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主謂一致高頻考點(diǎn)例說

2019-07-02 16:40李建高
初中生·考試 2019年7期
關(guān)鍵詞:單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

李建高

近年來,中考對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面:

一、根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)和可數(shù)性考查主謂一致

如果用作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是單數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果用作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果用作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

(2018年上海卷)The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.

A. be B. am

C. is D. are

解析:句子主語(yǔ)the twins為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,選D。

(2018年郴州卷)—What would you like, coffee or tea?

—Either OK. I dont mind.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

解析:句子主語(yǔ)either作代詞,意為“兩者中任何一個(gè)”,在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,空格處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),選A。

二、考查“主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

介詞短語(yǔ)一般不用作主語(yǔ),因此,當(dāng)“主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”處于主語(yǔ)位置時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只與其中的“主語(yǔ)”有關(guān)系而與其中的“介詞短語(yǔ)”無關(guān)。如a teacher with his students作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只與a teacher保持一致,而與his students無關(guān)。

(2018年銅仁卷)She with her mother often hills on Sundays.

A. climbs B. climb

C. climbed D. to climb

解析:句子的真正主語(yǔ)是she,為單數(shù)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)on Sundays可知,該句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),選A。

三、考查并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

對(duì)于并列成分作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題,同學(xué)們要注意以下兩類結(jié)構(gòu):

1)當(dāng)and和both...and...連接的兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。

2)當(dāng)either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...連接的兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常要與其最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

(2018年新疆卷)Both Mike and I ready for the new high school life.

A. be B. am

C. is D. are解析:Both... and...連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,選D。

(2018年蘭州卷)Neither Tom nor I interested in playing WeChat.

A. am B. is

C. are D. be

解析:當(dāng)neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與其最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致,選A。

(2018年泰州卷)Not only children but also my husband crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《紅海行動(dòng)》).

A. is B. are

C. am D. be

解析:當(dāng)not only...but also...連接兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與其最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致,選A。

四、考查a/the number of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

A number of意為“一些;許多”,后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Number前還可加形容詞用以表示數(shù)量的多或少,如:a large/small/great number of等。The number of意為“……數(shù)量”,后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。

(2018年天水卷)—The number of tourists over 33 million this year.

—Yes. A large number of tourists so far because of the new look of our city.

A. is; have come B. is; has come

C. are; has come D. are; have come

解析:The number of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),第一空填is;a number of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù),第二空填have come,選A。

五、考查there be句式中的主謂一致

在there be句式中,動(dòng)詞be不僅有時(shí)態(tài)上的變化,而且有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化:確定其時(shí)態(tài)的方法是看句子意思和句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或其他相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài);確定其單復(fù)數(shù)的方法是看與動(dòng)詞be最靠近的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。

(2018年長(zhǎng)春卷)Nowadays, there more heroes in China. We admire them a lot.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

解析:There be句式中的be與其后的名詞保持一致,可排除A和C;再根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowadays可知,句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),選B。

(2018年泰州卷)—Why are you late, Jim?

—Because there a lot of traffic when I came here.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

解析:因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)traffic為不可數(shù)名詞,所以此處的there be句式中的be用單數(shù);再根據(jù)when I came here中的一般過去時(shí)可知,句子講述的是過去的情況,選C。

六、考查一段時(shí)間等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

當(dāng)一段時(shí)間(如ten years)、一段距離(如five hundred miles)、一筆錢(如100 dollars)用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常將其視為一個(gè)整體,其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

(2018年宜賓卷)Two months a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.

A. am B. is C. are

解析:主語(yǔ)two months意為“兩個(gè)月”,通常將其視為一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,選B。

七、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原則上用單數(shù)。若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的賓語(yǔ),且賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,此時(shí)不要受此影響而誤用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。

(2018年永州卷)Playing computer games too often bad for us.

A. am B. is C. are

解析:句子主語(yǔ)playing computer games為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。切忌受playing的賓語(yǔ)games的影響而誤用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。選B。

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