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工程合同譯評(17)FIDIC文本中“人身傷害和財產(chǎn)損害保險”條款

2020-02-17 12:57/
建筑 2020年9期
關鍵詞:履行合同括號承包商

文 / 李 健

前面我們討論了FIDIC1999 建造合同文本Conditions of Contract for Construction“18.2 工程和承包商設備保險”18.2 Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment 翻譯中的語言及法律問題。接下來,我們討論18.3 Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property,即:18.3 人身傷害和財產(chǎn)損害保險。

原文1:The insuring Party shall insure against each Party’s liability for any loss, damage, death or bodily injury which may occur to any physical property (except things insured Sub-Clause 18.2 [Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment]) or to any person (except persons insured under Sub-Clause 18.4[Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel]), which may arise out of the Contractor’s performance of the Contract and occurring before the issue of the Performance Certificate.

試譯:除18.2 款【工程和承包商設備保險】下已保險的物件以及18.4 款【承包商員工保險】下的人員之外,投保人應當為每一方辦理責任險,以彌補可能出現(xiàn)的任何有形財產(chǎn)或任何人員損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害,只要此類損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害可能由承包商履行合同而引起且發(fā)生在履約證書簽發(fā)之前。

點評:1.這里要求投保人為各方當事人(特別提示是建造合同當事人)辦理第三方責任險,即當任何一方當事人需要對第三方因施工所受損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害承擔責任時,投保人應當就此等責任辦理保險。

2.這段英文譯成順達的中文非常不易。此處引兩個不同文獻對這段英文的翻譯,以便讀者對照本文的試譯,感覺翻譯之難。其一,“保險當事人應對各方當事人負責的任何損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害保險,此類事宜可能發(fā)生在任何有形財產(chǎn)(不包括在第18.2 款【工程和承包商機具的保險】下保險的事宜)或發(fā)生在任何人員(不包括在第18.4 款【承包商員工的保險】下保險的人員),可能出現(xiàn)在承包商履行合同之外以及發(fā)生在履約證書簽發(fā)之前?!逼涠?,“應投保方應為可能由承包商履行合同引起、并在履約證書頒發(fā)之前發(fā)生的,任何物質財產(chǎn)(根據(jù)18.2 款【工程和承包商設備的保險】規(guī)定被保險的物品除外)的任何損失或損害,或任何人員(根據(jù)18.4 款【承包商人員的保險】規(guī)定被保險的人員除外)的任何死亡或傷害,辦理每方責任險?!?/p>

3.下面具體分析一下這段英文中的語言問題。首先,要辦的保險是責任險。insure against each Party’s liability,insure的賓語是liability,要辦的保險不是直接針對責任內(nèi)容的loss,damage, death or bodily injury。凡是翻譯成辦理損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害的保險,均屬錯誤。其次,我們應當注意兩個which 引導的定語從句,其性質是不同的。which may occur to any physical property (except things insured Sub-Clause 18.2 [Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment])or to any person (except persons insured under Sub-Clause 18.4 [Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel]),是限定性定語從句;which may arise out of the Contractor’s performance of the Contract and occurring before the issue of the Performance Certificate,則是非限定性定語從句。凡是不做區(qū)分地翻譯成中文的前置定語,則譯文顯得詰屈聱牙,或不做區(qū)分地翻譯成中文后置補充成分,則譯文文意顯得松散;兩者均不能體現(xiàn)英文原文限定性定語和非限定性定語的差異。其三,對括號內(nèi)內(nèi)容的處理。由于括號內(nèi)內(nèi)容較多,將括號前后本來聯(lián)系比較密切的內(nèi)容分開,意思中斷、松散,既不符合中文的書面表達,又不符合中文的口語表達。試譯直接將括號內(nèi)內(nèi)容提到句首,又鑒于其內(nèi)容屬于“除外”內(nèi)容,在文法地位上也是次要的,恰與括號的補充(非主要)功能相一致,這樣試譯譯文緊湊得多。綜合這三點,我們?nèi)サ舸我煞?,這段英文將變成—The insuring Party shall insure against each Party’s liability.此時,看起來要明了得多。

原文2:This insurance shall be for a limit per occurrence of not less than the amount stated in the Appendix to Tender, with no limit on the number of occurrences.If an amount is not stated in the Appendix to Tender, this Sub-Clause shall not apply.

