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血清miR—21和miR—423—5p對(duì)心臟瓣膜病伴有心力衰竭患者的診斷價(jià)值

2018-12-22 07:12李玉梅盛紅彬徐恒仕
中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào) 2018年33期
關(guān)鍵詞:標(biāo)志物心臟意義

李玉梅 盛紅彬 徐恒仕

[摘要] 目的 探討血清miR-21和miR-423-5p對(duì)心臟瓣膜?。╒HD)引起心力衰竭的潛在診斷價(jià)值。 方法 選擇2014年8月~2016年4月上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第九人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科收治的伴心力衰竭的VHD患者60例為VHD組,選擇同期正常人60名為對(duì)照組。通過實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)檢測(cè)VHD伴有心力衰竭患者和正常人的血清miR-21和miR-423-5p表達(dá),并利用ROC曲線分析miR-21和miR-423-5p作為VHD伴有心力衰竭診斷和預(yù)后生物標(biāo)志物的臨床價(jià)值。 結(jié)果 VHD組患者血清miR-21和miR-423-5p表達(dá)明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。伴有肺動(dòng)脈高壓(PH)的VHD患者血清miR-423-5p水平高于PH的VHD患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。ROC曲線結(jié)果顯示,血清miR-21和miR-423-5p可以作為VHD伴心力衰竭的診斷標(biāo)志物。 結(jié)論 血清miR-21和miR-423-5p具備診斷VHD伴有心力衰竭的臨床價(jià)值。血清miR-423-5p可作為VHD伴有心力衰竭的診斷標(biāo)志物。

[關(guān)鍵詞] miRNA;miR-423-5p;心瓣膜病;心力衰竭;肺動(dòng)脈高壓;ROC曲線

[中圖分類號(hào)] R541.6 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)11(c)-0151-05

Diagnostic values of miR-21 and miR-423-5p in patients with valvular heart disease and heart failure

LI Yumei1 SHENG Hongbin2 XU Hengshi1

1.Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China; 2.Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the potential diagnostic value of serum miR-21 and miR-423-5p for heart failure (HF) due to heart valve disease (VHD). Methods From August 2014 to April 2016, in Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 60 VHD patients with HF were selected as VHD group, at the same period, 60 healthy persons were selected as control group. The levels of serum miR-21 and miR-423-5p were measured by qRT-PCR. The ROC curve was used analyse the clinical Value of miR-21 and miR-423-5p as VHD with biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. Results The levels of miR-21 and miR-423-5p in sera of patients in VHD group were higher than control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of miR-423-5p in sera of VHD patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) were higher than VHD patients without PH, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). ROC curve result showed that serum miR-21 and miR-423-5p had potential diagnostic values on HF due to VHD. Conclusion Serum miR-21 and miR-423-5p show potential diagnostic values on HF due to VHD. Moreover, serum miR-423-5p can be an effective biomarker for diagnosing VHD patients with PH.

[Key words] MiRNA; MiR-423-5p; Valvular heart disease; Heart failure; Pulmonary hypertension; ROC curve

心力衰竭已成為全球重大健康問題,發(fā)病率正逐年增加[1]。為了診斷心力衰竭,臨床上發(fā)現(xiàn)諸多生物標(biāo)志物。其中B型腦鈉肽(BNP)和氨基末端腦鈉肽前體(NT-ProBNP)曾被認(rèn)為是診斷心力衰竭的良好生物標(biāo)志物[2]。但亦有報(bào)道,在嚴(yán)重的心臟收縮降低情況下,BNP并不足以衡量心臟阻塞程度[3]。因此急需更有效的非損傷性心力衰竭診斷標(biāo)志物。

miRNA是一類長度為21~23個(gè)核苷酸的非編碼RNA分子,其在心肌梗死、心力衰竭等心臟疾病中有重要作用[4]。報(bào)道顯示miRNA的異常表達(dá)可能與心臟類疾病相關(guān),可能成為診斷心力衰竭的有效標(biāo)志物[5]。miRNA曾被當(dāng)作是診斷心力衰竭的循環(huán)生物標(biāo)志物[6]。研究表明,miR-21在患有由心臟瓣膜?。╒HD)導(dǎo)致的心力衰竭的犬中呈現(xiàn)減量調(diào)節(jié)趨勢(shì)[7]。此外,心力衰竭患者中miR-423-5p的表達(dá)有所增加,意味著miR-423-5p有可能是一種診斷心力衰竭的有效標(biāo)志物[8]。本研究旨在通過臨床驗(yàn)證,預(yù)測(cè)miR-423-5p表達(dá)與患有心力衰竭的VHD相關(guān)性,進(jìn)而證實(shí)miR-423-5p和miR-21在由VHD導(dǎo)致的心力衰竭中的診斷價(jià)值。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選擇2014年8月~2016年4月上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第九人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科收治的VHD伴心力衰竭的患者60例為VHD組,對(duì)年齡超過50歲且可能患有冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病的患者進(jìn)了血管造影術(shù)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡超過18周歲;②通過體檢確?;加蠽HD;③具備紐約心臟協(xié)會(huì)心力衰竭診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)癥狀[9]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①有心肌衰弱或者正患有心力衰竭的患者,通過血管造影術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)脈血管阻塞區(qū)域超過75%的患者,接受過支架移植術(shù)的患者;②有肺部疾病的患者;③有甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)和慢性貧血的患者;④有高血壓的患者。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織最新分類,被診斷出患有肺動(dòng)脈高壓(PH)的患者[10],入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為平均肺動(dòng)脈壓(mPAP)≥25 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),肺部輸入壓≤15 mmHg。選擇同期正常人60名為對(duì)照組。本次研究對(duì)象已經(jīng)排除腫瘤等混雜因素的影響。每位參與者抽取5 mL血液樣本,立即離心提取血清,并將其保存于-80℃冰箱。本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有患者或家屬均知情同意。

