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青河后造山巖體成因及其對阿爾泰造山帶晚古生代構(gòu)造演化的啟示*

2019-04-18 10:35:50董增產(chǎn)趙國春潘峰王凱黃博濤
巖石學(xué)報 2019年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:青河阿爾泰造山

董增產(chǎn) 趙國春潘峰 王凱 黃博濤

1. 大陸動力學(xué)國家重點實驗室,西北大學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)系,西安 710069 2. 中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局造山帶地質(zhì)研究中心,西安地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心,西安 710054 3. 香港大學(xué)地球科學(xué)系,香港

已有資料顯示,中國阿爾泰造山帶花崗巖主要由古生代及少量中生代花崗巖體組成,具有多種成因類型,包括有S、I、A型。依據(jù)與造山作用關(guān)系,可分為造山型和非造山型(鄒天人,1988;岳永君等,1990;何國琦等,1994;胡藹琴等,1997; Chen and Jahn, 2002;王濤等,2005,2010;童英等,2006a, b;李會軍等,2010;黃博濤等,2017)。王濤等(2010)結(jié)合前人大量同位素年齡和地球化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了阿爾泰造山帶花崗巖的時空演變、成因類型和構(gòu)造環(huán)境,并將其劃分為3個階段(早中古生代、晚古生代和早中生代)5個期次(中奧陶世、晚志留世-晚泥盆世、早石炭世、早二疊世和中晚三疊世-早侏羅世)。其中,早中古生代巖體分布廣泛,變形強,保存了同造山的俯沖增生-弧后盆地伸展-聚合碰撞等不同演化階段的巖漿記錄;晚古生代表現(xiàn)為早石炭世的未變形堿性花崗巖(如布爾根堿性花崗巖)和早二疊世局部變形的I-A過渡型花崗巖類,認為是后造山底侵伸展環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物(王濤等,2010);早中生代巖體不變形,具高分異I型和S型花崗巖特征,指示阿爾泰造山帶已經(jīng)進入板內(nèi)的構(gòu)造演化階段。由此看來,阿爾泰不同成因類型的花崗巖可以反映不同的構(gòu)造環(huán)境,進而約束不同演化階段的造山過程。

圖1 中國阿爾泰造山帶地質(zhì)背景圖(據(jù)何國琦等,1990;李天德和吳柏青,1996;Windley et al., 2002修改)CAOB-中亞造山帶;SC-西伯利亞板塊;TC-塔里木板塊;NC-華北板塊;F1-紅山嘴-諾爾特斷裂;F2-康布鐵堡-庫爾特斷裂;F3-額爾齊斯斷裂;N-北阿爾泰;C-中阿爾泰;S-南阿爾泰;E-額爾齊斯構(gòu)造帶Fig.1 Simplified geological map of the Chinese Altai (modified after He et al., 1990; Li et al., 1996; Windley et al., 2002)The inset figure shows the extension of the CAOB, and the Chinese Altai is represented by a box. CAOB-Central Asian Orogenic Belt; SC-Siberia Craton; TC-Tarim Craton; NC-North China Craton; F1-Hongshanzui-Nuoerte Fault; F2-Kangbutiebao-Kuerte Fault; F3-Erqis Fault; N-North Domain; C-Central Domain; S-South Domain; E-Erqis Tectonic Belt

堿性或A型花崗巖屬于后造山或非造山花崗巖體(Loiselle and Wones, 1979;鄒天人等,1988;Chen and Jahn, 2002),一般作為造山作用結(jié)束的標志。目前在阿爾泰造山帶南緣已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一系列堿性、A型和I-A過渡型花崗巖(圖1),如從東往西發(fā)育布爾根堿性(A型)花崗巖(315.9Ma,Rb-Sr法,劉家遠和袁奎榮,1996;胡靄琴等,1997),塔克什肯口岸富堿花崗巖(286±1Ma,童英等,2006a),喇嘛昭I-A過渡型巖體(Windelyetal., 2002,276±9Ma,王濤等,2005),富蘊縣南線形花崗巖(張湘炳等,1996;281~275Ma,童英等,2006b),沙爾布拉克二云母花崗巖(275.1±1.7Ma,孫桂華等,2009),以及額爾齊斯斷裂帶以南的烏倫古堿性花崗巖等(趙振華等,1996;Hanetal., 1997,單顆粒鋯石 U-Pb 年齡 314~323Ma,劉家遠等,1995)。這些巖體的相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究不但約束了阿爾泰造山帶主期造山作用結(jié)束的時間,而且揭示了早石炭世-晚二疊世(358~253Ma)存在較大規(guī)模的地殼伸展作用。然而,雖然前人對阿爾泰晚古生代構(gòu)造背景有了一定認識,但限于測年手段和研究對象的多樣化以及測年精度的差異,致使所獲得花崗巖年齡跨度較大,如在中國阿爾泰西端還發(fā)現(xiàn)了泥盆紀后碰撞型花崗巖(418.3±6.4Ma,李會軍等,2010),從而極大的影響了以此為基礎(chǔ)進行的構(gòu)造環(huán)境、造山作用以及構(gòu)造演化的討論。除此之外,即便對同一地質(zhì)時期的構(gòu)造-熱事件解釋亦然存在不同觀點,例如陳漢林等(2006)認為富蘊縣烏恰溝基性麻粒巖的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了阿爾泰造山帶在早二疊世中-晚期(279~268Ma)還存在活動大陸邊緣的巖漿活動;厲子龍等(2010)解釋該超高溫麻粒巖可能與古生代時期發(fā)生的古亞洲洋俯沖、西伯利亞板塊和哈薩克斯坦—準噶爾板塊碰撞造山作用過程有關(guān)。相反,王偉等(2009)通過研究阿勒泰東南部泥質(zhì)麻粒巖認為早二疊世(292.8±2.3Ma)阿爾泰造山帶南緣處于高熱流活動的伸展環(huán)境。至此,阿爾泰造山帶碰撞造山作用何時結(jié)束?二疊紀處于怎樣的構(gòu)造背景?以及阿爾泰造山帶晚古生代如何由板塊構(gòu)造體制轉(zhuǎn)向板內(nèi)環(huán)境的機制尚不清楚。本文以此為切入點,選擇阿爾泰造山帶東南緣的青河后造山侵入巖為研究對象,通過U-Pb同位素定年,厘定該巖體形成時代;基于巖石地球化學(xué)特征和鋯石Hf同位素組成分析,討論巖體源區(qū)性質(zhì),成因類型和構(gòu)造環(huán)境,進而揭示巖體形成過程中的殼幔相互作用和陸殼生長方式,為進一步探討阿爾泰造山帶海西期構(gòu)造演化歷史和構(gòu)造體制轉(zhuǎn)換提供依據(jù)。

1 區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景

阿爾泰造山帶是中亞造山帶的重要組成部分,位于西伯利亞板塊和哈薩克-準噶爾板塊之間。曲國勝和何國琦(1992)根據(jù)沉積建造、巖漿作用、變質(zhì)作用及構(gòu)造變形強度、期次和構(gòu)造層等特征,將阿爾泰造山帶劃分為5個構(gòu)造帶,后來,Windleyetal.(2002)根據(jù)區(qū)域地層對比,變質(zhì)變形,結(jié)合同位素年代學(xué),將其從北到南劃分為6個塊體。國內(nèi)多數(shù)學(xué)者,將塊體2和塊體3合并,認為具有微陸塊性質(zhì)(Huetal., 2000; Xiaoetal., 2004; Wangetal., 2006),并以紅山嘴-諾爾特斷裂、康布鐵堡-庫爾特斷裂和額爾齊斯斷裂帶為界,劃分為北阿爾泰、中阿爾泰、南阿爾泰三個塊體和額爾齊斯構(gòu)造帶(何國琦等,1994;Xiaoetal., 2004;童英等,2006b;王濤等,2010;圖1)。

