馮萍
On November 3, 1961, the Soviet Union launched1 the first animal into space—a dog named Laika—aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft.
Laika, part Siberian husky, lived as a stray on the Moscow streets before being enlisted2 into the Soviet space program. Laika survived for several days as a passenger in the USSRs second artificial3 Earth satellite, kept alive by a sophisticated4 life-support system. Electrodes attached5 to her body provided scientists on the ground with important information about the biological effects of space travel. She died after the batteries of her life-support system ran down.
At least a dozen more Russian dogs were launched into space in preparation for the first manned6 Soviet space mission, and at least five of these dogs died in flight.
On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut7 Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space, aboard the spacecraft Vostok 1. He orbited8 Earth once before landing safely in the USSR.
1961年11月3日,一只名為萊卡的狗搭乘(前)蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射的“史普尼克2號”宇宙飛船,成為進入太空的第一只動物。
萊卡有部分西伯利亞哈士奇血統(tǒng),在入選蘇聯(lián)太空計劃之前,曾在莫斯科街頭流浪。萊卡作為蘇聯(lián)第二顆人造地球衛(wèi)星的乘客存活了好幾天,她依靠復(fù)雜的生命支持系統(tǒng)生存。附著在她身上的電極為地面上的科學(xué)家提供了有關(guān)太空旅行中生物效應(yīng)方面的重要信息。在生命支持系統(tǒng)的電池耗盡后,她就死亡了。
為了準備蘇聯(lián)的第一次太空載人飛行,至少還有十幾條俄羅斯犬被發(fā)射到太空,其中至少有五只在飛行中死亡。
1961年4月12日,(前)蘇聯(lián)宇航員尤里·加加林成為第一個乘坐“東方一號”宇宙飛船進入太空的人類。繞地球一周后,他安全降落在(前)蘇聯(lián)境內(nèi)。
Notes
1. launch vt. 發(fā)射(導(dǎo)彈、火箭等);發(fā)起,發(fā)動
2. enlist vi. 支持;從軍;應(yīng)募;vt. 使入伍;征募
3. artificial adj. 人造的
4. sophisticated? adj. 復(fù)雜的
5. attach? vt. 使依附;貼上;系上;vi. 附加;附屬;伴隨
6. manned? adj. 有人駕駛的;有人操縱的;配備齊船員的
7. cosmonaut? n. (俄)宇航員(等于astronaut)
8. orbit? ?vt. 繞……軌道而行;vi. 盤旋;繞軌道運行