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視角獨特,才能多面

2019-01-31 17:46宋云峰
英語學習 2019年1期
關鍵詞:探戈珍妮特酒會

宋云峰

一、多面的藝術才能

薩莉·波特(Sally Potter)1949年出生于英國倫敦,母親是位音樂教師,父親則是位室內裝潢設計師和詩人,均為無神論者。這樣的家庭背景對波特的審美趣味和才能愛好影響很大。當被問及其家庭背景如何影響她后來的電影創(chuàng)作時,波特說:“I came from an atheist(無神論者)background and an anarchist(無政府主義者)background, which meant that I grew up in an environment that was full of questions, where nothing could be taken for granted.”

14歲時,叔父給了她一個8毫米攝影機,于是波特開始通過拍攝電影來自娛自樂。20世紀70年代初,波特加入了倫敦電影人協(xié)會(London Film-Makers Co-op),開始制作實驗性短片;后來她又在倫敦當代舞蹈學院(London Contemporary Dance School)接受培訓,成為了一名舞蹈演員和舞美設計師。

由于她的舞蹈天分和刻苦努力,波特成為了一位舞蹈表演家和戲劇導演,她參演和導演的戲劇舞蹈也獲得嘉獎,例如《死亡與少女》(Death and the Maiden)和《柏林》(Berlin)。除此之外,波特還擔任幾個流行樂隊的歌詞作家和歌手。更令人驚奇的是,她還與作曲家林賽·庫珀(Lindsay Cooper)為巡演歌曲《啊,莫斯科》(“Oh Moscow”)共同譜曲。該曲在20世紀80年代后期在俄羅斯乃至整個歐洲和北美巡演并被錄制成歌曲發(fā)行。由此看來,后來波特為自己創(chuàng)作的電影《奧蘭多》(Orlando)配樂,為《探戈課》(The Tango Lesson)譜曲并演唱就不足為奇了。

在談到舞蹈表演和舞美設計生涯對自己創(chuàng)作電影的影響時,波特評論道:“Choreography(編舞/舞美設計)was the perfect ‘poor theatre. All you needed were willing bodies and some space. So it was as a choreographer that I learnt how to direct and it was as a dancer that I learnt how to work.”

二、《奧蘭多》(Orlando, 1992)

作為電影導演,波特引起國際影壇的注意是在1992年——她費時多年、嘔心瀝血改編并導演的故事片《奧蘭多》獲得了國際發(fā)行權和廣泛贊譽。影片改編自英國作家弗吉尼婭·伍爾夫(Virginia Woolf)的同名小說,由英國著名女演員蒂爾達·斯溫頓(Tilda Swinton)主演。在此之前,人們普遍認為這種改編是不可能的,因為故事的跨度長達400年,講述了主人公從男性變?yōu)榕缘男穆窔v程。但波特的改編卻大獲成功,獲得了兩項奧斯卡獎提名和另外25個國際電影節(jié)獎項,其中包括歐洲電影學會為最佳歐洲青年電影設立的費利克斯獎和圣彼得堡國際電影節(jié)一等獎。

根據(jù)電影的主題和風格,人們往往將《奧蘭多》視作一部女權主義(feminist)電影,但波特卻拒絕給這部影片貼上任何標簽。她宣稱,之所以拍攝這部電影,是因為想要展現(xiàn)男性和女性各自面對的困難。在接受采訪時,波特進一步闡釋了濫用女權主義標簽的壞處:“I have come to the conclusion that I cant use that term in my work. Not because of a disavowal(否認)of the underlying principles that gave birth to that word—the commitment to liberation, dignity, equality. But it has become a trigger word(觸發(fā)詞)that stops peoples thinking. You literally see peoples eyes glaze over with exhaustion(疲憊)when the word flashes into the conversation.”

精彩臺詞

French vs English

[speaking in French]

Princess Sasha: You speak French?

Orlando: A bit. But most of the English(英國人)cant... dont want to speak other languages.

Princess Sasha: But how do they communicate with foreigners?

Orlando: They speak English louder. Real Man vs Real Woman

Orlando: If I were a man...

Shelmerdine: You?

Orlando: I might choose not to risk my life for an uncertain cause. I might think that freedom won by death is not worth having. In fact...

Shelmerdine: You might choose not to be a real man at all. Say, if I were a woman...

Orlando: You?

Shelmerdine: I might choose not to sacrifice my life caring for my children, nor my childrens children, nor to drown anonymously(默默無聞地)in the milk of female kindness, but instead, say, to go abroad. Would I then be...

Orlando: A real woman?