圖2 研究區(qū)地質(zhì)簡圖Fig.2 Simplified geological map of the Qinghe area

研究區(qū)地處新疆青河縣境內(nèi),隸屬中國阿爾泰造山帶東南緣(圖1)。區(qū)內(nèi)地層主要包括中-上奧陶世哈巴河群(祝皆水,1979[注]祝皆水/新疆地質(zhì)局區(qū)測隊. 1979. 1:20萬二臺幅地質(zhì)圖)和早-中泥盆世康布鐵堡組(圖2)。哈巴河群最初由地質(zhì)部第十三大隊命名(1957年),依據(jù)微古化石,將其劃歸寒武紀-震旦紀地層(王廣耀和張玉亭,1984;彭昌文,1989)。之后,又從該套地層相繼解體出變質(zhì)程度較高的古-中元古代克木齊群、中元古代蘇普特巖群和新元古代富蘊群以及晚震旦世-早寒武世喀納斯群(張建東等,2012a[注]張建東,劉崴國,唐智/新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)地質(zhì)調(diào)查院. 2012a. 1:25萬富蘊地質(zhì)圖;李天德和吳柏青,1996;Huetal., 2000;胡靄琴,2002)。然而,一部分學(xué)者認為這些古老地層的劃分依據(jù)并不充分,缺少標準化石和精確的年代學(xué)約束,其實是古生代地層遭受區(qū)域動力熱流變質(zhì)改造而成(Sunetal., 2008; Jiangetal., 2011; Longetal., 2012)。區(qū)內(nèi)該地層主要為一套含鋁質(zhì)變質(zhì)礦物(夕線石、堇青石、石榴石、紅柱石和十字石)的泥質(zhì)或砂泥質(zhì)變質(zhì)巖組合,巖石類型包含黑云斜長片麻巖、混合巖化片麻巖、云母石英片巖或變粒巖,1:25萬青河幅將其歸入中元古代蘇普特巖群(張建東等,2012b[注]張建東,劉崴國,唐智/新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)地質(zhì)調(diào)查院. 2012b. 1:25萬青河地質(zhì)圖)。康布鐵堡組是新疆地質(zhì)局區(qū)測大隊六分隊在阿勒泰縣東南康布鐵堡創(chuàng)名,定義為一套酸性火山巖、火山碎屑巖,夾正常碎屑巖及少量碳酸鹽巖(王廣耀和朱慶亮,1978[注]王廣耀,朱慶亮/新疆地質(zhì)局區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查隊. 1978. 1:20萬阿勒泰幅地質(zhì)圖),該套地層中發(fā)現(xiàn)早泥盆世微古化石(吳志亮,1992),結(jié)合鋯石U-Pb測年,歸屬早-中泥盆世(柴鳳梅等,2009;張進紅等,2000;劉偉等,2010;張保江等,2012),主要巖性為流紋巖和火山碎屑巖組合,遭受后期構(gòu)造改造,糜棱面理發(fā)育。研究區(qū)內(nèi)哈巴河群和康布鐵堡組沒有直接接觸,分別位于瑪因鄂博斷裂兩側(cè),泥盆紀和二疊紀侵入巖沿該斷裂發(fā)育,并將其分割。

青河巖體是阿爾泰造山帶南部代表性侵入巖,沿構(gòu)造線呈北西向帶狀分布。在研究區(qū)出露面積約10km,巖石類型以二長花崗巖和少量閃長巖為主,包括了灰褐色似斑狀黑云二長花崗巖、中細粒二長花崗巖、糜棱巖化二長花崗巖、閃長巖和輝長閃長玢巖。其中,灰褐色似斑狀黑云二長花崗巖和中細粒二長花崗巖呈漸變過渡接觸關(guān)系,內(nèi)部均發(fā)育黑云斜長片麻巖捕擄體,局部以脈狀侵入地層之中。主要圍巖為晚志留世-早泥盆世哈巴河群含石榴子石黑云斜長片麻巖,原巖是一套近源堆積的硬砂巖和巖屑砂巖,經(jīng)后期熱變質(zhì)作用改造呈深變質(zhì)巖層(Dongetal., 2018);糜棱巖化二長花崗巖分布瑪因鄂博斷裂兩側(cè),其圍巖主要為泥盆紀康布鐵堡組流紋巖,受后期額爾齊斯斷裂影響,發(fā)育糜棱面理。輝長閃長玢巖與灰褐色似斑狀黑云二長花崗巖和中細粒黑云母二長花崗巖呈明顯的侵入接觸關(guān)系(圖3g)。

2 樣品特征及分析方法

采集新鮮的4類侵入巖樣品進行巖石地球化學(xué)和鋯石U-Pb-Hf同位素測試,巖石類型包括似斑狀黑云二長花崗巖(46°30′10″N、90°27′21″E)、中細粒黑云母二長花崗巖(46°30′06″N、90°27′32″E)、糜棱巖化二長花崗巖(46°30′06″N、90°15′30″E)和輝長閃長玢巖(46°31′15″N、90°27′32″E)。

2.1 巖相學(xué)特征

似斑狀黑云母二長花崗巖(D2054-2,圖3a,b):風(fēng)化面呈灰褐色,新鮮面灰白色,半自形粒狀結(jié)構(gòu),似斑狀結(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造。粒狀礦物0.5~5mm的約占60%,5~4.5mm×7.5mm的約占40%,片狀礦物片徑介于0.1×0.3mm~2.8×4.3mm之間?;|(zhì)斜長石和鉀長石各約占30%左右,石英25%左右,黑云母5%左右。另外,含微量磷灰石和不透明礦物。次生礦物有絹云母、黝簾石、綠泥石。薄片中觀察斜長石多于鉀長石,斜長石呈半自形條狀、粒狀,有輕微的絹云母化、黝簾石化。聚片雙晶常見,鉀長石由具格狀雙晶的微斜長石組成,微斜長石中常有鈉長石微紋分布,鉀長石與斜長石接觸處偶還有蠕英石分布,黑云母呈黃-褐多色性。除個別顆粒有綠泥石化外,大部分無明顯蝕變。

圖3 青河巖體巖相學(xué)特征

(a)似斑狀黑云母二長花崗巖中的長石斑晶;(c)中細粒二長花崗巖與片麻巖侵入接觸關(guān)系;(e)糜棱巖化二長花崗巖的糜棱面理;(g)輝長閃長玢巖與似斑狀黑云母二長花崗巖侵入接觸關(guān)系;(b)、(d)、(f)、(h)為對應(yīng)的正交偏光下顯微照片.Pl-斜長石;Q-石英;Bi-黑云母;Am-角閃石;Kfs-鉀長石;Px-輝石;Chl-綠泥石

Fig.3 Petrography features of the Qinghe intrusive rocks

(a) the feldspar phenocryst-bearing in porphyritic biotite-monzogranite; (c) the intrusion contact relation between medium-fine grained monzogranite and gneiss; (e) the foliation of mylonitize granite, (g) the intrusion contact relation between gabbrodiorite porphyrite and porphyritic biotite-monzogranite; (b), (d), (f), (h) are microphotographs under cross-polarized light. Pl-plagioclase; Q-quartz; Bi-biotite; Am-amphibole; Kfs-K-feldspar; Px-pyroxene; Chl-chlorite

中細粒黑云母二長花崗巖(D2054-3,圖3c,d):風(fēng)化面呈灰褐色,新鮮面灰白色,半自形粒狀結(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造。粒狀礦物0.3~2mm的占20%左右,2~2.6mm×5mm的約占80%,片狀礦物小于0.1×0.2mm~1.5×2.3mm。鉀長石含量約占35%、斜長石含量為30%左右、石英約占25%、黑云母小于8%。另外,含少量磷灰石和不透明礦物。次生礦物有絹云母、黝簾石和綠泥石。巖石中鉀長石略多于斜長石,鉀長石由具格狀晶之微斜長石組成,微斜長石鏡下還可見其中有析出的微紋狀鈉長石分布,構(gòu)成微紋長石。

糜棱巖化二長花崗巖(PM002-2,圖3e,f):巖體受到動力變質(zhì)作用發(fā)生韌性變形。原巖中礦物晶體多被壓碎成碎斑與碎基。巖石中碎斑含量<25%,其成分主要為斜長石與堿性長石(微斜長石、條紋長石),偶見褐簾石。碎斑形態(tài)呈眼球狀或透鏡狀,粒徑大小不等,變化于0.3~10mm之間;碎基含量>65%,由細?;ⅰ㈤L石及新生礦物絹云母、少量綠簾石組成。石英常呈拉長粒狀,細條帶狀,扁豆狀等塑性變形形態(tài);絹云母常呈條紋狀集合體;細小碎基集合體常圍繞碎斑分布。

輝長閃長玢巖(PM001-1,圖3g,h):風(fēng)化面呈灰褐色,可分為斑晶和基質(zhì)兩部分,整體呈斑狀結(jié)構(gòu)。斑晶絕大部分由自形板狀斜長石組成,聚片雙晶發(fā)育,部分顆粒有環(huán)帶構(gòu)造,為中長石特征,斜長石大小介于2×4mm~3.5×6mm,含量大于8%,斑晶黑云母片徑為1.3×2mm~2×3mm,含量小于2%;基質(zhì)半自形粒狀結(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造?;|(zhì)斜長石0.5×0.8mm~0.8×1.5mm,輝石0.1~0.3mm×0.8mm。斑晶和基質(zhì)斜長石均無明顯的次生蝕變,基質(zhì)中鐵鎂礦物以輝石為主,屬單斜輝石中的透輝石,角閃石具綠色多色性為多,常見交代圍繞輝石分布,斜長石為中長石。

2.2 分析方法

對采集的4類巖石樣品在西安地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心實驗室利用X射線熒光法(XRF)和電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法(ICP-MS)法進行主量、微量稀土元素測試。測年工作同樣在該實驗室進行,利用美國New Ware Research公司生產(chǎn)的激光剝蝕進樣系統(tǒng)(UP193SS)和美國AULENT科技有限公司生產(chǎn)的Agilent 7500a型四級桿等離子體質(zhì)譜儀聯(lián)合構(gòu)成的激光等離子質(zhì)譜儀進行測試。首先將挑選鋯石的樣品在實驗室粉碎至80~100目,經(jīng)常規(guī)浮選和磁選方法分選后,在雙目鏡下先根據(jù)鋯石的顏色、自形程度、形態(tài)等特征初步分類,挑選出具有代表性的鋯石作為測定對象。將分選出的鋯石分組置于DEVCON環(huán)氧樹中,待固結(jié)后將其拋磨至粒徑的大約二分之一,使鋯石內(nèi)部充分暴露,然后進行鋯石顯微(反射光和透射光)照相、陰極發(fā)光(CL)顯微圖像研究及鋯石微區(qū)U-Pb同位素年齡測定。激光束斑直徑為32μm,剝蝕深度20~40μm,激光脈沖8Hz。測試采用標準鋯石91500作為外部標準物質(zhì),元素含量采用NIST610作為外標,29Si作為內(nèi)標元素。年齡結(jié)果使用Isoplot3. 0軟件(Ludwig, 2003) 計算。詳細分析步驟和數(shù)據(jù)處理方法參考有關(guān)文獻(Gaoetal., 2002)。

