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英語(yǔ)中反義疑問(wèn)句的用法

2019-04-25 00:19:26
閱讀與作文(英語(yǔ)高中版) 2019年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:情態(tài)陳述代詞

1. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,而句子又用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用you。如:

I find English very interesting, dont you?

I dont like that film, do you?

2. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代詞時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)通常用they。但亦可用he,尤其是nobody, no one等作主語(yǔ),具有否定概念時(shí)。如:

Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they?

Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they?

Nobody wants to go there, does he?

3. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everything, nothing, anything, something時(shí),附加 疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)一般用it,不用they。如:

Everything seems all right now, doesnt it?

Nothing is kept in good order, is it?

Something must be done to stop pollution, isnt it?

4. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that或these, those時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)分別用it和they。如:

This is important, isnt it?

That isnt correct, is it?

These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they?

5. 如果陳述部分是以代詞one作主語(yǔ),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)在正式場(chǎng)合用one,非正式場(chǎng)合用you,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,在非正式場(chǎng)合還可以用he。如:

One cant be too careful, can one?或can you?

One should do his duty, shouldnt he?

6. 如果陳述部分用Im…結(jié)構(gòu),附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用arent I。如:

I am strong and healthy arent I。

7. 當(dāng)陳述句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)也用there。如:

Theres no help for it, is there?

Theres something wrong, isnt there?

8. 陳述部分帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。如:

Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

Few people know him, do they?

She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?

如果陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴,那么,該陳述部分作肯定處理,附加疑問(wèn)部分一般仍用否定形式。如:

He was unsuccessful, wasnt he?

Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he?

9. 當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分一般應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。如:

She says that I did it, doesnt she?

I told them not everybody could do it, didnt I?

但當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, suppose, expect這類動(dòng)詞時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分則往往與從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。

I suppose that hes serious isnt he?

I dont think she cares, does she?

10. 當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句,附加疑問(wèn)句則需和就近的分句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致。如:

Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldnt he?

11. 在由“祈使句+附加疑問(wèn)”構(gòu)成的附加疑問(wèn)句中,附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用will you, wont you, would you,有時(shí)也可用can you, cant you, why dont you, could you等。如:

Dont open the door, will you?

Give me some cigarettes, can you?

Take a rest, why dont you?

但是,以lets開(kāi)頭的祈使句,附加疑問(wèn)部分用shall we;以let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句,如果含義是allow us,不包括聽(tīng)話人在內(nèi),疑問(wèn)部分用will you。如:

Lets have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?

Let us go out for a rest, will you?

12. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must表示“必須”時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用mustnt。如:

You must work hard next term, mustnt you?

I must answer the letter, mustnt I?

但若表推測(cè)這層含義時(shí),不能用must,而要根據(jù)陳述部分的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(即must之后的動(dòng)詞)以及含義采用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式。如:

You must have made a mistake, havent you?

They must have seen the film last week, didnt they?

He must be in the library, isnt he?

13. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分可用usednt或didnt。如:

The old man used to smoke, didnt he?或usednt he?

Tom used to live here, usednt he?或didnt he?

14. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用oughtnt或shouldnt。如:

He ought to know the answer, oughtnt he?

We ought to read this book, oughtnt we?或shouldnt we?

15. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有had better時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用had。

如:Youd better finish your homework now, hadnt you?

16. 感嘆句后的附加疑問(wèn)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用be的現(xiàn)在時(shí),且常用否定形式。如:

What a clever boy, isnt he?

What a lovely day, isnt it?

17. 陳述句子中的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或其他短語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用it。如:

Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it?

Between six and seven will suit you, wont it?

Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?

18. 在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中,為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,只是表示某種驚奇、懷疑、反感、諷刺等感情而并不是為了尋求回答,這時(shí)前后兩部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如:

Oh, he is a writer, is he?

Youll not go, wont you?

19. 陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wish,表示愿望時(shí)用may,且用肯定形式。如:

I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?

20. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有表示“所有”含義的動(dòng)詞have(has)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如:

You have a new bike, havent you(或dont you)?

She doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she?

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