試譯:對每次發(fā)生的保險事故,此保險的保險金額不得少于投標函附錄中規(guī)定的數(shù)額,但對事故發(fā)生次數(shù)并無限制。如果在投標函附錄中沒有注明此類金額,則本款將不適用。

點評:1.這是對每次發(fā)生人身傷害或財產(chǎn)損害時的保險金額最低限度的規(guī)定;但對發(fā)生人身傷害或財產(chǎn)損害的次數(shù)并無限制。

2.occurrence,在此語境中,是“發(fā)生”保險事故的意思,是動詞occur(出現(xiàn),發(fā)生)的名詞形式。所謂保險事故是指保險合同約定的保險責任范圍內(nèi)的事故。An insured event refers to an event falling within the scope of cover under the insurance contract.

3.這里對insurance 后接不同介詞表示的意義做一總結。

當表示所要保險的物件或人時,后接介詞for 或on,如insurance on the 100 tons of steel,18.2 款的標題Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment,18.4 款的Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel;

當表示投保的險別時,后接介詞against,如insurance against all risk/against liability,本文討論的18.3 款的標題18.3 Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property;

當表示保險金額時,后接介詞for,如insurance for 110%of the invoice value,這里是This insurance shall be for a limit …;

當表示保險費率時,后接介詞at,如insurance at the rate of 5%;

當表示向保險人投保時,后接介詞with,如insurance with the People’s Insurance Company of China。

原文3:Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions,the insurances specified in this Sub-Clause:

(a) shall be effected and maintained by the Contractor as insuring Party,

(b) shall be in the joint names of the Parties,

(c) shall be extended to cover liability for all loss and damage to the Employer’s property (except things insured under Sub-Clause 18.2) arising out of the Contractor’s performance of the Contract, and

(d) may however exclude liability to the extent that it arises from:

(i) the Employer’s right to have the Permanent Works executed on, over, under, in or through any land, and to occupy this land for the Permanent Works,

(ii) damage which is an unavoidable result of the Contractor’s obligations to execute the Works and remedy any defects, and

(iii) a cause listed in Sub-Clause 17.3 (Employer’s Risks),except to the extent that cover is available at commercially reasonable.

試譯:除非專用條款中另有規(guī)定,本款規(guī)定的保險:

(1)應當由承包商作為投保人辦理并使之保持有效;

(2)應當以合同雙方當事人聯(lián)合的名義投保;

(3)應當擴展到由承包商履行合同而導致的業(yè)主財產(chǎn)所有損失和損害的責任(18.2 款下已保險的物件除外);

(4)但可以不包括以下事項引起的責任:①業(yè)主在任何土地上面、上方、下面、里面、或穿過其間實施永久工程以及為永久工程占有該土地的權利,②承包商履行實施工程及修補缺陷義務所無法避免的損害性結果,③第17.3 款【業(yè)主的風險】所列的原因(但可以以商業(yè)上合理的條件得到的保險除外)。

點評:1.這里規(guī)定了保險由誰辦理、以誰的名義辦理、保險可擴展的范圍以及保險排除事項。

2.這段英文中to the extent that 這個短語出現(xiàn)了兩次,其意義是:在何種意義上,在何種程度上,在什么限度內(nèi),從什么方面來說。

3.雖然從合同自由上來說,本款的規(guī)定可以由專用條款的相反約定而排除,譬如約定保險范圍不擴展到由承包商履行合同而導致的業(yè)主財產(chǎn)所有損失和損害的責任,但從實踐來看,不建議承包商試圖做這種相反約定,這種對保險范圍的擴展,有利于承包商利益的穩(wěn)定預期,但卻無需增加多少保險費。

18.3 款討論完畢。FIDIC 1999 建造合同文本Conditions of Contract for Construction 保險條款還有18.4 款“承包商員工保險”的內(nèi)容,為展示保險條款全貌,這里將英文照錄如下,讀者可以自行探索。

18.4 Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel

The Contractor shall effect and maintain insurance against liability for claims, damages, losses and expenses (including legal fees and expenses) arising from injury, sickness, disease or death of any person employed by the Contractor or any other of the Contractor’s Personnel.

The Employer and the Engineer shall also be indemnified under the policy of insurance, except that this insurance may exclude losses and claims to the extent that they arise from any act or neglect of the Employer or of the Employer’s Personnel.

The insurance shall be maintained in full force and effect during the whole time that these personnel are assisting in the execution of the Works.For a Subcontractor’s employees,the insurance may be effected by the Subcontractor, but the Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with this Clause.

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