郭學(xué)友

嘻哈是一種重要的藝術(shù)形式，自誕生以來(lái)，嘻哈在時(shí)尚、語(yǔ)言、藝術(shù)、政治等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了廣泛的影響，也引起了一些爭(zhēng)議。

[海詞積累]

1.tracksuit n. （運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉或休閑時(shí)穿的）寬松衣褲;運(yùn)動(dòng)服

2.infiltrate v. 潛入;滲透

3.controversial adj. 有爭(zhēng)議的

4.momentum n. 動(dòng)力;推進(jìn)力

5.gangsta rap? 岡斯特說(shuō)唱樂(lè)（歌詞內(nèi)容通常與暴力、槍支、毒品和色情有關(guān)）

Since its early formation， the influence of hip hop on Western society is far?reaching and hip hop has been often referred to as a “culture”. It has a notable influence on fashion， art， language and Western society.

Fashion

Style and fashion has always been at the heart of hip?hop culture. Loose jeans， tracksuits， oversized jewelry and sneakers are all popular items of clothing that have been absorbed by mainstream fashion. Brands including Adidas， Nike and Tommy Hilfiger have played an important role in bringing hip?hop fashion to the masses.

Language

The whole expressions of hip hop have infiltrated mainstream culture. Words such as “phat” （cool）， “hood” （neighborhood） and “chill” （relax） have all entered everyday communication. The language of hip hop—or more specially its sub?genre rap—has also proved to be controversial. In particular， the word “nigga” used frequently by rappers is widely considered to be an offensive term but is commonly used in the rap genre.

Art

Graffiti（涂鴉） is strongly associated with hip?hop culture. The practice of graffiti gathered momentum in the Bronx during the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was often used by political activists to send messages or make statements. Since the 1990s， graffiti has become more widely accepted as a recognized art form worldwide with the success of British?born artist Banksy and French duo（二重奏） 123Klan. Commercially， large corporations such as Sony have used graffiti in marketing campaigns. Graffiti has also infiltrated the gaming community with games like SEGAs Jet Set Radio.

Controversy

Gangsta rap， a sub?genre of hip hop， has often been criticized for sexual images of women， guns and a gang lifestyle，which have hurt the genre. Artists such as Snoop Dogg， Eminem and Death Row Records founder Marion Suge Knight have all been criticized for promoting a culture of violence. Gangsta rap artists are considered to be highly negative role models for young black males. Images and lyrics（歌詞） promoting violence and sexism are also acknowledged to have had a negative effect on the perception of the young black male by the white community.

[Reading][Check]

What other influences of hip?hop music can you think of？

[Language][Study]

Complete the following phrases according to the text.

1.被當(dāng)成? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? be? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? to as

2.位于……的中心/核心? ? at the? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?of

3.對(duì)……有顯著的影響? ? have a notable influence

4.在……中起重要作用? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? an important role in

5.特別;尤其? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?particular

6.與……密切相關(guān)? ? ? ? be strongly? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?with

7.因……受到批評(píng)? ? ? ? be criticized