黃馥

近三年高考英語全國Ⅰ卷均要求考生寫信或?qū)戉]件。那么，如何寫好書信體英語作文呢？

一、審題

1. 了解寫信人和收信人的關(guān)系。

在閱讀題目中弄清楚寫信人和收信人的關(guān)系，兩者熟悉與否決定著寫信人是否需要進行自我介紹，也決定了信的語氣，同時也有助于防止偏離主題。

例如，2016年全國Ⅰ卷中收信人是外教Ms Jenkins，作為考生的寫信人李華，有必要進行自我介紹，讓老師一看就明白是誰在給他寫信。給老師寫信，語言要委婉，有禮貌。而2017年和2018年收信人分別為英國朋友Leslie、新西蘭朋友Terry，既然是朋友關(guān)系，則不用自我介紹，語氣也相對隨意一些。

2. 確定寫信的目的。

搞明白寫信目的，就能確定信的類型。書信種類包括祝賀信、慰問信、求職信、求助信、建議信、推薦信、感謝信、道歉信、意見信、邀請函、知會函等。確定書信類型，不僅便于開門見山地表達寫信目的，也可以讓內(nèi)容更具針對性，以達到交際目的。

二、布局

確定信的布局。一般來說，采用開頭、主體和結(jié)尾三段式能使信件的結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。

三、寫信

1. 信的開頭。

信的開頭就是信的正文的第一段，包括自我介紹（若寫信人與收信人之間熟悉則不需要）、問候語、寫信目的和背景介紹。常用模板為：

（I am Li Hua.）How is everything going？ I am writing to （祝賀）congratulate you on ... /（慰問）express my sympathy to you on .../（求職）apply for the job as a .../（求助）ask you for help on .../（建議）provide my suggestions on .../（推薦）recommend ... to you/（感謝）thank you for .../（道歉）say sorry to you for .../（意見）share my opinions with you on .../（邀請）invite you to come to .../（知會）tell you ... since I know that ...（交待背景介紹）

2. 信的主體。

信的主體一般為第二段，通常就是主要寫作內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)。

（1）段落主題句

提煉主題句有3個方法：

①回答法

例如，“中國結(jié)的象征意義?！?/p>

可以直接以回答這個問題來開啟主體段落的寫作——In China， the Chinese knots stand for friendship， happiness and love...

②提問法

例如，“學好英語的方法?！?/p>

可以就這個話題進行提問，然后用回答的方式來介紹方法——How can we learn Chinese well？ ...

③概括法

a. 形容詞概括法

例如，“十年后的我?！?/p>

可以用形容詞進行總的評價，進而再做進一步的描述——I am convinced that I will live a rich and colorful life in ten years.

b. 數(shù)字概括法

例如，“理想中筆友的條件?！?/p>

先用數(shù)字概括下文的條目個數(shù)，再一一進行介紹——There are three demands for the person who could be my pen pal...

（2）銜接詞

銜接詞可以讓段與段、句與句之間銜接得更緊密，更流暢，過渡更自然。

①如果段落是議論或說明類，羅列每個條目之前加上firstly/first of all/above all/to begin with;secondly /besides /in addition /whats more /furthermore /moreover;finally /last but not the least /in the end /at last等。

例如，“如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力?！?/p>

其主體段落可以這樣寫：How can we develop creativity？ There are 3 ways for us to try. Firstly， ... Furthermore， ... Last but not the least， ...

②如果段落是記敘類，敘述事件發(fā)展時加上at first /first;then /later /afterwards;in the meantime /meanwhile /at the same time;finally /at last等。

例如，“難忘的比賽?！?/p>

其主體段落可以這樣寫：The English speech contest held last week is unforgettable. At first， when the contest began， I was nervous. Later， ... And then， ... Finally， ...

3. 信的結(jié)尾。

信的結(jié)尾相對固定，可以包括：

（1）期待回復：I am looking forward to your early reply. /I would really appreciate it if you could reply as soon as possible.

（2）祝福：Best wishes.

