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胃穿孔腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù)的效果比較

2019-02-18 15:28艾秋寶周雯星戴鵬
上海醫(yī)藥 2019年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:胃穿孔效果

艾秋寶 周雯星 戴鵬

摘 要 目的:比較胃穿孔腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)式與傳統(tǒng)開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù)的效果。方法:將2016年1月至2017年12月接診的60例胃穿孔患者隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組各30例。對(duì)照組采用傳統(tǒng)開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療,觀察組采用腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)治療,比較兩組的治療效果和術(shù)后1 h、1~3 d的血清胃泌素水平。結(jié)果:觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間為(76.79±3.69)min,高于對(duì)照組的(63.57±4.62)min;術(shù)中出血量、排氣時(shí)間、腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間分別為(84.77±5.31)ml、(16.23±3.12)h和(12.35±3.04)h,分別低于對(duì)照組的(127.45±6.98)ml、(26.31±4.33)h和(19.47±3.55)h;下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間分別為(1.93±0.35)d和(7.59±1.22)d,分低于對(duì)照組的(3.11±0.98)d和(10.29±2.15)d,組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后1 h、1~3 d的血清胃泌素水平亦高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:與傳統(tǒng)開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù)相比,腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)治療胃穿孔效果較好,患者術(shù)后血清胃泌素水平改善較好,但手術(shù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),臨床需重視,避免發(fā)生麻醉風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞 胃穿孔;腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù);傳統(tǒng)開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù);效果

中圖分類號(hào):R656.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2019)02-0020-03

Comparison of the effects of laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional open repair for gastric perforation

AI Qiubao, ZHOU Wenxing, DAI Peng

(The Third General Surgery Department of Peoples Hospital of Xinyu, Jiangxi 338000, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effects of laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional open repair for gastric perforation. Methods: Sixty patients with gastric perforation who were admitted from January 2016 to December 2017 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with traditional open repair, the observation group was treated with laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery, and the therapeutic effects and serum gastrin levels at 1 h and after 1~3 days of operation were compared between the two groups. Results: The operation time of the observation group was (76.79±3.69) min, which was higher than that of the control group (63.57±4.62) min; the intraoperative blood loss, exhaust time, and bowel sound recovery time of the observation group were (84.77±5.31) ml, (16.23±3.12) h, and (12.35±3.04) h, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group (127.45±6.98) ml.(26.31±4.33) h and (19.47±3.55) h; the time to get out of bed and hospital stay of the observation group were (1.93±0.35) d and (7.59±1.22) d, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group, (3.11±0.98) d and (10.29±2.15) d and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Serum gastrin levels of the observation group were also higher than those of the control group at 1 h and after 1~3 days of operation(P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with traditional open repair, laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery has a better effect for gastric perforation, the postoperative serum gastrin level is improved better, but the operation time is longer, and the clinical attention should be paid to avoid the risk of anesthesia.

KEY WORD gastric perforation; laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery; traditional open repair; effect

胃穿孔是胃潰瘍的并發(fā)癥之一,直接威脅患者生命。胃穿孔患者多為突發(fā)劇烈疼痛,表現(xiàn)為刀割或燒灼樣痛,疼痛快速擴(kuò)散至全腹部[1]。胃穿孔多需手術(shù)治療,以改善患者急性癥狀。本文比較腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療胃穿孔的效果。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

收集2016年1月至2017年12月接診的60例患者,均符合胃穿孔診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2],按隨機(jī)號(hào)碼表分為觀察組和對(duì)照組各30例。觀察組中男性17例,女性13例,年齡為26~67歲,平均(41.18±4.33)歲;穿孔位于胃體小彎部5例,胃竇前壁7例,胃竇后壁7例,幽門管11例;穿孔直徑(0.44±0.18)cm。對(duì)照組中男性18例,女性12例,年齡為27~68歲,平均(41.34±4.16)歲;穿孔位于胃體小彎部5例,胃竇前壁8例,胃竇后壁7例,幽門管10例;穿孔直徑(0.42±0.17)cm。兩組患者的基線資料相比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。所有患者均簽署知情同意協(xié)議書。排除有幽門梗阻出血病史、惡性腫瘤、凝血功能障礙者。

1.2 方法

對(duì)照組患者全身麻醉后,在上腹部做一10 cm長(zhǎng)切口,探查穿孔位置,進(jìn)行常規(guī)修補(bǔ),手術(shù)完成后,放置引流管,3 d后移除。觀察組在全身麻醉后,頭高腳低位,臍緣位置做弧形切口,建立氣腹,置入Trocar,經(jīng)腹腔鏡觀察,探查腹腔,尋找并確定穿孔位置。以穿孔處為頂點(diǎn),于右上腹部置入一5 mm的Trocar,于左上腹部置入一10 mm的Trocar,三點(diǎn)之間形成一等腰三角形。如操作困難,可視情況另加一5 mm Trocar操作。將腹腔內(nèi)的積液吸凈后,鏡下以可吸收線橫行縫合穿孔處全層1~3針。生理鹽水沖洗腹腔,吸盡沖洗液,放置引流管,3 d后移除。

