張滿霞 吳雙慶
[摘要] 目的 分析糖尿病患者眼表指標(biāo)BUT、FL、SRI、SIt變化。 方法 選擇2018年1~6月本院收治的糖尿病患者50例為糖尿病組,另選擇同期健康體檢者50例為對(duì)照組。比較兩組眼表疾病指數(shù)(OSDI)、淚河高度、淚膜破裂時(shí)間(BUT)、角膜熒光素染色(FL)評(píng)分、瞼板腺缺失評(píng)分、角膜表面規(guī)則指數(shù)(SRI)、淚液分泌試驗(yàn)(SIt)。 結(jié)果 糖尿病組OSDI評(píng)分為(15.1±2.1)分,對(duì)照組為(8.0±1.3)分,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組淚河高度(0.22±0.03)mm,糖尿病組淚河高度(0.17±0.02)mm,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組FL評(píng)分(0.51±0.11)分,糖尿病組(1.80±0.19)分,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組SIt(10.0±2.5)mm,糖尿病組(7.1±1.3)mm,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。自然狀態(tài)以及持續(xù)睜眼10 s后,對(duì)照組SRI均顯著低于糖尿病組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 糖尿病患者容易發(fā)生眼表?yè)p害,存在淚膜功能下降、淚液分泌量減少、角膜上皮不規(guī)則等情況,臨床工作中應(yīng)注意預(yù)防,早期發(fā)現(xiàn),及時(shí)治療。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 糖尿病;眼表;淚膜破裂時(shí)間;角膜熒光素染色;眼表疾病指數(shù);角膜表面規(guī)則指數(shù);淚液分泌試驗(yàn)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R587.1;R777.34? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2019)18-0038-03
[Abstract] Objective To analyze ocular surface index BUT, FL, SRI and SIt in diabetic patients. Methods From January to June 2018, 50 patients with diabetes mellitus were selected from our hospital as the diabetes mellitus group, and 50 cases for healthy physical examination were selected as the control group. The ocular surface disease index(OSDI), lacrimal river height, tear film rupture time(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining(FL) score, tarsal gland loss score, corneal surface regularity index(SRI), and tear secretion test(SIt) were compared between the two groups. Results OSDI score of diabetes mellitus group was(15.1±2.1)points, and that of control group was(8.0±1.3)points. There was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The height of lacrimal river in the control group was(0.22±0.03) mm, and that in the diabetic group was(0.17±0.02) mm, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The FL score of the control group was(0.51±0.11), and that of the diabetes group was(1.80±0.19), the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(P<0.05). SIt in the control group was(10.0±2.5) mm, and(7.1±1.3) mm in the diabetic group, and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(P<0.05). The SRI of the control group was significantly lower than that of the diabetic group at natural state and after 10 seconds of continuous eye opening, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Diabetes mellitus patients are prone to ocular surface damage, tear film function decline, tear secretion reduction, corneal epithelial irregularity and other conditions, clinical work should pay attention to prevention, early detection, timely treatment.
高血糖水平可損傷角膜上皮。高血糖水平可導(dǎo)致葡萄糖與蛋白質(zhì)分子發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),生成糖化蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)物,改變角膜上皮基底膜細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)成分的免疫反應(yīng),降低角膜上皮細(xì)胞對(duì)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的粘連能力[18]。糖尿病患者山梨醇通路代謝異常激活,導(dǎo)致角膜上皮細(xì)胞水腫,導(dǎo)致角膜上皮脫落,形成高滲狀態(tài),損傷角膜上皮。高血糖還能減少前列環(huán)素生成,降低NA+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性,增強(qiáng)PKC通路,使前列腺素、氧自由基、NO生成增加,導(dǎo)致基底膜增厚,角膜上皮形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)功能的紊亂[19]。基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶參與炎癥的愈合,組織的重建。角膜潰瘍細(xì)胞基質(zhì)金屬酶的表達(dá)可導(dǎo)致角膜機(jī)制降解,糖尿病患者角膜上皮基質(zhì)的MMP-10的mRNA水平較正常角膜升高。糖尿病患者淚液產(chǎn)生減少,會(huì)誘發(fā)角膜上皮的嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷[20]。糖尿病干眼癥患者角膜氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)增加,提示糖尿病患者氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)可能也參與了眼表病變的發(fā)生過(guò)程中[21,22]。糖尿病患者淚液分泌減少,淚膜破裂時(shí)間縮短,與高血糖引起結(jié)膜感覺神經(jīng)病變有關(guān),患者角膜知覺減退,瞬目減少,淚膜蒸發(fā)過(guò)快,眼表干燥感減退,影響淚液分泌。高血糖引起角膜感覺神經(jīng)病變,三叉神經(jīng)對(duì)角膜影響作用下降。另外糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變激光治療,會(huì)損傷睫狀長(zhǎng)神經(jīng),導(dǎo)致角膜知覺減退,上皮自我保護(hù)能力下降。
綜上所述,糖尿病患者容易發(fā)生眼表?yè)p害,存在淚膜功能下降、淚液分泌量減少、角膜上皮不規(guī)則等情況,臨床工作中應(yīng)注意預(yù)防,早期發(fā)現(xiàn),及時(shí)治療。
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(收稿日期:2018-12-25)