1.2 RNA的抽取和逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)

按照程序,RNA通過使用mir VanaTM PARIS miRNA isolation kit(美國,Ambion)進(jìn)行分離??俁NA通過TaqMan MicroRNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(美國,Applied Biosystems)進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄。qRT-PCR反應(yīng)使用了SYBR Premix Ex Taq試劑盒(中國,TaKaRa)在ABI PRISM 7900HT測(cè)序系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行的。qRT-PCR反應(yīng)體系詳見表1,擴(kuò)增條件設(shè)置為95℃ 15 min;95℃ 10 s;60℃ 30 s;循環(huán)40次。2-△△Ct循環(huán)閾值法來計(jì)算目標(biāo)miRNA的相對(duì)表述水平[11]。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS 21.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。繪制ROC曲線,利用AUC面積來評(píng)價(jià)血清miRNA水平的診斷價(jià)值。Pearson相關(guān)分析檢驗(yàn)相關(guān)性。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組臨床資料比較

兩組年齡、性別比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。但VHD組的NT-proBNP和HsCRP水平明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01),兩組LVEDd和LVEF比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。

2.2 血清miR-21和miR-423在VHD患者中的過表達(dá)

VHD組患者的血清miR-21表達(dá)水平(1.69±0.72)明顯高于對(duì)照組(1.04±0.59),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);同時(shí)VHD組患者的血清miR-423-5p的表達(dá)水平(0.93±0.41)也明顯高于對(duì)照組(0.16±0.07),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見圖1。

2.3 VHD組患者HsCRP水平與血清miR-21和miR-423-5p表達(dá)水平的相關(guān)性

Pearson相關(guān)分析顯示,VHD組患者的血清miR-21和miR-423-5p的表達(dá)水平與超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.619、0.646,P = 0.004、0.002)。此外VHD組患者中血清miR-21的水平與miR-423-5p呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.569,P = 0.009)。見圖2。

2.4 血清miR-21與血清miR-423-5p在 VHD伴有心力衰竭中的診斷價(jià)值

血清miR-21、miR-423-5p和NT-proBNP的ROC曲線詳圖3。其中血清miR-21的AUC值為0.772,提示其對(duì)VHD伴有心力衰竭有一定的診斷作用。另外,血清miR-423-5p的AUC值為0.965,比NT-proBNP高(AUC值為0.900),提示血清miR-423-5p也可作為VHD伴有心力衰竭的診斷標(biāo)志物。

2.5 血清miR-423-5p對(duì)伴有PH的VHD患者的診斷價(jià)值

本研究將VHD患者分不伴有PH和伴有PH兩組,發(fā)現(xiàn)伴有PH患者的血清miR-423-5p水平較高于不伴有PH患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而兩組血清miR-21和NT-proBNP水平差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),見表3。ROC曲線結(jié)果提示,伴有PH的VHD患者的血清miR-423-5p AUC值為0.805(圖4),說明血清miR-423-5p可能用于診斷VHD患者是否伴有PH。

3 討論

研究證實(shí)miRNA可通過與其他媒介反應(yīng)來避免被RNA酶降解,并穩(wěn)定存在于血漿、尿液、眼淚等細(xì)胞外液中[12]。相比從組織樣本中提取,循環(huán)miRNA更易獲取,可反復(fù)測(cè)量[13]。有報(bào)道稱循環(huán)miRNA是診療多種心臟疾病的重要生物標(biāo)志物[14]。而循環(huán)miRNA在伴有VHD的心力衰竭中的診斷價(jià)值卻少有研究。

miR-21可以通過調(diào)節(jié)Bcl-2來促進(jìn)心臟纖維變性,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致心力衰竭的惡化[15]。有研究顯示,為了加強(qiáng)心臟血管生成過程中的細(xì)胞遷移,miR-21會(huì)抑制PDCD4的表達(dá),這意味著miR-21和VHD存在一定聯(lián)系[16]。在本研究中,VHD組血清miR-21的表達(dá)水平明顯高于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。這就表明血清miR-21可能對(duì)VHD患者中的心力衰竭有潛在診斷價(jià)值,聯(lián)合血清miR-423-5p有更高診斷意義。

