林榮增
[摘要] 目的 探討對(duì)椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者于不同時(shí)間窗實(shí)施rt-PA靜脈溶栓治療后獲得的臨床效果。 方法 方便選擇該院2016年3月—2018年4月收治的82例椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象;數(shù)字奇偶法分組后明確各組溶栓治療時(shí)間窗;對(duì)照組(41例):于<4.5h展開rt-PA靜脈溶栓治療;觀察組(41例):于4.5~9 h展開rt-PA靜脈溶栓治療;針對(duì)兩組患者的日常生活能力、神經(jīng)功能以及患者的預(yù)后情況,分別實(shí)施BI(Barthel指數(shù))評(píng)分、NIHSS(神經(jīng)功能缺損量表)評(píng)分以及mRS(改良Rankin量表)評(píng)分,就評(píng)分結(jié)果以及腦出血發(fā)生率展開對(duì)比。 結(jié)果 溶栓前,兩組患者在BI評(píng)分以及NIHSS評(píng)分方面差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);溶栓后,同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者各時(shí)間段BI評(píng)分以及NIHSS評(píng)分對(duì)比,觀察組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,);觀察組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者mRS評(píng)分為(1.82±1.55)分,對(duì)照組為(1.69±1.21)分,同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者mRS評(píng)分對(duì)比,觀察組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.423 3,P>0.05);對(duì)患者進(jìn)行術(shù)后3個(gè)月隨訪發(fā)現(xiàn),同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者腦出血發(fā)生率(2.44%)對(duì)比,觀察組(4.88%)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.346 0,P>0.05)。結(jié)論 臨床在選擇rt-PA靜脈溶栓方法對(duì)椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者進(jìn)行治療期間,將溶栓時(shí)間窗擴(kuò)大至9 h仍然可以獲得顯著效果,對(duì)此針對(duì)椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者于4.5~9 h時(shí)間窗展開rt-PA靜脈溶栓治療,仍然可以獲得顯著效果。
[關(guān)鍵詞] rt-PA靜脈溶栓;時(shí)間窗;椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死;臨床療效
[中圖分類號(hào)] R743? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2019)06(a)-0135-03
[Abstract] Objective To study the patients with cerebral infarction vertebral - basilar artery system in different time Windows rt - PA clinical effect after intravenous thrombolysis treatment. Methods A total of conveniently selected 82 cases of cerebral infarction patients with vertebral - basilar artery system admitted to our hospital from March 2016 to April 2018 were selected. They were diveded according to digital parity grouping, and the time window for each group of thrombolytic therapy was identified. Control group (41 cases) : < 4.5 h, received rt - PA intravenous thrombolysis therapy; observation group (41 cases) : 4.5 ~ 9 h, received rt - PA intravenous thrombolysis therapy. Daily life ability, neural function, and the patient's prognosis, the implementation of BI (Barthel index) score, NIHSS (neural function defect scale) score and mRS (modified Rankin scale) modified Rankin scale score, and the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage were compared and analyzed. Results Before thrombolysis, there was no significant difference in BI score and NIHSS score between the two groups (P>0.05). After thrombolysis, there was no significant difference in BI score and NIHSS score between the two groups (t=0.339 8, 0.227 1, 0.272 7,P>0.05). The mRS score of patients with vertebrobasilar artery system cerebral infarction in the observation group was (1.82± 1.55), and that of the control group was (1.69±1.21)points. There was no significant difference in mRS score between the observation group and the control group (t=0.423 3,P>0.05). Follow-up of the patients 3 months after surgery showed that the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in patients with vertebrobasilar artery system cerebral infarction (2.44%) was lower than that in the control group (4.88%), and no statistically significant difference was found (χ2=0.346 0,P>0.05). Conclusion Rt - PA intravenous thrombolysis method in clinical in patients with cerebral infarction vertebral - basilar artery system during the period of treatment. For vertebral-basal artery cerebral infarction patients with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis in the 4.5h ~ 9h time window, still can achieve significant results。
[Key words] Rt - PA intravenous thrombolysis; Time window; Cerebral infarction vertebral - basilar artery system; Clinical curative effect