鋯石Lu-Hf同位素分析在西安地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心實驗室完成,所用儀器為Neptune多接收等離子質(zhì)譜和Newwave UP213紫外激光剝蝕系統(tǒng)(LA-MC-ICP MS)。實驗過程中采用He作為剝蝕物質(zhì)載氣。剝蝕直徑44μm,激光剝蝕時間為26s,脈沖頻率4~8Hz,脈沖能量100mJ。計算參數(shù)為176Lu/177Hf=0.0332 和176Hf/177Hf=0.282772 (Blichert-Toft and Albarède, 1997),εHf(t)計算采用176Lu 衰變常數(shù)為 1.867×10 a(Albarèdeetal., 2006)。Hf 單階段模式年齡tDM1的計算以現(xiàn)今的虧損地幔值為參考。Hf兩階段模式年齡(tDM2)計算時, 平均地殼的值采用176Lu/177Hf=0.015(Rudnick and Gao, 2003), 詳細分析步驟和處理方法見參考文獻(Yuanetal., 2008)。

3 分析結(jié)果

3.1 主、微量元素

青河巖體巖石化學(xué)分析結(jié)果顯示(表1),所有樣品在TAS分類圖上(Coxetal., 1979)均落入亞堿性巖石系列的(石英)閃長巖和花崗巖區(qū)(圖4a)。其中,花崗巖樣品高硅,SiO2含量變化較大(61.98%~73.35%),富鉀(K2O=2.97%~4.43%),Na2O=3.74%~4.75%,K2O/Na2O=0.78~1.06,K2O+Na2O=5.84%~8.72%,里特曼指數(shù)σ=2.38~2.54,顯示高鉀鈣堿性巖石系列,并有向鉀玄巖演化趨勢(圖4b,表1)。堿度率AR=2.12~3.65,在AR-SiO2圖上,除糜棱巖化二長花崗巖落入堿性巖區(qū),似斑狀黑云母二長花崗巖和細粒二長花崗巖落入鈣堿性區(qū),但總體顯示由鈣堿性向堿性演化趨勢(圖4c)。Al2O3含量為13.55%~15.58%。

表1青河巖體主量元素豐度(wt%)及特征參數(shù)

Table 1 Major elements abundances (wt%) and parameters of the Qinghe intrusive rocks

樣品號D2054-2-1-2-3-4-5-6-7D2054-3-1-2-3-4-5-6-7巖性似斑狀二長花崗巖中細粒二長花崗巖SiO262.63 61.98 62.27 62.00 62.20 62.19 62.06 62.55 63.60 62.18 62.96 62.38 62.40 62.42 Al2O314.86 15.12 14.91 15.16 15.22 15.24 15.00 15.28 15.03 15.05 14.82 15.24 14.99 15.58 Fe2O32.80 2.90 2.81 2.77 2.79 2.80 2.61 1.75 1.94 1.84 2.25 1.86 2.26 1.78 FeO4.56 4.55 4.64 4.77 4.61 4.60 4.88 4.96 4.33 5.16 4.72 4.99 4.84 4.73 CaO3.56 3.61 3.66 3.70 3.54 3.56 3.74 3.65 3.43 3.76 3.60 3.73 3.73 3.70 MgO1.51 1.52 1.59 1.54 1.44 1.48 1.63 2.04 1.73 2.13 1.86 2.09 1.88 1.96 K2O3.51 3.55 3.42 3.24 3.49 3.50 3.35 3.06 3.33 2.97 3.11 3.02 3.10 3.08 Na2O3.74 3.79 3.81 3.95 3.87 3.90 3.76 3.84 3.83 3.79 3.79 3.86 3.87 3.95 TiO21.24 1.26 1.28 1.29 1.25 1.26 1.31 1.27 1.14 1.32 1.26 1.30 1.32 1.24 P2O50.35 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.34 0.41 0.36 0.40 0.38 0.39 MnO0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.11 LOI1.03 1.14 1.05 1.00 1.02 0.91 1.06 1.02 1.06 1.17 1.01 0.94 0.98 0.99 H2O+0.60 0.52 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.46 0.48 0.54 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.38 Na2O+K2O7.25 7.34 7.23 7.19 7.36 7.40 7.11 6.90 7.16 6.76 6.90 6.88 6.97 7.03 K2O/Na2O0.94 0.94 0.90 0.82 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.80 0.87 0.78 0.82 0.78 0.80 0.78 σ2.68 2.84 2.71 2.72 2.82 2.85 2.65 2.442.492.382.392.442.52.54P1527 1571 1527 1527 1571 1484 1571 1615 1484 1789 1571 1746 1658 1702 K29138 29470 28391 26897 28972 29055 27810 25403 27644 24655 25818 25071 25735 25569 Ti7433 7552 7672 7732 7492 7552 7852 7612 6833 7912 7552 7792 7912 7433 Fe2O3T5.965.956.076.246.036.016.386.486.486.486.486.486.486.48Al78671 80047 78935 80259 80577 80682 79412 80894 79571 79677 78459 80682 79359 82482 R11841 1771 1810 1780 1769 1756 1822 1892 1926 1898 1933 1881 1865 1848 R2747 758 763 770 749 753 775 791 748 803 768 802 786 799 AR2.30 2.29 2.28 2.23 2.29 2.30 2.22 2.15 2.27 2.12 2.20 2.14 2.19 2.15 A/CNK0.90 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.94 A/NK1.49 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.50 1.49 1.53 1.59 1.52 1.59 1.54 1.58 1.54 1.59 AKI0.67 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.66 0.63 0.65 0.63 0.65 0.63 104×Ga/Al2.75 2.65 2.67 2.65 2.85 2.62 2.67 2.63 2.54 2.75 2.70 2.65 2.65 2.53 樣品號PM002-1-2-3-4-5-6-7PM001-1-2-3-4-5-6-7巖性糜棱巖化二長花崗巖輝長閃長玢巖SiO266.98 66.71 67.52 73.35 71.19 73.28 73.07 53.60 52.45 52.59 51.81 51.68 51.90 51.66 Al2O315.46 15.31 15.10 13.63 14.12 13.55 13.75 14.17 14.29 14.26 14.48 14.44 14.57 14.65 Fe2O31.19 1.70 1.12 0.41 0.52 0.42 0.48 4.03 4.15 4.19 4.35 4.24 4.62 4.48 FeO2.60 2.60 2.58 1.47 1.94 1.58 1.39 7.29 7.62 7.55 7.62 7.73 7.29 7.47 CaO2.26 2.23 2.26 1.30 1.55 1.29 1.33 6.81 6.93 7.03 7.36 7.13 7.20 7.12 MgO0.97 0.95 0.94 0.45 0.63 0.46 0.45 4.42 4.61 4.61 4.68 4.69 4.66 4.63 K2O3.85 3.79 3.79 4.34 4.43 4.35 4.33 1.11 1.06 0.99 1.17 0.98 1.08 1.14 Na2O4.74 4.75 4.62 4.08 4.29 4.09 4.26 3.63 3.60 3.61 3.38 3.63 3.52 3.52 TiO20.69 0.67 0.65 0.29 0.41 0.30 0.30 2.89 3.07 2.96 3.05 3.09 3.05 3.11 P2O50.27 0.27 0.26 0.14 0.19 0.15 0.15 0.46 0.46 0.49 0.43 0.48 0.45 0.42 MnO0.10 0.16 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.16 LOI0.96 0.96 0.89 0.60 0.78 0.59 0.54 1.45 1.66 1.61 1.51 1.78 1.54 1.69 H2O+0.26 0.34 0.26 0.23 0.21 0.15 0.10 0.61 0.69 0.51 0.48 0.62 0.62 0.77 Fe2O3T3.40 3.40 3.37 1.92 2.54 2.07 1.82 9.53 9.96 9.87 9.96 10.10 9.53 9.77 K319613146331463360283677636111359459215880082189713813589669464Ti413640163896173824581798179817323184021774218282185211828218641P1178117811356118296556552007200721381876209519641833

續(xù)表1

Continued Table 1

樣品號PM002-1-2-3-4-5-6-7PM001-1-2-3-4-5-6-7巖性糜棱巖化二長花崗巖輝長閃長玢巖Mg#52525252525352Na2O+K2O8.59 8.54 8.41 8.42 8.72 8.44 8.59 K2O /Na2O0.81 0.80 0.82 1.06 1.03 1.06 1.02 σ3.083.082.882.342.72.352.45AL81847810537994172159747537173572794R11775 1768 1869 2365 2108 2351 2288 R2593 586 585 429 474 427 434 AR2.88 2.90 2.88 3.59 3.51 3.64 3.65 A/CNK0.96 0.96 0.96 0.99 0.96 0.98 0.97 A/NK1.29 1.29 1.29 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.18 AKI0.56 0.56 0.56 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 104×Ga/Al2.63 2.73 2.64 2.47 2.47 2.59 2.51