實戰(zhàn)演練

2016年全國Ⅰ卷

假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外資公司兼職，已寫好申請書和個人簡歷（resume）。給外教Ms Jenkins寫信，請她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右;

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

2017年全國Ⅰ卷

假定你是李華，正在教你的英國朋友Leslie學習漢語。請你寫封郵件告知下次上課的計劃。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 時間和地點;

2. 內(nèi)容：學習唐詩;

3. 課前準備：簡要了解唐朝的歷史。

2018年全國Ⅰ卷

假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢問有關(guān)習俗。請你回復郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 到達時間;

2. 合適的禮物;

3. 餐桌禮儀。

仿真模擬

假定你是李華，從你校的布告欄上得知學校下個月舉辦的英語角正在招募志愿者，在現(xiàn)場鼓勵參加者使用英語。請根據(jù)所給提示，用英語寫一封自薦信。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 陳述自己的優(yōu)勢;

2. 希望獲準。

仿真模擬2

假定你是李華，你的英語老師要你們做一個關(guān)于西方節(jié)日感恩節(jié)（Thanksgiving Day）的報告，請給你的美國朋友Tony寫一封郵件，了解相關(guān)知識。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 感恩節(jié)的由來;

2. 感恩節(jié)的習俗;

3. 詢問他家是如何慶祝感恩節(jié)的。

參考范文

高考真題

2016年全國Ⅰ卷

Dear Jenkins，

I am Li Hua， a student in the school you are teaching. How is everything going？ I am writing to ask you for some help on my preparations for a part-time job in a foreign company this summer vacation.

Would you please help correct my application and resume which are included in the envelope. First of all， it is the first time that I have written an English application， so I am not sure whether the English expressions I used are appropriate or not. Could you give some improvements to them？ Whats more， the format of the resume and application also confuse me. I will really appreciate it if you could give me some examples of how to write an English resume.

Looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes.

Yours，

Li Hua

2017年全國Ⅰ卷

Dear Leslie，

How is everything going？ I am writing to tell you the learning plan of next Chinese lesson.

There are three things about our next lesson. To begin with， is it OK for us to make it at 9：30 this Sunday morning and in your apartment？ Besides， our learning content will be about Tang poems， which play an important part in Chinese culture and are so popular in China. Only by knowing something about Tang Culture could you know our country better. At last， in order to study well， you could make some preparations for the lesson， like the history of Tang Dynasty.

If the appointment is acceptable， I will visit you then. Looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes.

Yours，

Li Hua

2018年全國Ⅰ卷

Dear Terry，

How is everything going？ I am writing to provide my suggestions on some Chinese customs since I know that you plan to visit a Chinese friend.

As far as Im concerned， there are three aspects you need to pay attention to. Above all， youd better call your friend ahead of time to make an appointment. And your friend might tell you what time is proper for you to have a visit. Besides， as for the present， tea， fruits or snacks are all acceptable， because in our view， it is the mind of the gift that counts. At last， when it comes to the table manners， just to behave yourself is OK， for we Chinese are hospitable. And if you couldnt use the chopsticks very well for dinner， you might tell your friend and ask for a knife and fork instead.

I wish you could enjoy yourself in your Chinese friends home.

Yours，

Li Hua

仿真模擬

練習1

Dear Sir or Madam，

I am Li Hua， a senior 3 student in our school. I am writing to apply for the job as a volunteer for the English Corner which will be held next month.

I suppose that I am qualified enough for the job. At first， my English is so excellent that I can use it fluently both in writing and speaking. Most importantly， being a friendly and kind student， I always help my classmates with their English study， from which I gain many strategies to help with improving spoken English. Last but not the least， there is no problem for me to get along well with others for I am very outgoing. So I have confidence in encouraging the students in the English Corner to speak English.

I do hope you will consider my application. Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

練習2

Dear Tony，

How is everything going？ I am writing to ask you for some knowledge about Thanksgiving Day since our English teacher assigned a report.

As for Thanksgiving Day， the western festival， I have three questions to ask you. Firstly， could you tell me the origin of the festival or some stories about it？ Secondly， I also hope you could introduce some customs in your country when people celebrate the festival， such as some special food or activities. Do all Americans celebrate the day in the same way？ So finally， what about your family？ Do you mind telling me how your family celebrate this festival？

I would really appreciate it if you could reply me as soon as possible. Best wishes.

Yours，

Li Hua