一、直接引語和間接引語：在陳述句中，直接引用說話人原來的語句，稱為直接引語。

在書寫時(shí)，直接引語用引號(hào)。用自己的詞語來轉(zhuǎn)述表達(dá)原來說話人說的內(nèi)容，稱為間接引語。

二、直接引語改變?yōu)殚g接引語：

1、直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下各點(diǎn)：

①不用引號(hào)，而用連接詞that，但有時(shí)可省略。

②人稱作相應(yīng)變化；

③主句里的動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)，間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)一般應(yīng)作相應(yīng)改變： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過去時(shí)；一般將來時(shí)變過去將來時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)；但一般過去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用，則時(shí)態(tài)不變。

如：He says, “I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA.

Mr smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’t seen you for a long time.”

→Mr smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.

2、直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，需用從屬連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，詞序要改變。如：Lin tao said to miss Green, “is it made in china?” →Lin tao asked miss Green if it was made in china.

3、直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，需用疑問詞引導(dǎo)，詞序是：連詞+主語+謂語。

如：Lucy said to me, “how can I help?” Lucy asked me how she could help.

4、直接引語如是祈使句，變間接引語時(shí)，須將祈使句變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前用tell，ask，order. 如：He said to the little boy,“ come here, young man!”

→He asked the little boy? to go there.

5、直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，指示代詞以及表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的詞或詞組應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化：