注:A/CNK=(Al2O3/101.94)/((CaO/56.08)+(Na2O/61.982)+(K2O/94.2)); A/NK=(Al2O3/101.94)/((Na2O/61.982)+(K2O/94.2));σ=molar(Na2O+K2O)2/(SiO2-43); AR=(Na2O+K2O)/(Al2O3+CaO-Na2O-K2O)

圖4 青河巖體主量元素分類圖(a)硅堿圖(Cox et al., 1979);(b)SiO2-K2O圖解;(c)堿度率圖解(Wright, 1969);(d)A/CNK-A/NK 圖(Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976)Fig.4 Major element classification diagrams for the Qinghe intrusive rocks(a) SiO2 vs. Na2O+K2O diagram (Cox et al., 1979) ; (b) SiO2 vs. K2O diagram; (c) diagram of alkality (Wright, 1969) ; (d) A/CNK vs. A/NK diagram (Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976)

表2青河巖體微量、稀土元素豐度(×10-6)及特征參數(shù)

Table 2 Trace and rare earth elements abundances (×10-6) and parameters of the Qinghe intrusive rocks

樣品號D2054-2-1-2-3-4-5-6-7D2054-3-1-2-3-4-5-6-7巖性似斑狀二長花崗巖中細粒二長花崗巖Zr683570215699613334351319398347378274352348Hf16.714.15.8416.613.88.438.978.4410.29.219.867.278.629.05Be2.432.622.82.762.742.672.872.342.842.512.82.492.982.35Ga21.621.221.121.32321.121.221.320.221.921.221.42120.9Ge1.61.621.61.491.751.521.591.491.471.541.611.421.581.46U1.461.651.831.681.31.21.121.521.861.511.791.21.981.32Th8.058.5712.813.87.368.1414.29.419.8310.99.347.8210.68.63Cu17.216.317.216.316.615.718.623.318.122.919.320.620.219.3Pb1515.414.715.717.114.816.519.717.21616.115.615.211.9Zn16010612018178.512311311111112710511987.987.5Cr5.653.64.694.194.433.455.329.11728.216.425.414.326Ni5.175.235.635.387.594.566.1816.812.816.212.41612.615.1Co1212.112.912.612.211.413.214.31315.714.314.514.213.6Li28.528.229.727.529.427.628.237.33239.433.546.73236.3Rb93.196.994.685.495.49391.11071051101101059998.6Cs3.73.964.173.943.613.923.494.16.244.056.053.475.763.6Sr200201184184184192191224209222206230200222Ba505481436417485456452389416371378400362374V7873.68379.673.97392.8118107124121118116110Sc20.621.321.220.121.418.820.919.119.122.722.218.421.817.6Nb17.916.718.117.618.217.918.314.113.615.715.214.815.813.6Ta1.11.081.141.11.231.081.150.880.810.950.990.891.020.83La34.633.844.847.434.433.849.535.93842.13636.740.935.4Ce85.484.210310583.682.911081.683.193.882.683.690.481.7Pr1211.713.513.411.511.514.610.710.512.71111.111.810.6Nd51.949.654.854.348.95058.643.943.450.745.946.350.143.7Sm12.411.612.612.212.511.813.29.689.5611.210.410.511.39.81Eu2.912.812.922.652.972.72.82.421.962.632.082.62.122.45Gd1212.212.41212.411.612.79.369.4611.610.510.111.79.56Tb1.951.952.022.052.051.852.121.51.551.821.721.611.861.45Dy12.512.212.212.512.811.513.59.269.5511109.6311.19.08Ho2.582.52.562.62.522.362.811.981.952.262.12.042.191.86Er7.156.977.127.37.156.67.515.445.196.165.765.555.945.12Tm1.031.021.051.051.061.011.080.770.740.880.830.810.840.75Yb6.526.366.516.556.826.256.654.694.515.445.074.995.244.72Lu0.880.940.950.951.040.920.960.690.660.790.750.720.760.68Y66.464.765.566.265.46468.748.748.656.354.551.356.448.8δEu0.73 0.72 0.71 0.67 0.73 0.71 0.66 0.780.630.710.610.770.560.77(La/Sm)N1.80 1.88 2.30 2.51 1.78 1.85 2.42 2.392.572.432.232.262.342.33(La/Yb)N3.81 3.81 4.94 5.19 3.62 3.88 5.34 5.496.045.555.095.285.605.38(Gd/Yb)N1.52 1.59 1.58 1.52 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.651.741.761.711.671.851.68∑REE310.2 302.6 341.9 346.2 305.1 298.8 364.7 266.6 268.7 309.4 279.2 277.6 302.7 265.7 LREE199.2 193.7 231.6 235.0 193.9 192.7 248.7 184.2 186.5 213.1 188.0 190.8 206.6 183.7 HREE111.0 108.8 110.3 111.2 111.2 106.1 116.0 82.3982.2196.2591.2386.7596.0382.02LREE/HREE1.79 1.78 2.10 2.11 1.74 1.82 2.14 2.242.272.212.062.202.152.24

續(xù)表2

Continued Table 2

樣品號PM002-1-2-3-4-5-6-7PM001-1-2-3-4-5-6-7巖性糜棱巖化二長花崗巖輝長閃長玢巖Zr10817029222831714821038.840.349.437.637.9121135Hf2.934.276.926.267.684.295.561.571.511.741.51.543.163.36Be4.685.024.525.484.645.195.211.191.381.211.191.331.391.2Ga21.522.121.117.818.518.618.320.520.620.62221.419.119.8Ge1.71.691.61.561.421.621.521.581.61.611.711.61.61.48U2.963.323.252.72.3443.120.890.910.940.90.920.920.83Th14.314.414.820.317.72723.54.634.482.934.153.723.322.96Cu13.111.18.886.6710.15.864.7850.855.755.258.15957.655.6Pb20.120.620.622.723.124.124.713.28.278.077.367.46.365.58Zn98.699.258.27977.831.932.21271379794.420013989.5Cr18.111.48.966.768.267.02951.25459.259.957.450.353.1Ni7.457.564.733.373.73.052.884144.743.242.944.244.939Co6.476.115.672.673.72.872.7637.740.441.642.942.740.639.5Li3536.336.23038.23332.720.322.4212444.122.222.5Rb18018718316817420419236.23327.340.131.234.834.2Cs9.579.559.987.938.028.68.331.391.461.181.721.211.621.46Sr16918417467.610086.883.5307325318323360321321Ba580572563214338255270241207190198200166184V46.545.441.821.128.321.220.6401421429448444432409Sc12.912.814.89.2611.67.488.8840.442.122.534.337.833.327.6Nb2322.622.614.118.314.21210.911.311.111.411.71110.7Ta1.761.761.741.131.51.210.980.890.90.850.890.920.860.84La50.25149.223.230.128.528.722.621.319.218.521.516.917.2Ce11011110650.265.364.260.650.247.847.145.249.842.641.8Pr13.213.312.66.288.347.617.796.56.386.666.386.625.955.87Nd51.553.250.625.533.730.831.127.227.628.427.528.126.425.2Sm11.110.910.85.547.57.046.567.517.237.327.167.847.046.68Eu2.212.282.20.831.181.061.012.011.981.881.992.0921.88Gd10.610.810.85.57.366.76.367.997.917.527.788.237.87.27Tb1.71.71.710.911.221.020.991.221.251.221.241.321.241.13Dy10.510.310.55.527.436.285.647.37.357.277.227.867.46.81Ho2.152.132.291.21.551.251.141.461.481.491.531.561.481.39Er6.36.366.663.524.423.423.263.853.963.954.024.154.013.71Tm0.960.981.040.540.670.510.50.580.570.580.590.60.570.55Yb6.556.6673.614.33.313.223.653.683.683.713.923.723.52Lu0.950.971.030.540.640.50.490.510.510.530.550.530.520.49Y64.667.664.23447.536.133.546.544.24043.346.346.340.1δEu0.620.640.620.460.490.470.480.790.800.770.820.800.830.82(La/Sm)N2.923.022.942.702.592.612.821.941.901.691.671.771.551.66(La/Yb)N5.505.495.044.615.026.186.394.444.153.743.583.933.263.50(Gd/Yb)N1.341.341.281.261.421.671.631.811.781.691.731.741.731.71∑REE342.5 349.2 336.6 166.9 221.2 198.3 190.9 189.1 183.2176.8176.7 190.4 173.9 163.6LREE238.2 241.7 231.4 111.6 146.1 139.2 135.8 116.0 112.3 110.6 106.7 116.0 100.9 98.63HREE104.3 107.5105.2 55.3475.0959.0955.10 73.0670.9166.2469.9474.4773.0464.97LREE/HREE2.282.252.202.021.952.362.461.591.581.671.531.561.381.52

注:δEu=Eu/SQRT (Sm×Gd); (La/Yb)N為球粒隕石標準化后之比

表3青河巖體LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb測年數(shù)據(jù)

Table 3 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age data of the Qinghe intrusive rocks