觀察兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、排氣時(shí)間、腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及術(shù)后1 h、1~3 d的血清胃泌素水平(放射免疫法)。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

用SPSS 19.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組術(shù)中和術(shù)后各參數(shù)比較

觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間高于對(duì)照組,術(shù)中出血量、排氣時(shí)間、腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05,表1)。

2.2 兩組術(shù)后血清胃泌素水平比較

觀察組術(shù)后1 h、1~3 d的血清胃泌素水平均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05,表2)。

3 討論

胃穿孔是臨床常見疾病,多采取外科手術(shù)治療。傳統(tǒng)治療胃穿孔的方式為開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù),但對(duì)機(jī)體的創(chuàng)傷較大[3]。隨著微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)逐步用于胃穿孔的治療,該法不需要開腹,通過(guò)腹腔鏡的光源和成像系統(tǒng),得到較好的手術(shù)視野,完成手術(shù)[4]。本研究顯示,觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間高于對(duì)照組,術(shù)中出血量、排氣時(shí)間、腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均低于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)在手術(shù)恢復(fù)方面效果較好。然而,該法手術(shù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),因?yàn)榛颊呤侨槭中g(shù),增加了麻醉風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

由于腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)減少了對(duì)胃腸功能的影響,患者術(shù)后血清胃泌素水平恢復(fù)較好,說(shuō)明術(shù)后胃腸功能易于恢復(fù),提高了患者的生活質(zhì)量。腹腔鏡技術(shù)切口小,對(duì)患者的創(chuàng)傷小,而且通過(guò)清晰的探查,減少了漏診、誤診等情況[5]。當(dāng)然,該操作對(duì)醫(yī)師的技術(shù)要求較高,需要熟練操作,減少并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。常規(guī)的開放性手術(shù)對(duì)機(jī)體的創(chuàng)傷大,引起應(yīng)激反應(yīng)明顯,兒茶酚胺分泌量增加,使胃泌素分泌受到影響,胃腸功能異常[6],腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)則克服了這一不足,優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。

胃穿孔作為一種典型的急腹癥,發(fā)病后未消化食物、胃液通過(guò)穿孔處流至腹腔,造成嚴(yán)重腹痛[7],臨床需積極救治,有效的手術(shù)治療可以挽救患者生命。患者行腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)需滿足如下條件[8-9]:可以進(jìn)行全身麻醉,生命體征平穩(wěn),符合外科手術(shù)指征。臨床需根據(jù)患者的實(shí)際情況,選擇合適的治療方案。

總之,與傳統(tǒng)開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù)相比,腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)術(shù)治療胃穿孔的效果較好,患者術(shù)后血清胃泌素水平改善較好,但手術(shù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),臨床需引起重視,避免發(fā)生麻醉風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Demir MK, Cevher T. A rare cause and complication of acute gastric dilatation: superior mesenteric artery syndrome and perforation[J]. Eurasian J Med, 2018, 50(1): 60-61.

[2] 黃志敏, 尹鶴松. 腹腔鏡修補(bǔ)術(shù)與胃大部分切除治療急性胃穿孔的效果比較[J]. 現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué), 2017, 45(6): 849-851.

[3] 萬(wàn)冰, 何雯, 陳銘民. 腹腔鏡下修補(bǔ)術(shù)與開腹手術(shù)治療潰瘍性胃穿孔的療效對(duì)比研究[J]. 當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué), 2017, 23(14): 80-81.

[4] 吳世樂(lè), 郭亞民, 吳新民, 等. 胃穿孔腹腔鏡修補(bǔ)術(shù)的手術(shù)方法及臨床效果觀察[J]. 中國(guó)現(xiàn)代普通外科進(jìn)展, 2017, 20(4): 306-308.

[5] Nigar S, Ofori E, Ramai D, et al. Endoscopic closure of gastric perforation from eroded Jackson-Pratt drain using over-the-scope clips[J]. Ann Gastroenterol, 2018, 31(2): 245.

[6] 江義舟, 彭程. 腹腔鏡與開腹手術(shù)下行胃穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)的綜合療效對(duì)比研究[J]. 中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生, 2017, 55(7): 43-45.

[7] 張進(jìn), 胡軍. 胃穿孔腹腔鏡修補(bǔ)術(shù)后患者胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)效果評(píng)價(jià)[J]. 當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué), 2015, 21(9): 93-94.

[8] 陰秦, 李長(zhǎng)江, 李波. 胃穿孔腹腔鏡修補(bǔ)術(shù)與開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù)術(shù)后胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)情況比較[J]. 深圳中西醫(yī)結(jié)合雜志, 2014, 24(9): 6-7.

[9] 余鋮. 胃穿孔腹腔鏡修補(bǔ)術(shù)與開腹修補(bǔ)術(shù)術(shù)后胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)的比較[J]. 當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué), 2013, 19(25): 100-101.

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