鄉(xiāng)村是人類文明的發(fā)源地，其獨特的景觀記錄了人類文明的演變過程。相較于城市，鄉(xiāng)村的自然生態(tài)受人類干擾強度較低，其保存完好的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)成為生物多樣性保護的重要基底。然而，在快速城鎮(zhèn)化的背景下，鄉(xiāng)村的生態(tài)、生活和生產(chǎn)空間不斷受到?jīng)_擊，自然原生的山川河流被污染，歷史悠久的民居祠堂被破壞，維持生存的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)空間被不斷蠶食。鄉(xiāng)村地域廣闊，直接影響著國土生態(tài)和人居環(huán)境的水平，為解決我國鄉(xiāng)村面臨的問題，十九大報告提出實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略“產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺、生態(tài)宜居、鄉(xiāng)風文明、治理有效、生活富裕”的總方針，實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略是建設(shè)美麗中國的關(guān)鍵舉措，鄉(xiāng)村是生態(tài)涵養(yǎng)的主體區(qū)，生態(tài)是鄉(xiāng)村最大的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢。為此，政府印發(fā)《農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治三年行動方案》《鄉(xiāng)村綠化美化工程實施方案》等系列政策文件，為鄉(xiāng)村生態(tài)保護研究和實踐提供了重要指引。

風景園林學作為引領(lǐng)綠色發(fā)展的重要支撐學科，在服務(wù)于鄉(xiāng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)和鄉(xiāng)村振興中應(yīng)該發(fā)揮重要作用。我們應(yīng)該認識到以下幾點：從空間布局來看，鄉(xiāng)村是國土空間規(guī)劃中具有戰(zhàn)略保障性和價值突出性的最重要組成部分；從構(gòu)成要素來看，鄉(xiāng)村是山水林田湖草和人居環(huán)境所有自然與人工資源要素的集合；從內(nèi)涵本質(zhì)來看，鄉(xiāng)村是自然生態(tài)、聚落環(huán)境、綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)和地域文化等形成的多層次復合系統(tǒng)。鄉(xiāng)村振興、生態(tài)宜居是關(guān)鍵。因此，我們應(yīng)該把鄉(xiāng)村振興放在美麗中國建設(shè)的核心位置。風景園林領(lǐng)域也應(yīng)發(fā)揮其學科優(yōu)勢、貢獻學科力量。為此，本期主題為“鄉(xiāng)村景觀與鄉(xiāng)村振興”，探索鄉(xiāng)村景觀研究體系，以期對中國鄉(xiāng)村振興和鄉(xiāng)村景觀的建設(shè)實踐提供指導。

本期主題文章回答了鄉(xiāng)村景觀和鄉(xiāng)村振興的3個核心問題：建設(shè)什么樣的鄉(xiāng)村景觀？如何建設(shè)鄉(xiāng)村景觀？誰來建設(shè)鄉(xiāng)村景觀？其中，《基于主導生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能識別的北京市鄉(xiāng)村景觀提升策略研究》一文基于北京城市設(shè)施興趣點(POI)和土地利用類型的解譯數(shù)據(jù)，利用核密度分析及鄰域分析的研究方法，識別北京各個鄉(xiāng)村鄰域緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)的主導生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能(Ecosystem Services，ES)，探索應(yīng)該建設(shè)什么樣的鄉(xiāng)村景觀。另有4篇文章從不同尺度探討了如何建設(shè)鄉(xiāng)村景觀。宏觀層面上，《新時代鄉(xiāng)村綠化美化的美學途徑與科學導則》和《轉(zhuǎn)譯與輸出——生態(tài)智慧在鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)中的應(yīng)用》都是從宏觀上提出鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)的途徑和模式，前者認為應(yīng)該傳承和發(fā)展中國鄉(xiāng)村傳統(tǒng)人居美學思想，結(jié)合鄉(xiāng)村的具體環(huán)境特點，構(gòu)筑具有鄉(xiāng)村特色的景觀。后者在總結(jié)實踐工作的基礎(chǔ)上提出“向鄉(xiāng)村學習-在地設(shè)計-觸媒激活”的鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)工作過程和模式。中觀層面上，《鄉(xiāng)村聚落景觀節(jié)約型設(shè)計策略探索》對鄉(xiāng)村的聚落景觀和建筑進行研究，提出以層級整合的空間結(jié)構(gòu)、節(jié)制適度的營造方言和過程培育的綠植范式三方面實現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村聚落景觀的節(jié)約型設(shè)計。微觀層面上，《場景·人物·精神——文化景觀視角下香格里拉傳統(tǒng)村落保護研究》對香格里拉地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)村落小街子村的保護建設(shè)實踐進行總結(jié)，建構(gòu)了“文化-空間-時間”的村落文化景觀多維分析框架。最后，《村民參與為主體的美麗鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境建設(shè)——以湖北紅安縣柏林寺村為例》則以專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的實踐為例，強調(diào)了在共同締造的理念下，村民應(yīng)該是鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)的重要主體之一。