測點號元素(×10-6)ThU206PbTh/U同位素比值年齡(Ma)207Pb206Pb誤差207Pb235U誤差206Pb238U誤差207Pb206Pb誤差207Pb235U誤差206Pb238U誤差諧和度D2054-2 似斑狀黑云二長花崗巖01177.3 374.0 65.980.470.05550.00180.32760.01060.04290.000543171288827139402182.3 371.1 66.990.490.05440.00270.32880.0160.04390.000738710728912277410403244.9 732.1 133.4 0.330.05410.00160.33010.00960.04440.000537565290728031040580.3286.7 53.020.280.05470.00290.33890.01760.0450.000740211429613284410406121.6 505.9 89.330.240.05570.00160.32960.00950.0430.0005442642897271310707181.5354.9 65.820.510.05260.00230.32680.01380.04520.00063129528711285410108137.7 541.1 98.760.250.05510.00150.3370.0090.04450.0005417592957280310509280.6 577.8 106.6 0.490.05340.00150.33020.0090.04490.0005347612907283310210123.0 514.4 93.90.240.05220.00150.3250.00910.04530.0005295632867285310011126.0 466.9 82.750.270.05270.00160.3130.00960.04320.0005316692777273310112109.2 276.6 50.210.390.05150.00260.31960.01580.04520.00072621112821228549913315.9 417.2 750.760.05050.00160.31080.00980.04480.00052187327582823971490.19222.8 40.230.40.05180.00230.31960.01420.04490.00062789928211283410015115.1346.2 62.990.330.0530.00260.3230.01530.04440.000732710628412280410217174.0 411.6 75.610.420.05370.0020.3310.01190.04480.0006360802909283410318110.6 283.6 50.190.390.05240.00210.31310.01260.04350.0006304902771027441011979.75138.1 25.820.580.05210.00280.31430.01650.04390.00072911172781327741002073.9250.6430.290.05240.00270.32290.01630.04490.00073021132841328341002196.63153.2 27.190.630.05490.00370.32720.02160.04330.00084101432871627451052276.44167.9 30.290.460.05440.00290.32920.01740.0440.00073881162891327841042399.25409.1 75.720.240.05680.00180.35260.0110.04520.000648269307828531082468.43307.0 56.220.220.05230.00230.32130.01370.04470.0006298962831128241002645.9384.314.860.540.05280.0050.31230.02920.04310.00131920227623272610127230.6 477.4 84.620.480.05640.00230.34690.01380.04480.0006468883021028241072840.0569.6312.840.580.05170.00520.32010.0320.04510.0012732162822528469929133.2 167.1 30.650.80.05160.00320.31740.01930.04480.00082661362801528359930191.9 557.8 102.2 0.340.04940.00150.30380.00920.04480.0005166702697283395D2054-3中細粒二長花崗巖0170.71343.5 62.780.210.05140.00230.31560.01360.04470.0006260982791128249902196.2 442.6 81.190.440.05120.00210.31530.01250.04490.000624990278102834980350.22284.5 51.330.180.05250.00250.31840.0150.04410.00063091052811227841010460.93206.5 36.320.30.05250.00330.31590.01980.04380.000830813827915276510105131.1345.8 63.420.380.05190.00280.31950.01720.04490.00072791212821328349906185.4 305.7 54.760.610.05050.00290.30390.01690.04380.00072181262691327749707132.8 304.5 54.650.440.05230.00220.31550.01310.04390.00063009327910277410108122.4 430.779.330.280.0510.00170.30660.01030.04380.00052397627282763980963.5146.7 26.660.430.050.00350.30550.02110.04450.0008194155271162815961048.73159.1 28.730.310.05180.00420.31640.02510.04450.00092751742791928169911193.9 452.5 80.650.430.05760.0020.34510.01160.04370.0006514733019275310912192.0 265.2 47.220.720.05350.00230.32040.01380.04360.00063529628211275410313234.9 535.3 97.60.440.0560.00180.34350.01080.04470.0006453693008282310614126.6 193.234.620.660.05130.00310.3090.01860.04390.00072541352731427759915122.2 491.1 87.550.250.05720.00190.3430.01150.04370.0006498742999276310916264.6 456.6 81.360.580.05650.00210.33870.01230.04370.0006472802969276410717224.1 605.3103.7 0.370.05410.00190.32330.01140.04360.0006373782859275310319224.2 531.9 96.840.420.05230.00160.32040.00970.04470.0005298682827282310020280.2 334.2 59.210.840.05970.00260.36990.01580.04520.00075919232012285411221174.0 403.5 72.830.430.05880.00210.3570.01260.04430.0006559763109279411122205.6 256.7 47.250.80.0530.00240.32870.01490.04520.00063301012891128541012484.48436.1 77.790.190.0560.00210.33630.01230.04380.00064528029492764107

續(xù)表3

Continued Table 3

測點號元素(×10-6)ThU206PbTh/U同位素比值年齡(Ma)207Pb206Pb誤差207Pb235U誤差206Pb238U誤差207Pb206Pb誤差207Pb235U誤差206Pb238U誤差諧和度25149.0 408.3 73.690.360.05250.00220.31940.01320.04430.0006309922811028041012692.28174.2 31.380.530.05150.00320.31250.01920.04420.00072631372761527949928124.7470.4 84.580.270.06060.00170.37250.01060.04480.0005624613228283311429141.9 428.7 76.360.330.0570.00180.34220.01080.04380.000549269299827631083084.2223142.280.360.05570.00230.34370.01410.0450.000644190300112844106PM002-2糜棱巖化二長花崗巖02145.4253.145.630.570.05330.00240.32690.01480.04450.000634110028711281410203640.17446.183.731.430.05280.00190.32890.01140.04520.000632178289928541010451.8263.7311.900.810.05220.00590.32480.03620.04510.001129523928628284710005306.1746.2128.60.410.00190.34220.01100.04320.0006510702998273311007201.7546.198.450.360.00160.31980.00960.04360.000533967282727531030888.35168.330.270.530.05270.00290.31830.01730.04380.00073161202811327641020951.68114.219.970.450.05210.00450.32420.02740.04510.000929018328521285510010120.9301.355.390.400.05350.00270.32120.01600.04360.000734911028312275410312112.7148.327.820.760.05140.00300.32120.01840.04530.0007260128283142864991341.1269.4412.810.590.05140.00450.31790.02730.04490.0009257188280212835991650.1079.0514.380.630.05020.00450.31190.02760.04510.00092041962762128469717152.7360.366.700.420.05190.00200.32420.01220.04530.0006282852859286410018168.3228.7943.460.740.05410.00240.33930.01460.04550.00073749529711287410319152.0147.626.151.030.05310.00340.33030.02070.04510.00083351372901628451022081.1787.5516.530.930.05160.00400.32120.02460.04520.0008266168283192855992185.02120.122.180.710.05570.00410.33280.02390.04330.000844115429218274510722197.3324.960.210.610.05140.00200.32240.01220.04550.000626086284928749923502.0722.6130.70.690.05370.00140.33420.00870.04510.000535958293728531032486.38109.520.170.790.05090.00360.31590.02200.04500.0008236155279172845982534.8857.1910.260.610.05200.00490.31880.02960.04450.001028520228123281610026101.3163.830.190.620.00250.31950.01540.04540.00072451092821228649828363.8416.375.290.870.05440.00180.33690.01080.04490.000638871295828341042969.14275.850.400.250.05560.00210.34110.01240.04450.00064348029892814106PM001-1輝長閃長玢巖01248.7 286.6 121.0 0.870.05190.00130.30180.00740.04220.0007283552686266410102127.9 303.5 52.430.420.04930.00140.2880.00780.04240.000716364257626749603220.2 204.3 60.961.080.05360.00150.31190.00860.04230.000735263276726751030446.863.735.630.730.04780.00370.28050.02150.04260.001861772511726969305238.4 269.4 11.610.880.05240.00130.30810.00750.04270.0007302552736269410106132.0 149.4 44.540.880.05050.00160.2930.00890.04210.000821771261726659808114.8 119.9 29.710.960.05640.00250.33180.01380.04270.001466962911127061080981.3489.3223.450.910.04910.00330.28580.01770.04220.00121551482551426689611227.6184.533.821.230.05220.00220.30820.01220.04280.000929393273927061011481.9590.3816.420.910.0510.00260.30250.01490.04310.0009239113268122726991556.0696.216.980.580.05190.00230.30540.01290.04270.0009281972711026951001679.5137.118.270.580.05170.00160.30630.00930.0430.000827071271727251001775.5797.5825.510.770.04950.00280.29510.01580.04320.00111721272631227379618202.3187.618.241.080.0510.00140.30240.00810.0430.000724062268627249919154.0 150.9120.8 1.020.05570.00170.31840.00930.04150.0008440662817262510720237.2 213.1 26.11.110.05240.00150.31010.00840.04290.0008304632747271510124206.5 330.3 20.60.630.04870.00130.29220.00770.04360.00071316226062754952591.27112.0 120.30.810.05310.00310.31170.01680.04260.001233312627613269710229323.4 248.6 15.751.300.05150.00130.30750.00740.04330.000726255272627441003065.9288.1845.350.750.05280.00350.30760.01910.04230.0013321145272152678102

注:諧和度=100×207Pb/235Pb年齡/206Pb/238U年齡

圖5 青河侵入巖球粒隕石標準化稀土元素配分圖(a,標準化值據(jù)Boynton, 1984)和原始地幔標準化微量元素蛛網(wǎng)圖(b,標準化值據(jù)McDonough and Sun, 1995)Fig.5 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, normalization values after Boynton, 1984) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams (b, normalization values after McDonough and Sun, 1995)

