1. sound? vi.? 聽起來(lái)

n.? 聲音;聲響

sound可作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“聽起來(lái)”，后面接形容詞或分詞作表語(yǔ)，不能接副詞。

What he said sounds reasonable.

他說(shuō)的聽起來(lái)是有道理的。

She didnt sound surprised when I told her the news.

我把消息告訴她時(shí)，她好像并不感到驚訝。

比較：sound， voice和noise的區(qū)別

（1）sound作名詞時(shí)，意為“聲音;響聲”，統(tǒng)指人所聽到的任何聲音。a sound是“一種聲音”，sounds是“多種聲音”。

We heard sounds of laughter from the next room.

我們聽到隔壁房間傳來(lái)陣陣笑聲。

（2）voice特指人發(fā)出的聲音，指嗓音、說(shuō)話聲、歌唱聲。

She has a loud/high/charming voice.

她的嗓音很大/很高/很悅耳。

（3）noise指音量大而難聽的聲音。

Stop making so much noise！

別吵了！

2. pretty? adv.? 相當(dāng);很;非常

pretty 可以作副詞，也可以作形容詞。

（1）作副詞時(shí)，意為“頗;相當(dāng);十分;極;很”。習(xí)語(yǔ)：pretty much/well幾乎;差不多。

Im pretty sure Ill be going.

我相當(dāng)肯定我會(huì)去的。

Its pretty hard to explain.

這事很難解釋清楚。

（2）作形容詞時(shí)，意為“漂亮的;標(biāo)致的”，一般用于形容女子。

The pretty girl is very shy and always hides behind her mother.

這個(gè)漂亮的女孩很害羞，總是藏在她媽媽的后面。

You look so pretty in that dress.

你穿那條連衣裙真漂亮。

3. bother? vt. & vi.? 打擾;煩擾;麻煩

（1）bother with/about sth? 花費(fèi)精力、時(shí)間（做某事）

Its not worth bothering with an umbrella—the car is just outside.

不必打傘，汽車就在外面。

（2）bother sb about/with sth? 使某人煩惱;給某人造成麻煩

Im sorry that I have to bother you with this problem.

對(duì)不起，我不得不用這個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)麻煩你了。

（3）bother to do sth? 煩心/費(fèi)事做某事

He didnt even bother to say thank you.

他甚至沒有說(shuō)聲謝謝。

（4）在口語(yǔ)中，Dont bother主要用于謝絕對(duì)方主動(dòng)提出的善意幫助，意為“不用費(fèi)心、不用麻煩”。

—Shall I help you with the washing up？

要不要我?guī)湍阆赐耄?/p>

—Dont bother. Ill do it later.

不必麻煩了，我等一會(huì)兒洗。

4. approach? vt.? 接近，靠近

It is not allowed to approach the forbidden area.

這里是禁區(qū)，不許接近。

Few writers approach his richness of language.

他語(yǔ)言之豐富，很少有作家能望其項(xiàng)背。

5. afford? vt.? 買得起;有能力支付

afford直接跟名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can或be able to連用。

He can afford the apartment.

他能買得起這套住房。

We werent able to afford to buy such an expensive car at that time.

我們那時(shí)買不起這么昂貴的汽車。

6. exchange? vt.? 交換

（1）exchange sth （with sb）? （與某人）交換某物

Juliet and David exchanged glances.

朱麗葉和戴維相互看了看對(duì)方。

I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.

我與經(jīng)理握手，相互交談了幾句。

（2）exchange A for B? 用A去換B

You can exchange your current for dollars in the hotel.

你可以在旅館把你的錢兌換成美元。

May I exchange this for something？

我可以用這個(gè)換別的東西嗎？

exchangeable? adj.? 可交換的;可交易的;可兌換的

7. fortunate? adj.? 幸運(yùn)的;吉祥的

（1）be fortunate in? 在……方面很幸運(yùn)

He is fortunate in having such nice friends.

他真幸運(yùn)，有這樣好的朋友。

（2）be fortunate to do sth? 做某事很幸運(yùn)

You are very fortunate to have such a pleasant house.

你真幸運(yùn)，有這么好的房子。

（3）fortunate （for sb） that （對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）幸運(yùn)的是……

Its very fortunate that we have Emma here.

真幸運(yùn)，愛瑪和我們?cè)谝黄稹?/p>

fortune? n.? 財(cái)富;運(yùn)氣

unfortunate? adj.? 不幸的

fortunately? adv.? 幸運(yùn)地

8. attractive? adj.? 有吸引力的;吸引人的

be attractive to sb? ……對(duì)某人有吸引力

Her beauty is very attractive to him.

