孔清華 陳二影 于淑婷 楊延兵 秦嶺 黎飛飛 管延安

摘要：為了明確不同年代谷子品種的演變特點(diǎn)，為新品種選育提供依據(jù)，選用20世紀(jì)80年代至今華北夏谷區(qū)推廣的20個(gè)主栽谷子品種進(jìn)行大田試驗(yàn)，比較4個(gè)年代不同谷子品種的葉綠素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性等生理生化指標(biāo)，并分析酶活性與產(chǎn)量的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果表明：不同年代谷子品種旗葉、功能葉的葉綠素SPAD值均隨灌漿進(jìn)程呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì);旗葉、倒二葉、倒三葉的SPAD值變化均表現(xiàn)為1990s、2000s育成品種的SPAD值較高，1980s、2010s育成品種的SPAD值較低。華北夏谷區(qū)近30年來(lái)育成谷子品種的谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）與谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）活性均呈單峰曲線，前者酶活性最高時(shí)期為花后7天，后者為7天或14天;GS與GOGAT活性均表現(xiàn)為隨育成年代遞進(jìn)呈上升趨勢(shì)?？扇苄缘鞍缀吭诨ê?天到成熟期下降幅度從小到大依次是2010s、2000s、1990s、1980s，說(shuō)明改良過(guò)程中谷子植株內(nèi)各種酶源與代謝調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的降解速率降低?；ê?5天時(shí)GS活性與產(chǎn)量的相關(guān)性最高為-0.247，與產(chǎn)量呈負(fù)相關(guān)?；ê?天時(shí)的GOGAT活性與產(chǎn)量的相關(guān)性最高為0.455，且呈顯著正相關(guān)。研究結(jié)果顯示：更新育成的谷子品種旗葉中GS活性、GOGAT活性和可溶性蛋白含量變化對(duì)產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)生一定影響。因此，華北夏谷區(qū)育種應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)氮高效品種的選育。

關(guān)鍵詞：華北地區(qū);谷子品種;谷氨酰胺合成酶;谷氨酸合成酶;年代

中圖分類號(hào)：S515.01 ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào)：A ?文章編號(hào)：1001-4942（2019）08-0028-06

Abstract In order to clarify the evolution characteristics of foxtail millet varieties in different years and provide the reference for breeding new variety， 20 main foxtail millet varieties promoted in North China from 1980s were used in the field experiment. Their physiological and biochemical indexes such as chlorophyll content， soluble protein content， glutamine synthetase （GS） activity， glutamate synthase （GOGAT） activity were compared among four ages. Meanwhile， the correlation between enzyme activities and yield were analyzed. The results showed that the chlorophyll SPAD values of flag leaves and functional leaves of foxtail millet cultivars decreased with the grain filling process. The SPAD values of flag leaves， inverted two leaves and inverted three leaves of millet varieties bred in 1990s and 2000s were higher than those in 1980s and 2010s. The activities of glutamine synthetase （GS） and glutamate synthase （GOGAT） of different foxtail millet varieties in the recent 30 years changed as single-peak curves， and the highest activity of GS was at 7 days after flowering， and that of GOGAT was at 7 or 14 days after flowering. The activities of GS and GOGAT increased with the breed age delay. The descend amplitude of soluble protein content from the 7th day after anthesis to the mature period from small to large was in the order of 2010s， 2000s， 1990s and 1980s， which indicated that the degradation rate of various enzymes and metabolic regulators in foxtail millet plants decreased during the improvement process. At the 35th day after anthesis， the correlation between GS activity and yield was the highest and negative with the correlation coefficient as-0.247. There was a significant positive correlation between GOGAT activity and yield at the 7th day after anthesis， and the correction value was the highest as 0.455. The results showed that the changes of GS and GOGAT activities and soluble protein content in flag leaves of the foxtail millet cultivars bred in recent years had certain effects on improving yield. Therefore， the North China summer foxtail millet area should further strengthen the breeding of high-efficiency nitrogen vatiety.