堿鋁指數(shù)AKI=0.56~0.67,略低于Whalenetal. (1987)劃定的A型花崗巖的AKI平均值(0.95)。10000×Ga/Al=2.85~2.47,低于世界A型花崗巖值3.75(Whalenetal., 1987) A/CNK=0.90~0.99,A/NK=1.49~1.59,屬于準鋁質(zhì)花崗巖系列(圖4d)。TiO2含量低(0.29%~1.32%),貧 Fe2O3T=1.82%~6.75%,CaO含量變化于1.29%~3.76%,MgO=0.45%~2.13%。輝長閃長玢巖樣品SiO2含量介于51.66%~53.6%,屬于鈣堿性系列。TiO2含量變化于2.89%~3.11%,Al2O3含量為14.17%~14.15%,F(xiàn)e2O3T=9.53%~9.96%,CaO含量6.81%~7.36%,MgO=4.42%~4.69%,Mg#值為52~53。

稀土、微量元素分析結(jié)果顯示(表2),青河巖體稀土元素總量高,∑REE=163.6×10-6~349.2×10-6,其中輕稀土為98.63×10-6~213.1×10-6,重稀土為55.10×10-6~116.0×10-6。輕重稀土分餾較為明顯,LREE/HREE=1.38~2.46,(La/Yb)N=3.26~6.39。(La/Sm)N=1.55~3.02,(Gd/Yb)N=1.26~1.85,樣品δEu變化于0.46~0.83(圖5a),顯示Eu負異常,球粒隕石標準化稀土元素配分曲線呈右傾型“海鷗”狀(圖5a)。

原始地幔標準化微量元素顯示(圖5b),4個樣品均富集大離子親石元素Rb、K、Th、U、Pb。其中3個花崗巖樣品虧損高場強元素Nb、Ta、La、Ce、Ti、P等和Ba、Sr元素;輝長閃長玢巖樣品雖然同樣虧損高場強元素Nb、Ta、La、Ce和Sr元素,但是P和Ti元素富集。

3.2 年代學(xué)及Hf同位素特征

對4件樣品分別進行了鋯石分選和反射光、透射光、陰極發(fā)光等顯微照相(圖6)。陰極發(fā)光照片顯示似斑狀黑云母二長花崗巖、中細粒二長花崗巖鋯石形態(tài)和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)較為相似,呈長柱狀,環(huán)帶特征明顯;糜棱巖化二長花崗巖鋯石呈短柱狀,環(huán)帶清晰,但較為破碎,可能與后期脆-韌性變形作用改造有關(guān);輝長閃長玢巖鋯石晶體形態(tài)不完整,部分為柱狀,陰極發(fā)光照片顯示鋯石內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,具有分帶特征,部分鋯石中生長環(huán)帶清楚。以上樣品鋯石Th/U比值介于0.18~1.30之間,大于0.1,均為巖漿成因。

通過LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb測年,獲得一批高精度的年代學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果顯示所有鋯石的207Pb/235Pb和206Pb/238U年齡諧和性較好(表3,諧和度=(207Pb/235Pb)/(206Pb/238U)),在諧和線上分別形成一個較大年齡集中區(qū),年齡分別為283±3Ma(n=20,MSWD=0.81)、280±2Ma(n=27,MSWD=0.75)、286±2Ma(n=27,MSWD=1.2)和269±1Ma(n=20,MSWD=0.75),與加權(quán)平均年齡280±2Ma、280±1Ma、282±2Ma(n=23,MSWD=1.3)和269±2Ma誤差范圍內(nèi)一致(圖7),證明測年數(shù)據(jù)準確可靠,將其諧和年齡作為該侵入巖的形成時代,認為這些花崗巖形成于早二疊世中期,輝長閃長玢巖時代劃歸早二疊世晚期。

本文對4件樣品中的測年鋯石部分進行了原位Hf同位素測試,分析點與U-Pb年齡編號一致(表4)。結(jié)果顯示鋯石εHf(t)值均為正值,分別變化于+6.64~+9.74、+6.06~+10.51、+3.3~+11.78和+4.04~+10.27,二階段模式年齡tDM2分別為880~686Ma、923~784Ma、875~621Ma和1030~635Ma(表4)。

4 討論

4.1 巖體形成時代及意義

青河二疊紀侵入巖出露于中國阿爾泰東南部,本文對其中的3件花崗巖樣品進行了鋯石U-Pb測年,并獲得一致的同位素年齡(283±3Ma、280±2Ma和286±2Ma)。該年齡基本可以代表該巖體的形成時代,并與區(qū)域上堿性或富堿花崗巖形成時代較為一致,如喇嘛昭巖體(276±9Ma,王濤等,2005)、沙爾布拉克二云母花崗巖(275.1±1.7Ma,孫桂華等,2009)、富蘊縣南線形花崗巖體(281~275Ma,童英等,2006b)以及塔克什肯口岸富堿花崗巖(286±1Ma,童英等,2006a),前人將這些巖體定義為后造山型花崗巖;另外,可與研究區(qū)以西發(fā)育的后碰撞強過鋁質(zhì)花崗巖(283±4Ma,周剛等,2007)、阿勒泰市東南以及富蘊烏恰溝等地的高溫麻粒巖形成時代進行對比(292.8±2.3Ma,王偉等,2009;厲子龍等,2004,2010;279~268Ma,陳漢林等,2006)。區(qū)內(nèi)輝長閃長玢巖形成時代為269±1Ma,較似斑狀黑云母二長花崗巖形成時間要晚,這與兩者野外宏觀接觸特征一致(圖3g)。本研究結(jié)合前人成果表明阿爾泰造山帶南緣,沿額爾齊斯斷裂兩側(cè),從西往東發(fā)育較大規(guī)模的早二疊世富堿性花崗巖帶,進而認為,青河二疊紀巖體可能同屬后造山型侵入巖。

表4青河巖體鋯石Hf同位素分析

Table 4 Hf isotopic analyses for zircons from the Qinghe intrusive rocks

續(xù)表4

Continued Table 4

測點號Age(Ma)176Yb177Hf2σ176Lu177Hf2σ176Hf177Hf176Hf177Hf()i2σεHf(t)2σtDM1(Ma)tDM2(Ma)fLu/Hf212790.0606280.0030990.0019580.0000890.2827770.2827660.0000166.060.57692923-0.94222850.0427470.0006610.0013690.0000140.2828330.2828260.0000148.030.49601792-0.96242760.0589140.0024590.0018730.0000660.2827840.2827740.0000166.130.56680911-0.94252800.0669580.0008100.0022040.0000270.2828400.2828290.0000168.150.56604785-0.93262790.0492980.0003230.0015610.0000100.2829040.2828960.00001610.510.55501633-0.95282830.0601090.0013950.0021010.0000440.2828180.2828070.0000147.440.50635833-0.94292760.0635760.0006220.0021000.0000100.2828400.2828290.0000148.080.50602786-0.94PM002-2 糜棱巖化二長花崗巖012810.0663280.0016340.0020720.0000310.2828770.2828670.0000159.510.53547698-0.94022850.0716620.0016620.0021570.0000120.2829120.2829010.00001910.720.68498621-0.94032840.1205970.0045170.0036040.0001660.2828320.2828130.0000207.720.68640817-0.89042730.0378350.0015140.0011620.0000260.2828230.2828170.0000197.840.65611808-0.96072750.0481390.0009140.0016140.0000330.2828630.2828550.0000168.970.57561729-0.95092760.0650620.0018260.0020080.0000280.2829020.2828910.00001710.290.59511645-0.94102850.0410420.0038490.0013000.0001270.2828810.2828740.0000139.860.46531679-0.96122860.0598510.0011200.0018800.0000500.2828670.2828580.0000159.300.53559716-0.94132830.0562800.0006490.0017330.0000140.2828820.2828720.0000199.770.66536683-0.95172860.1292740.0016220.0037220.0000900.2829040.2828840.00001810.260.64533655-0.89182870.0738330.0021640.0021860.0000370.2828590.2828480.0000188.920.61575739-0.93202850.0563470.0010650.0017000.0000110.2829040.2828950.00001810.380.64503637-0.95212740.0534160.0010060.0016040.0000070.2828680.2828590.0000189.390.62554711-0.95222870.0688940.0022410.0020280.0000500.2828800.2828700.0000159.700.52543690-0.94232850.0690240.0021450.0019910.0000380.2828610.2828510.0000159.020.52570732-0.94242840.0571940.0010700.0016760.0000090.2828560.2828470.0000148.830.50572742-0.95252810.0351460.0005660.0010960.0000070.2828980.2828920.00001410.540.49503636-0.97262860.0686770.0021590.0020040.0000230.2828890.2828780.0000159.980.53529670-0.94282830.0582300.0025230.0017180.0000370.2828520.2828430.0000138.700.46578751-0.95292810.0214950.0001310.0007220.0000060.2828660.2828620.0000123.330.44543875-0.98PM001輝長閃長玢巖012660.0137370.0000970.0005360.0000030.2828190.2828170.0000177.340.61610820-0.98022670.0166280.0003940.0006350.0000130.2827960.2827930.0000206.500.72645874-0.98032670.0450430.0001470.0016380.0000060.2829020.2828940.0000219.880.76517658-0.95052690.0183660.0002140.0007100.0000080.2828550.2828520.0000218.610.74564741-0.98062660.0227680.0002150.0008420.0000070.2828930.2828880.0000239.810.82514662-0.97082700.0377550.0002180.0013590.0000080.2828190.2828120.0000227.100.79630838-0.96092660.0445120.0000620.0016600.0000010.2827380.2827290.0000254.040.897551030-0.95112700.0475820.0007300.0017140.0000260.2828750.2828660.0000228.970.78558719-0.95142720.0339880.0000790.0012660.0000030.2828310.2828250.0000247.610.84611807-0.96152690.0106120.0001970.0004110.0000070.2828500.2828480.0000208.540.71564746-0.99162720.0274980.0000710.0010120.0000010.2828840.2828790.0000299.571.04529682-0.97172730.0316240.0000960.0011590.0000030.2828990.2828930.00001910.070.67512651-0.97182720.0322130.0003960.0011530.0000120.2828770.2828710.0000239.260.82543702-0.97202710.0374320.0002050.0013560.0000060.2828570.2828500.0000268.450.91576752-0.96242750.0378050.0001340.0014510.0000040.2828360.2828280.0000267.770.93608799-0.96252690.0251460.0003480.0009040.0000130.2829040.2829000.00002610.270.91498635-0.97302670.0209320.0000980.0007850.0000030.2828770.2828730.0000279.310.97534695-0.98