三、《探戈課》(The Tango Lesson, 1996)

1996年波特發(fā)行了她的第二部故事片《探戈課》。在影片中,她與著名舞蹈家巴勃羅·沃倫合作出演男女主人公,表現(xiàn)男女舞蹈者在雙人舞合作過程中的肢體互動和心理沖突。《探戈課》在威尼斯電影節(jié)上首映,并接連在阿根廷、英國和美國的電影節(jié)或評獎會上獲得好評或獎項。實際上,《探戈課》的情節(jié)是基于波特本人在創(chuàng)作《憤怒》(Rage)期間向舞蹈家沃倫學習阿根廷探戈舞的個人經(jīng)歷,可以視為一部探討性別角色的差異與沖突的半自傳性電影。

《探戈課》也是波特的電影表演處女作,影片以黑白的形式呈現(xiàn),具有很強的個性風格。關于決定自導自演這件事,波特說是出自對舞蹈藝術強烈的愛好:“I knew that I had to perform in this one because the impetus(沖動)for the film came out of my own desire to dance.”波特與沃倫的專業(yè)舞蹈合作延續(xù)到她后來的電影《縱情四海》(The Man Who Cried, 2000)和舞臺劇《卡門》(Carmen, 2007)。

精彩臺詞

Identity

Pablo: I am a dancer. And a Jew.

Destiny

Sally: How did you choose the tango?

Pablo: I didnt. The tango chose me.

Leading

Sally: It doesnt suit me to follow. It suits me to lead, and you cant deal with that.

四、《我要》(Yes, 2004)

波特于2004年發(fā)行了更具實驗性的影片《我要》。該片以詩歌的形式呈現(xiàn)了美國遭受“911”恐怖襲擊后的種族關系和性別關系。

在影片中,女主人公“她”(She)是一位嫁給虛偽政客安東尼并陷入無愛婚姻的科學家,而“他”(He)則是一位自我放逐、在一家倫敦餐廳打工的黎巴嫩醫(yī)生。他們在一次宴會上相遇,一見鐘情,度過了一段無憂無慮的時光。然而“他”在英國感受到的對穆斯林移民的歧視致使“他”與“她”不辭而別,回到自己的祖國黎巴嫩。“她”則決定刨根問底,追尋“他”離開的緣由。故事由此展開,轉為對兩性關系的探索。

關于《我要》的有限預算和電影風格,波特作了如下解釋:“Originally I was trying to figure out how we could shoot this film without any lights, because there didnt seem to be enough money in the budget to have any. One solution was to shoot at six frames a second(每秒六格), or even three. Later you print each frame four(or eight) times to bring it into sync(同步)at twentyfour frames per second(每秒24格,電影膠片正常的放映速度). You can shoot almost in the dark, and still see peoples faces... we did some tests and found that it was very beautiful; so I decided to make it part of the language of the film.”

精彩臺詞

How to die

Aunt: If and when I die / I want to see you cry / I want to see you tear your hair / Your howls(嚎叫)of anguish fill the air / I want to see you beat your breast / And rend(用力撕裂)your clothes and all the rest / And, sobbing, fall upon my bed / I want to know that I am dead.

五、《酒會》(The Party, 2017)

波特最近拍攝的影片是2017年上映的《酒會》,影片以室內劇的形式呈現(xiàn)。榮升影子內閣衛(wèi)生大臣的中年女人珍妮特邀請幾位好友到家里來一起慶祝。參加家庭慶祝酒會的包括珍妮特的丈夫、自我否定的大學教授比爾,靈修導師戈特弗里德和他憤世嫉俗的妻子阿普麗爾,在同性伴侶關系中處于強勢地位的瑪莎和其伴侶、通過體外受精懷了三個孩子的吉尼,以及衣冠楚楚的銀行家和癮君子湯姆。一場慶祝珍妮特升職的酒會把這些所謂的社會精英們聚在了一起,在狹窄的空間里彼此試探、挑釁、周旋,直至每個人的秘密被捅破。影片通過展現(xiàn)人物之間的矛盾和沖突揭示人類生存的荒謬性,諷刺了英國社會精英的脆弱以及知識分子生活的虛偽和混亂。

精彩臺詞

Hormones(荷爾蒙)and Thinking

Martha: Well, someone has to do the thinking. Especially now that you are taking care of the animal side of things.

Jinny: Animal? Is that what you think Ive become? A few more hormones helping my body to support new life, and suddenly Im an animal?

“Useless”

April: Babies, excuse me Jinny, Martha, babies get born every day in extremely large numbers to the point of endangering(危害)the planet and all our futures. Its not every day, however, that one of us becomes a minister. In your entirely rotten and useless opposition party(反對黨).

綜上所述,薩莉·波特是一位才華橫溢、視角獨特的當代英國女導演。她的電影通過細膩的情節(jié)和獨特的風格展示人性的優(yōu)點和缺點,尤其是探討兩性關系的性質和特點。她的影片在豐富英國當代電影的主題和類型方面有著不可忽視的作用。

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