許汝冰 張建功 宋紅昌 李錫宏 程海峰 郭利 蘇兆俊 呂先博 曹麗君 董小林
摘要?為了了解斜紋夜蛾在鄂西北煙草種植區(qū)的危害情況,選擇在襄陽(yáng)??禑焻^(qū)通過(guò)系統(tǒng)定點(diǎn)、不同海拔定點(diǎn)觀測(cè),了解斜紋夜蛾在煙田的發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,2017年煙田斜紋夜蛾初發(fā)期在5月10日,5月18日出現(xiàn)第1個(gè)發(fā)生高峰期,6月中旬出現(xiàn)第2個(gè)高峰期,在此期間發(fā)生量較低;7月出現(xiàn)第3個(gè)高峰期,8月中下旬為持續(xù)發(fā)生期。在海拔850、1?050、1?150?m斜紋夜蛾的發(fā)生規(guī)律基本相同,發(fā)生量隨海拔的升高而增加。該研究為實(shí)時(shí)防治煙田斜紋夜蛾成蟲(chóng)和測(cè)報(bào)蟲(chóng)害提供理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞?斜紋夜蛾;誘捕;發(fā)生規(guī)律
中圖分類號(hào)?S433.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼?A
文章編號(hào)?0517-6611(2019)16-0182-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.16.052
開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
Occurrence?Dynamics?of?Spodoptera?litura?in?Northwest?Hubei?Tobacco?Region
XU?Ru?bing1,ZHANG?Jian?gong2,SONG?Hong?chang3?et?al?(1.Hubei?Tobacco?Research?Institute,Wuhan,Hubei?430000;2.Yangzte?University,Jingzhou,Hubei?434000;3.Xiangyang?City?Tobacco?Company?Baokang?Branch,Xiangyang,Hubei?441600?)
Abstract?In?order?to?understand?the?rules?of?Spodoptera?litura?adult?dynamic?change?in?tobacco?planting?field?at?Northwest,?Hubei?Province,the?amount?of?Spodoptera?litura?adults?were?systematic?investigated?at?some?test?plots?in?tobacco?growing?area?of?Baokang,?Xiangyang?City.The?result?showed?that?in?2017,?the?first?occurrence?S.?lituraadult?in?tobacco?fields?was?May?10.The?amounts?of?adults?trapped?came?to?apeak?on?18?May?and?another?peak?was?occurred?in?mid?June.And?the?third?peak?occurred?throngh?July?5to?mid?late?August.But?there?was?less?amounts?of?adults?can?be?trapped?in?other?time?relatively.?The?amounts?of?adults?trapped?had?no?significant?difference?at?different?altitudes?(850,1?050?and?1?150?m?above?sea?level).?These?results?provided?a?theory?evidence?to?precast?and?control?S.litura?adults.
Key?words?Spodoptera?litura;Trap;Dynamic?change
斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera?litura?Fabricius)屬鱗翅目夜蛾科[1],又稱蓮紋夜蛾、夜盜蟲(chóng)、烏頭蟲(chóng)[2],是一種世界性分布的廣食性和暴發(fā)性農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲(chóng),已知寄主范圍多達(dá)99科290種以上[3]。斜紋夜蛾具有很強(qiáng)的繁殖力,平均每頭雌蟲(chóng)可產(chǎn)卵800?粒左右[4],其幼蟲(chóng)共6個(gè)齡期,3齡后時(shí)進(jìn)食量大增,危害較大,是煙草上重要的食葉害蟲(chóng)之一[5-6]。近年來(lái),由于全球氣候變暖以及作物布局的變化,斜紋夜蛾在各地發(fā)生的頻率明顯提高[7-8],呈上升趨勢(shì)[9]。鄂西北煙區(qū)緊鄰神農(nóng)架,屬秦巴山脈,地理環(huán)境條件復(fù)雜,煙區(qū)海拔跨度大,隨著氣候逐年變暖,種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步調(diào)整升級(jí),近年來(lái)斜紋夜蛾發(fā)生為害呈加重趨勢(shì)。往年大田系統(tǒng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),湖北省未見(jiàn)斜紋夜蛾幼蟲(chóng)和蛹安全過(guò)冬,分析應(yīng)屬遠(yuǎn)距離遷飛,煙田為害表現(xiàn)為隱蔽性、暴發(fā)性、毀滅性3個(gè)特點(diǎn)[10-12],故斜紋夜蛾成為鄂西北煙區(qū)主要害蟲(chóng)之一。為了掌握鄂西北煙區(qū)斜紋夜蛾的發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)律,筆者參考云南、湖南等地調(diào)查方法[6,13],以鄂西北主產(chǎn)煙區(qū)(??悼h)為試驗(yàn)點(diǎn),對(duì)煙田斜紋夜蛾成蟲(chóng)發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè),為實(shí)時(shí)控制斜紋夜蛾提供理論依據(jù)。