土體參數(shù)? 對(duì)樁拱組合式擋土墻的極限承載力的影響,結(jié)果表明,增加矩形截面的長(zhǎng)寬比、樁體嵌入深度、土體摩擦角等可以有效提高樁拱組合式擋土墻的極限荷載。
3)未來(lái)可以考慮在以下幾個(gè)方面繼續(xù)開(kāi)展研究:開(kāi)展大比例模型試驗(yàn)或者現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)研究,進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)并細(xì)化本文的設(shè)計(jì)方法;開(kāi)展粘性土中樁拱組合式擋土墻結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定理論設(shè)計(jì)方法研究;開(kāi)展水流侵蝕(水毀)以及地震動(dòng)力荷載等條件下樁拱組合式擋土墻的穩(wěn)定性研究;開(kāi)展地震作用下樁拱連接處抗震性能設(shè)計(jì)研究(針對(duì)裝配式樁拱組合式擋土墻結(jié)構(gòu))。
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(編輯 王秀玲)