中國有近70萬個行政村，在鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略背景下，風景園林學科面臨的機遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存。鄉(xiāng)村是風景園林參與國土空間規(guī)劃的重要領(lǐng)域，我們應(yīng)該積極探索生命共同體統(tǒng)籌治理的新途徑，拓展中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承的新載體，構(gòu)建中國美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的新篇章。

The countryside is the birthplace of human civilization,and its unique landscape has recorded the evolution of human civilization.Compared with cities,the natural ecology of countryside is less affected by human interference,and its well-preserved natural ecosystems have become an important basis for biodiversity protection.However,in the context of rapid urbanization,the ecology,living and production spaces of the countryside are constantly being impacted,the natural mountains and rivers are polluted,the historic ancestral halls are destroyed,and the agricultural production space that sustains them is constantly being eaten away.Rural areas account for more than 94% of China's total land area,which directly affects the level of land ecology and human settlements.In order to solve the problems faced by China's rural areas,the 19thCPC National Congress proposed the implementation of rural revitalization strategies:the general policy of "prosperous industry,ecological livability,rural civilization,effective governance,and affluent life",and implementing the strategy of revitalizing the countryside is a key measure for building a beautiful China.The countryside is the main area of ecological conservation,and ecology is the biggest development advantage of the countryside.To this end,the government issued a series of policy documents such as theThree-year Action Plan for Rural Human Settlement Environment Improvement and Implementation Plan for Rural Greening and Beautification Projects,which provided important guidelines for the study and practice of rural ecological protection.

As an important supporting discipline leading green development,landscape architecture should play an important role in serving rural ecological environment construction and rural revitalization.We should recognize the following points:from the perspective of the spatial layout,the countryside is the most important part of strategic land security and of outstanding value in the national spatial planning;from the perspective of the constituent elements,the countryside is the collection of all natural and artificial resource elements of forests,lakes,grasses,and human settlements;from the essence of connotation,the countryside is a multi-level composite system formed by natural ecology,settlement environment,green industry,regional culture,and so on.Ecological livability is key in revitalizing the countryside.Therefore,we should put rural rejuvenation at the core of the construction of beautiful China.The field of landscape architecture should also give play to its disciplinary advantage and contribute with its disciplinary strength.To this end,the theme of the first issue of 2020 is "Rural Landscape and Rural Revitalization",exploring the rural landscape research system,with a view to guiding the practice of rural revitalization and rural landscape construction in China.

This theme articles answer three core questions about rural landscape and rural revitalization:what kind of rural landscape to build,how to build the rural landscape,and who to build the rural landscape.Among them,Research on the Promotion Strategy of Rural Landscape in Beijing Based on the Identification of Dominant Ecosystem Serviceis based on the interpretation data of Beijing's POIs and land use types,using the research methods of nuclear density analysis and neighborhood analysis to identify the leading ecosystem services (ES) in the buffer zone of each rural neighborhood in Beijing,and explore what kind of rural landscape should be built.Another four articles explore the issue of how to build rural landscapes from different scales:on the macro level,bothStudy on the Aesthetic Approach and Scientific Guideline of Rural Greening and Beautification in the New EraandDecodeandEncode – Ecological Wisdom in Rural Developmentput forward the approach and model of rural landscape construction from a macro perspective.The former believes that the traditional rural human settlements aesthetic thoughts of China should be inherited and developed,and the specific environmental characteristics of the countryside should be combined to build a landscape with rural characteristics.The latter puts forward the rural construction work process and model of "learning from the countryside,local design and catalyst activation" based on the summary of practical work.On the meso level,Exploration on the Economical Design Strategy of Rural Settlementresearches rural settlement landscapes and architectures,and proposes to achieve rural settlements in three aspects:the spatial structure of hierarchical integration,the economical and moderate construction dialects,and the planting paradigms of process cultivation.On the micro level,

Scenes,People,and Spirit – Study on the Protection of Traditional Villages in Shangri-La from the Perspective of Cultural Landscapesummarizes the protection and construction practices of Xiaojiezi Village,a traditional village in Shangri-La,and builds the "culturespace-time" village cultural landscape multidimensional analysis framework.Finally,Villagers' Participation in the Construction of Beautiful Rural Environment – Taking Bolin Temple Village in Hong'an County,Hubei as the Exampletakes the practice in the professional field as the example and underscores the idea of co-creation,and villagers should be one of the important subjects of rural landscape construction.

There are nearly 700,000 administrative villages in China.In the context of the rural revitalization strategy,the opportunities and challenges of the landscape architecture discipline coexist.The countryside is an important area for the participation of landscape architecture in territorial space planning.We should actively explore new ways for the overall management of the community of life,expand the new carrier of Chinese excellent traditional culture,and build a new chapter in the construction of China's beautiful countryside.