臨床針對(duì)椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者在治療時(shí)間窗內(nèi),以靜脈溶栓療法的實(shí)施較為普遍,其可以避免患者在腦組織缺血的狀態(tài)下呈現(xiàn)出不可逆損傷的現(xiàn)象[1]。對(duì)于此類患者實(shí)施rt-PA靜脈溶栓治療,能夠顯著改善患者神經(jīng)功能,但是對(duì)于擴(kuò)大時(shí)間窗實(shí)施rt-PA靜脈溶栓治療是否仍然有效存在疑慮[2]。該次研究方便選擇該院2016年3月—2018年4月收治的82例椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象;探討對(duì)椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者于不同時(shí)間窗實(shí)施rt-PA靜脈溶栓治療后獲得的臨床效果,以為椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者擴(kuò)大溶栓時(shí)間窗,依然獲得顯著療效,奠定基礎(chǔ)。報(bào)道如下。
1? 資料與方法
1.1? 一般資料
方便選擇該院收治的82例椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象;數(shù)字奇偶法分組后明確各組溶栓治療時(shí)間窗;對(duì)照組(41例):男19例,女22例;年齡分布范圍為42~85歲,平均年齡為(61.19±5.35)歲;觀察組(41例):男17例,女24例;年齡分布范圍為45~89歲,平均年齡為(61.22±5.39)歲;此次研究獲得倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并且完成知情同意書簽署;觀察對(duì)比兩組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者的性別、年齡,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2? 方法
對(duì)于入組后的兩組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者,于臨床均選擇rt-PA靜脈溶栓方法展開疾病治療;在具體用藥期間,控制0.9 mg/kg的單次劑量,并且確保最大劑量<90 mg[3];準(zhǔn)備10%rt-PA總劑量利用注射器對(duì)患者展開靜脈推注治療,對(duì)于剩余90%rt-PA總劑量對(duì)患者展開靜脈滴注治療,控制1 h治療時(shí)間。對(duì)患者完成rt-PA靜脈溶栓治療后1 d,對(duì)患者展開凝血四項(xiàng)、血常規(guī)、頭顱CT檢查,將顱內(nèi)出血進(jìn)行有效排除[4-5];之后采用阿司匹林(國藥準(zhǔn)字H36020722)進(jìn)行治療,口服頻率為1次/d,口服劑量為100 mg/次[6-7],對(duì)兩組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者展開為期3個(gè)月隨訪。
1.3? 觀察指標(biāo)
觀察對(duì)比兩組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者日常生活能力、神經(jīng)功能、預(yù)后情況以及腦出血發(fā)生率。
1.4? 判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
針對(duì)兩組患者的日常生活能力、神經(jīng)功能以及患者的預(yù)后情況,分別實(shí)施BI(Barthel指數(shù))評(píng)分、NIHSS(神經(jīng)功能缺損量表)評(píng)分以及mRS(改良Rankin量表)評(píng)分,BI評(píng)分結(jié)果同日常生活成正比[8];NIHSS評(píng)分結(jié)果同神經(jīng)功能成反比[9];mRS評(píng)分結(jié)果同預(yù)后情況成反比[10]。
1.5? 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
對(duì)于兩組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者溶栓治療結(jié)果,采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件展開數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用各以[n(%)]表示,各行t檢驗(yàn)、χ2檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2? 結(jié)果
2.1? BI評(píng)分對(duì)比
溶栓前,兩組患者在BI評(píng)分方面差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);溶栓后,同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者各時(shí)間段BI評(píng)分對(duì)比,觀察組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表1。
2.2? NIHSS評(píng)分對(duì)比
溶栓前,兩組患者在NIHSS評(píng)分方面差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);溶栓后,同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者各時(shí)間段NIHSS評(píng)分對(duì)比,觀察組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。
2.3? mRS評(píng)分對(duì)比
同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者隨訪3個(gè)月mRS評(píng)分對(duì)比,觀察組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表3。
2.4? 腦出血發(fā)生率對(duì)比
對(duì)患者進(jìn)行術(shù)后3個(gè)月隨訪發(fā)現(xiàn),同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者腦出血發(fā)生率(2.44%)對(duì)比,觀察組(4.88%)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表4。
3? 討論
臨床針對(duì)椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者在準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行治療期間,主要為了恢復(fù)患者腦部血液供應(yīng)以及實(shí)現(xiàn)患者腦血管再通,從而防止因?yàn)榛颊叱尸F(xiàn)出腦部缺血后,表現(xiàn)出不可逆損傷的現(xiàn)象[11]。rt-PA靜脈溶栓的實(shí)施,在改善患者神經(jīng)功能方面效果顯著。但是最終溶栓效果同患者血管閉塞程度、機(jī)體情況與治療時(shí)間窗存在相關(guān)性。
觀察該次研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),溶栓前,兩組患者在BI評(píng)分以及NIHSS評(píng)分方面無明顯差異;溶栓后,同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者各時(shí)間段BI評(píng)分以及NIHSS評(píng)分對(duì)比,觀察組無明顯差異;觀察組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者mRS評(píng)分為(1.82±1.55)分,對(duì)照組為(1.69±1.21)分,同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者mRS評(píng)分對(duì)比,觀察組無明顯差異;對(duì)患者進(jìn)行術(shù)后3個(gè)月隨訪發(fā)現(xiàn),同對(duì)照組椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死患者腦出血發(fā)生率(2.44%)對(duì)比,觀察組(4.88%)未表現(xiàn)出顯著差異,同沈健等[12]在《不同時(shí)間窗重組組織型纖溶酶原激活劑靜脈溶栓治療椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)腦梗死的療效》一文中表現(xiàn)出一致研究結(jié)論,此文中觀察組mRS評(píng)分為(1.93±0.39)分,對(duì)照組為(1.72±0.41)分,從而證明,將溶栓時(shí)間窗擴(kuò)大至9 h,仍然可以獲得明顯效果,并且表現(xiàn)出的安全性顯著。