圖6 青河巖體代表性鋯石CL圖像Fig.6 Representative cathodoluminescence (CL) images for the zircon from the Qinghe intrusive rocks

圖7 青河地區(qū)中酸性侵入巖鋯石U-Pb諧和年齡圖Fig.7 U-Pb concordia diagrams for zircon of the intrusive rocks in the Qinghe area

圖8 輝長閃長玢巖鋯石年齡-εHf(t)同位素相關(guān)性圖解Fig.8 Age vs. εHf(t) discrimination pattern for the gabbrodiorite porphyrite

4.2 源區(qū)性質(zhì)

阿勒泰東南出露的喇嘛昭I-A過渡型巖體(276±9Ma)和塔克什肯口岸富堿性花崗巖(286±1Ma)Sr-Nd同位素特征均表明年輕幔源物質(zhì)對花崗巖的形成具有重要貢獻(王濤等,2005;童英等,2006c)。童英等(2006c)通過對中國阿爾泰花崗巖Pb同位素填圖認為,阿爾泰花崗巖不論何種類型、何種構(gòu)造背景以及任何時代都具有相似的Pb同位素組成特點,均顯示上地?;蛏畈康貧さ奈镌磳傩?。青河早二疊世花崗巖類和輝長閃長玢巖鋯石Hf同位素測試結(jié)果顯示εHf(t)值均為正值(+4.04~+11.78),在鋯石年齡-Hf同位素相關(guān)性圖解中,樣品接近于虧損地幔源區(qū)(圖8),揭示青河巖體源巖可能均來源于上地?;蛐滟|(zhì)下地殼物質(zhì)。二階段模式年齡tDM2分別變化于880~694Ma、923~633Ma、875~621Ma、1030~635Ma,說明其主要物源很可能來自新元古代物質(zhì)的重熔。加之4個樣品均存在875~633階段的模式年齡重疊區(qū),說明青河二疊紀中酸性巖體具有相似的源區(qū)特征。

圖9 青河巖體10000×Ga/Al對Zr、Nb、Zr+Nb+Ce+Y,K2O-Na2O(據(jù)Collins et al., 1982)及(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)對FeOT/MgO、(Fe2O3+Na2O)/CaO成因分類圖(據(jù)Whalen et al.,1987)FG=分異的I型花崗巖區(qū);OGT=未分異I,S,M型花崗巖區(qū)Fig.9 10000×Ga/Al vs. Zr, Nb and Zr+Nb+Ce+Y, K2O-Na2O (after Collins et al., 1982), Zr+Nb+Ce+Y vs. FeOT/MgO and (Fe2O3+Na2O)/CaO (after Whalen et al., 1987) discriminant diagrams for the Qinghe plutonFG=field for fractionated I-type granitoids; OGT=field for unfractionated I-, S- and M-type granites

鋯石Hf二階段模式年齡tDM2絕大部分變化于900~700Ma(表4),與Rodinia超大陸裂解并形成古亞洲洋的時間較為一致(eng?retal., 1993; Xuetal., 2005; Zhangetal., 2006; Windleyetal., 2007; Kheraskovaetal., 2010; Xiaoetal., 2010)。已有研究表明,由于Rodinia超大陸裂解,在西伯利亞南緣形成了1.0Ga左右的蛇綠巖帶(Khainetal., 1997, 2003; Cocks and Torsvik, 2007; Wilhemetal., 2012; Yakubchuk, 2017),同時在其南緣裂離出微陸塊(李天德和吳柏青,1996;李天德和波里揚斯基,2001;Windleyetal., 2002;李會軍等,2006),經(jīng)過后期地質(zhì)演化形成阿爾泰造山帶。如果該觀點成立,在該微陸塊內(nèi)部極有可能保留了Rodinia裂解事件的信息。由此以來,青河中酸性巖體鋯石εHf(t)(+4.04~+11.78)和tDM2(900~700Ma)成為最好的證據(jù)。結(jié)合青河以西喇嘛昭后造山巖體一致的εHf(t)值(+1.3~+2.8)和Nd模式年齡(tDM=940~850Ma),不但指示了阿爾泰造山帶深部存在由新元古代幔源物質(zhì)組成的新生地殼,而且為二疊紀青河巖體的形成提供了物源。因此,我們認為新元古代裂解引起地幔物質(zhì)上涌形成的新生地殼可能是青河中酸性侵入巖的主要物質(zhì)來源。

4.3 巖體成因類型

花崗巖樣品SiO2含量變化較大,整體富硅(SiO2=61.98%~73.35%),富堿(K2O+Na2O=5.84%~8.72%,堿度率AR=2.12~3.65),低鈣(1.29%~3.76%),K2O/Na2O比值為0.78~1.06,里特曼指數(shù)σ介于2.35~3.08之間,屬于高鉀鈣堿性花崗巖系,整體顯示向堿性過渡特點(圖4c),但A12O3(13.53%~15. 58%)高于一般的堿性花崗巖(一般小于12%,王濤等,2005)。研究顯示,堿性花崗巖通常富堿貧鈣,富鐵貧鎂、富氟貧水以及富Zr、∑Ce、∑Y、Nb、Ta(袁忠信,2001)。然而,青河花崗巖體中Nb、Ta、Zr、Ce、Y相對虧損,而且未發(fā)現(xiàn)堿性花崗巖特有的暗色礦物霓(輝)石、鈉閃石等,與堿性花崗巖明顯不同。但是,Ba、Sr、P、Ti虧損, Rb、K、Th、U、Pb富集,以及稀土配分曲線顯示右傾型 “海鷗狀”,Eu負異常,符合A型花崗巖一般特征(Hongetal.,1996)。

青河花崗巖體在Whalenetal.(1987)的花崗巖成因類型分類圖上,落入A型或I,S-A邊界區(qū)(圖9a-c);在Collinsetal.(1982)的K2O/Na2O分類圖上,落入A型或I-A邊界區(qū)(圖9d)?;贏型花崗巖不相容元素不受分異程度影響,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y常被用來區(qū)分高分異的I型和A型花崗巖(Whalenetal.,1987)。在(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-(FeOT/MgO)和(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-(Fe2O3+Na2O)/CaO圖上,樣品基本落在高分異(FG)I型和未分異I-,S-,M-型(OGT)花崗巖以外的區(qū)域(圖9e, f)。因此,我們認為青河酸性巖體應(yīng)該屬于A型花崗巖,與阿爾泰造山帶中南部同時代(276±9Ma)喇嘛昭后造山巖體(I-A過渡型)地球化學(xué)特征相似(王濤等,2005)。

圖10 青河巖體哈克圖解Fig.10 Hark diagrams of the Qinghe intrusive rocks

圖11 青河巖體構(gòu)造環(huán)境判別圖(a) R1-R2圖解(Batchelor and Bowden, 1985);(b)Y+Nb-Rb圖解(Pearce, 1996);(c) Y/Nb-Rb/Nb和Y/Nb-Sc/Nb圖解(Eby, 1992);(d)Nb-Y-Ce和Nb-Y-Ga×3圖解(Eby, 1992). VAG-火山弧花崗巖;ORG-洋脊花崗巖;WPG-板內(nèi)花崗巖;Syn-COLG-同碰撞花崗巖;A1-非造山;A2-后碰撞Fig.11 Tectonic discrimination diagrams for the Qinghe pluton(a) R1 vs. R2 diagram (Batchelor and Bowden, 1985); (b) Y+Nb vs. Rb diagram (Pearce, 1996); (c) Y/Nb vs. Rb/Nb and Y/Nb vs. Sc/Nb diagrams (after Eby, 1992); (d) Nb-Y-Ce and Nb-Y-Ga×3 diagrams (Eby, 1992). VAG-volcanic arc granite; ORG-ocean-ridge granite; WPG-within-plate granite; Syn-COLG-syncollision granite; A1-anorogenic; A2-post orogenic