由于miR-423-5p主要存在于心包積液中,與其它的循環(huán)miRNA如miR-133a相比,miR-423-5p的表達(dá)模式有明顯不同,說明miR-423-5p可能作為VHD伴有心力衰竭的生物標(biāo)志物[17]。本研究顯示,血清miR-423-5p在VHD組中的表達(dá)明顯高于對(duì)照組,且血清miR-423-5p水平與VHD患者的PH相關(guān)。由于本研究已排除原發(fā)性的肺部疾病,表明PH是由VHD引起。嚴(yán)重的慢性心力衰竭是導(dǎo)致PH的常見原因,并且伴有PH的舒張期心力衰竭發(fā)病率要高于收縮期心力衰竭[18-19]。該研究中,在對(duì)伴有PH的VHD的診斷中,血清miR-423-5p的敏感性要高于NT-proBNP。因此,在評(píng)估伴有心力衰竭的VHD時(shí),血清miR-423-5p可以作為一種有效的預(yù)測(cè)生物標(biāo)志物。

近年研究已證明,miR-21能刺激NF-kB(核內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子)或PDCD4,并調(diào)控心肌細(xì)胞的凋亡[20]。而miR-423-5p在誘發(fā)心臟病方面的作用與miR-21和miR-423-5p在循環(huán)水平的聯(lián)系還需要進(jìn)一步研究。最后,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清miR-21和miR-423-5p可作為潛在并有獨(dú)立性的生物標(biāo)志物來對(duì)VHD伴有心力衰竭患者進(jìn)行診斷。血清miR-423-5p在評(píng)估伴有心力衰竭的VHD患者的嚴(yán)重程度上有較高的敏感性,并且對(duì)伴有PH的VHD患者也有較好的診斷價(jià)值。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[3] Omar HR,Guglin M. A single BNP measurement in acute heart failure does not reflect the degree of congestion [J]. J Crit Care,2016,33:262-265.

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[5] Souza RW,F(xiàn)ernandez GJ,Cunha JP,et al. Regulation of cardiac microRNAs induced by aerobic exercise training during heart failure [J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2015,309(10):H1629-1641.

[6] Vegter EL,Peter VDM,De Windt LJ,et al. MicroRNAs in heart failure:from biomarker to target for therapy [J]. Eur J Heart Fail,2016,18(5):457-468.

[7] Hulanicka M,Garncarz M,Parzeniecka-Jaworska M,et al. Plasma miRNAs as potential biomarkers of chronic degenerative valvular disease in Dachshunds [J]. BMC Vet Res,2014,10(1):205.

[8] Thome JG,Mendoza MR,Cheuiche AV,et al. Circulating microRNAs in obese and lean heart failure patients:A case-control study with computational target prediction analysis [J]. Gene,2015,574(1):1-10.

[9] Bjork JB,Alton KK,Georgiopoulou VV,et al. Defining Advanced Heart Failure:A Systematic Review of Criteria Used in Clinical Trials [J]. J Card Fail,2016,22(7):569-577.

[10] Simonneau G,Gatzoulis MA,Adatia I,et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension [J]. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013,62(25 Suppl):D34-D41.

[11] Livak KJ,Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-△△CT Method [J]. Methods,2001,25(4):402-408.

[12] Brown JN,Brewer HM,Nicora CD,et al. Protein and microRNA biomarkers from lavage,urine,and serum in military personnel evaluated for dyspnea [J]. BMC Med Genomics,2014,7:58.

[13] Oliveiracarvalho V,Silva MMFD,Guimar?觔es GV,et al. MicroRNAs:new players in heart failure [J]. Mol Biol Rep,2013,40(3):2663-2670.

[14] Min PK,Chan SY. The biology of circulating microRNAs in cardiovascular disease [J]. Eur J Clin Invest,2015,45(8):860-874.

[15] Dong S,Ma W,Hao B,et al. microRNA-21 promotes cardiac fibrosis and development of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction by up-regulating Bcl-2 [J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2014,7(2):565-574.

[16] Kolpa HJ,Peal DS,Lynch SN,et al. miR-21 represses Pdcd4 during cardiac valvulogenesis [J]. Development,2013, 140(10):2172-2180.

[17] Gundara JS,Zhao J,Gill AJ,et al. Noncoding RNA blockade of autophagy is therapeutic in medullary thyroid cancer [J]. Cancer Med,2015,4(2):174-182.

[18] Breitling S,Ravindran K,Goldenberg NM,et al. The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease [J]. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2015,309(9):L924-941.

[19] Malhotra R,Dhakal BP,Eisman AS,et al. Pulmonary vascular distensibility predicts pulmonary hypertension severity,exercise capacity,and survival in heart failure [J]. Circ Heart Fail,2016,9(6):e003-011.

[20] Wei C,Li L,Kim IK,et al. NF-kappaB mediated miR-21 regulation in cardiomyocytes apoptosis under oxidative stress [J]. Free Radic Res,2014,48(3):282-291.

(收稿日期:2017-11-21 本文編輯:蘇 暢)

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