她的美貌對(duì)他很有吸引力。

I must say， its a very attractive offer.

我得說(shuō)，這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)很有吸引力。

attract? v.? 吸引;使喜愛;引起……好感

attraction? n.? 吸引（力）;有吸引力的人或物

9. survive? vi. & vt.? 死里逃生;大難不死;艱難度過(guò)

Of the six people injured in the plane crash， only two survived.

在飛機(jī)墜毀中受傷的六個(gè)人中，只有兩個(gè)人活了下來(lái)。

（1）survive from sth? 從……幸存下來(lái)

Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.

有些奇異的風(fēng)俗是從早年留存下來(lái)的。

（2）survive on? 靠……活下來(lái);靠……生活

I cant survive on ￡40 a week.

一個(gè)星期40英鎊，我無(wú)法維持生活。

（3）survive as? 作為……仍然存在

The main building was demolished， but the library still survive as a museum.

主樓被毀，但圖書館仍留存至今，用作了博物館。

10. contact? vt. & n.? 聯(lián)絡(luò);聯(lián)系某人

（1）contact sb? 聯(lián)絡(luò)、聯(lián)系某人

If you are free， please contact me.

如果你有空，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我。

Contact the police immediately.

立刻與警方聯(lián)絡(luò)。

（2）be in contact with? 和……有聯(lián)系

Have you been in contact with your sister recently？

最近你和你的姐姐有聯(lián)系嗎？

（3）be out of contact with? 和……沒有聯(lián)系

I have been out of contact with her for three years.

我和她失去聯(lián)系已有三年。

（4）lose contact with? 與……失去聯(lián)絡(luò)

In the World WarⅡ， too many friends lost contact with each other.

在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，許多朋友失去了聯(lián)系。

（5）stay/keep in contact with? 與……保持聯(lián)系

Though they havent seen each other for a long time， they still stay in contact with each other on the Internet.

盡管已很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒見面了，他們?nèi)栽诰W(wǎng)上保持聯(lián)系。

（6）make contact with? 與……取得聯(lián)系

They made contact with headquarters by radio.

他們用無(wú)線電跟總部取得了聯(lián)系。

（7）come into contact with? 與……接觸;碰見

There I came into contact with some artists.

在那兒我接觸了一些藝術(shù)家。

11. a number of? 許多;大量

比較：a number of，the number of，numbers of? 的區(qū)別

三者均修飾可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)別如下：

（1）a number of? 許多;大量（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）

A number of students have read this book.

很多學(xué)生都讀了這本書。

（2）the number of? ……的數(shù)目（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）

The number of giant pandas is growing.

大熊貓的數(shù)量在增加。

（3）numbers of? 很多（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）

Huge numbers of birds have flocked together by the lake.

成群的鳥聚集在湖畔。

12. a great many? 許多;大量

a great many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）

The young couple has travelled a great many cities since they got married.

這對(duì)年輕的夫婦自從結(jié)婚后已經(jīng)旅行了很多城市。

A great many students were sent to the West to help the children there.

大量學(xué)生被派往西部幫助那里的孩子。

比較：a great many和a great many of 的區(qū)別

（1）a great many后直接修飾名詞，名詞可以有修飾語(yǔ)。

a great many students/a great many young students

（2）a great many of 后主要接：

①代詞：a great many of them

②被冠詞修飾的名詞：a great many of the students

③被these， those修飾的名詞：a great many of these students

④被物主代詞修飾的名詞：a great many of my students

⑤被所有格修飾的名詞：a great many of Toms students

13. put up? 修建;建立;樹立

put up a building/fence/memorial/tent

蓋樓房 / 架籬笆 / 修紀(jì)念碑 / 搭帳篷

（1）慫恿;唆使

I cant believe hed do a thing like that on his own. He must have been put up to it by some of the older boys.

我不相信他會(huì)主動(dòng)干那種事，一定是有些年齡大的男孩子叫他干的。

（2）提升;使升高

She put her hair up.

她把頭發(fā)綰在頭上。

（3）提高;增加

My landlord is threatening to put the rent up by 10 a week.

我的房東要挾說(shuō)要把每周租金提高10英鎊。

（4）留某人住在家中

We can put you up for the night.

我們可以招待你過(guò)夜。

（5）（在戰(zhàn)斗、競(jìng)賽中）顯示;表現(xiàn)

They surrendered without putting up much of a fight.

他們沒怎么抵抗就投降了。

（6）推薦;提名

The Green Party hopes to put up a number of candidates in the General Election.

綠黨希望提出若干候選人參加大選。

（7）張貼;置……于明顯位置

put up a notice/a poster? 張貼通知 / 海報(bào)