目前,對于A型花崗巖成因包括:1)中下地殼高鉀、貧水巖石的部分熔融(Collinsetal., 1982; Whalenetal., 1987; Patio Douce, 1997);2)玄武質(zhì)巖漿的結(jié)晶分異(Eby 1990, 1992; Tuneretal., 1992; Kingetal., 2001);3)富F、Cl的熔體與早期殘余巖漿或花崗巖發(fā)生交代作用(Taylor, 1980; Harrisetal., 1986)等多種模式。而且,被認為是板內(nèi)花崗巖(Pearceetal., 1984)、后碰撞堿性花崗巖(Sylvester, 1989)或非造山花崗巖(Rogers and Greenberg, 1990)。Eby(1990, 1992)和Hongetal.(1996)又將A型花崗巖細分為非造山(A1、AA)和后碰撞(A2、PA)兩種類型。然而,無論是何種劃分方式,較為一致的是該類花崗巖形成于伸展構(gòu)造環(huán)境(洪大衛(wèi)等,1995;王德滋等,1995;吳才來等,1998)。

4.4 巖漿成因

地球化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,青河早二疊世侵入體成巖過程中發(fā)生了巖漿的結(jié)晶分異作用,主要表現(xiàn)在:1)花崗巖微量元素Sr、Ba、P、Ti的明顯負異常,指示了斜長石、磷灰石、鈦鐵礦和榍石等礦物發(fā)生了分離結(jié)晶作用;2)哈克圖解上(圖10),無論是單一巖體(包括輝長閃長玢巖),還是似斑狀二長花崗巖-中細粒二長花崗-糜棱巖化二長花崗巖,SiO2和其他氧化物之間均顯示良好的線性關(guān)系,除了與Na2O和K2O為正相關(guān),與Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、TiO2、P2O5和MnO為負相關(guān),整體呈現(xiàn)了典型的巖漿結(jié)晶分異演化趨勢(圖10)。因此,青河A型花崗巖可能屬于玄武質(zhì)巖漿的結(jié)晶分異成因模式(Tuneretal., 1992; Eby, 1990, 1992; Kingetal., 2001)。

已有資料顯示,阿爾泰造山帶南緣發(fā)育二疊紀基性巖脈,如早二疊世喀拉通克(287± 5Ma,韓寶福等,2004;287±4Ma,焦建剛等,2014)、錫伯杜、阿拉托別和托別巴斯陶基性巖體等(楊文平等,2004)。Sr-Nd-O同位素或地球化學(xué)特征顯示這些巖體均起源于虧損的軟流圈地幔(張招崇等,2003,2006;楊文平等,2004;焦建剛等,2014),揭示了一定規(guī)模的幔源巖漿侵入。如此看來,這些基性巖體似乎具備了產(chǎn)生A型花崗巖的物質(zhì)條件,然而,事實并非如此,原因有三:1)這些基性脈體與青河A型花崗巖同時代,不可能在形成過程中同時發(fā)生結(jié)晶分異產(chǎn)生酸性巖體;2)這些脈體在研究區(qū)或者整個阿爾泰造山帶南緣零星分布,而堿性或A型花崗巖呈帶狀連續(xù)分布,出露面積較大,不可能由這些基性巖脈直接分異出如此規(guī)模的酸性巖體;3)青河A型花崗巖具有早期玄武質(zhì)下地殼物質(zhì)重熔性質(zhì),前已述及,巖體εHf(t)均為正值,二階段模式年齡(tDM2)集中變化于900~700Ma,指示新元古代幔源巖漿形成的玄武質(zhì)新生地殼可能是青河后造山侵入巖形成的主要物質(zhì)來源。然而,導(dǎo)致該熔融事件發(fā)生的熱來自何處?近來,筆者在沿青河侵入體延伸方向以西發(fā)現(xiàn)了含有大量暗色閃長質(zhì)暗色微粒包體的花崗巖和高溫基性麻粒巖(另文發(fā)表),其中包體和寄主花崗巖形成時代分別為283±2Ma和284±2Ma,基性麻粒巖的圍巖輝長巖形成時代為~277Ma。因此,我們認為引發(fā)下地殼物質(zhì)發(fā)生部分熔融的熱源很有可能來自早二疊世強烈的殼幔相互作用,而基性麻粒巖以及青河A型花崗巖的產(chǎn)生是該過程物質(zhì)、能量轉(zhuǎn)換的重要表現(xiàn)形式。因此,我們推測在早二疊世碰撞造山作用結(jié)束之后,在由擠壓轉(zhuǎn)向伸展的構(gòu)造背景下,由于俯沖板片斷離導(dǎo)致了軟流圈物質(zhì)上涌底侵玄武質(zhì)下地殼(900~700Ma)發(fā)生部分熔融,形成源巖漿,之后在其就位過程中發(fā)生結(jié)晶分異,最終產(chǎn)生青河后造山中酸性巖體。該巖體成因與興蒙造山帶晚古生代-中生代花崗巖(洪大衛(wèi)等,2000)和華北板塊北緣烏梁斯太A型花崗巖(羅紅玲等,2009)形成機制十分類似。

4.5 構(gòu)造環(huán)境及地殼生長

阿爾泰造山帶早二疊世構(gòu)造環(huán)境存在板塊俯沖(陳漢林等,2006;厲子龍等,2010;林秀斌等,2010)和碰撞后伸展(童英等,2006b, c;王偉等,2009)兩種觀點。另外,也有人提出早泥盆世就已經(jīng)發(fā)生了碰撞(李會軍等,2010)。一般認為,A型花崗巖具有一定的構(gòu)造指示意義,是造山作用結(jié)束的標志。青河巖體在R1-R2圖解中,花崗巖樣品全部落在碰撞后隆起-造山晚期區(qū)域(圖11a)。在Y+Nb-Rb協(xié)變圖上(Pearceetal., 1984; Pearce, 1996)顯示由火山弧向板內(nèi)構(gòu)造環(huán)境過渡的后碰撞性質(zhì)(圖11b)。在Eby(1992)關(guān)于A型花崗巖成因分類圖上,樣品均落在指示后碰撞環(huán)境的A2區(qū)(圖11c,d),說明它不可能形成于板內(nèi)構(gòu)造環(huán)境,而是造山后期相對穩(wěn)定的張性環(huán)境(周若等,1997)。通過對比區(qū)域上阿爾泰造山帶南緣同構(gòu)造位置從東往西發(fā)育的一系列指示伸展背景的(富)堿性或A(I-A)型花崗巖(胡靄琴等,1997;286±1Ma,童英等,2006a;Windleyetal., 2002;276±9Ma,王濤等,2005;張湘炳等,1996;281~275Ma,童英等,2006b;275.1±1.7Ma,孫桂華等,2009),以及額爾齊斯斷裂帶以南的烏倫古堿性花崗巖等地球化學(xué)和年代學(xué)特征(趙振華等,1996;Hanetal., 1997,單顆粒鋯石 U-Pb 年齡 314Ma~323Ma,315.9Ma,Rb-Sr法,劉家遠和劉奎榮,1996),并結(jié)合沈曉明等(2013)利用淡色花崗巖(~313Ma)對于阿爾泰造山帶南緣碰撞時限的約束,筆者認為,阿爾泰造山帶東南緣在早二疊世已經(jīng)處于造山后伸展的構(gòu)造環(huán)境。

阿爾泰造山帶屬于典型的增生型造山帶,是解析大陸造山作用類型與探索大陸生長過程的重要窗口。研究表明,大陸地殼生長包括垂向生長和側(cè)向增生。前者是指大陸地殼從地幔萃取過程,后者是指大陸生長通過弧和微陸塊碰撞過程(Condie, 1990)。已有資料顯示,后造山地殼的生長包括新的地幔巖漿底侵引起的垂向生長(王濤等,2005)和殘留在陸殼中的俯沖洋殼或年輕增生楔物質(zhì)重熔、通過再循環(huán)加入到地殼產(chǎn)生的水平生長(Coleman,1989;洪大衛(wèi)等,2000; Hongetal., 2004,童英等,2006c)。阿爾泰造山帶的南緣廣泛發(fā)育基性-超基性巖脈,包括早二疊世喀拉通克、錫伯杜、阿拉托別和托別巴斯陶基性巖體等(張招崇等,2003,韓寶福等,2004,2006;楊文平等,2004;焦建剛等,2014),代表了一定規(guī)模的幔源巖漿上侵事件,是殼幔相互作用的最好證據(jù),進而揭示二疊紀阿爾泰造山帶由于幔源巖漿的上升侵位而引發(fā)了地殼的垂向生長。

5 結(jié)論

(1)青河后造山中酸性侵入巖形成于早二疊世(269~286Ma);

(2)青河后造山花崗巖屬于高鉀鈣堿性系列,具有A型花崗巖特征。

(3)青河中酸性侵入巖源巖來自玄武質(zhì)下地殼,是后碰撞伸展背景下形成,其熱源主要來自于早二疊世幔源巖漿的底侵作用。

(4)阿爾泰造山帶于早二疊世之前已經(jīng)結(jié)束了碰撞造山作用并轉(zhuǎn)向伸展的構(gòu)造背景;玄武質(zhì)巖漿直接參與了巖體的形成,反映了強烈的殼幔相互作用和地殼垂向生長。

致謝本文在鋯石測年過程中得到了西安地調(diào)中心靳夢琪,李艷廣和汪雙雙工程師的幫助;寫作過程中與香港大學(xué)劉潛博士進行了有益的討論;在此一并表示感謝!最后要衷心感謝兩位審稿人對本文提出的寶貴意見。

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