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川西藏區(qū)自然發(fā)酵牦牛酸醡肉工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化及品質(zhì)特性

2018-11-20 10:59彭毅秦
肉類研究 2018年7期

摘 要:為研究川西藏區(qū)自然發(fā)酵牦牛酸醡肉的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工藝及品質(zhì)特性,以感官評(píng)分為目標(biāo)參數(shù),綜合評(píng)分為響應(yīng)值進(jìn)行響應(yīng)面設(shè)計(jì),優(yōu)化其發(fā)酵工藝,并進(jìn)行成品品質(zhì)特性分析。結(jié)果表明:最優(yōu)發(fā)酵工藝為22 ℃發(fā)酵40 h。成品牦牛酸醡肉含氨基酸16 種,氨基酸總含量21.8 g/100 g,必需氨基酸/總氨基酸比值為40.98%,蘇氨酸與天冬氨酸為主要呈味氨基酸;成品牦牛酸醡肉中揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)共檢測(cè)出114 種,主要包括碳?xì)浠衔铮?3 種)、醇類(35 種)、酯類(27 種)和醚類(3 種),相對(duì)含量均大于5%,此外還含有醛類(12 種)、酚類(7 種)、酸類(7 種)、酮類(14 種)和含氮化合物(9 種)。

關(guān)鍵詞:牦牛酸醡肉;自然發(fā)酵;工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;品質(zhì)特性

Processing Standardization and Quality Characteristics of Naturally Fermented Sour Yak Meat in

Tibetan Areas of West Sichuan

PENG Yiqin1, DING Jie1,2,*, SHU Xiaofang1, LIU Chunyan1, LU Xuesong1, HE Jianghong1, XIAO Meng1, WU Huachang1

(1.College of Food Science, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China;

2.College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China)

Abstract: This study was carried out aiming to optimize fermentation conditions for the production of naturally fermented sour yak meat in the Tibetan areas of west Sichuan and to evaluate its quality characteristics. Optimization was carried out using response surface methodology. Sensory evaluation score was used as response variable. The optimal fermentation temperature and time were determined as 22 ℃ and 40 h, respectively. The product prepared under these conditions contained 16 amino acids; the total amino acid content was 21.8 g/100 g and the ratio of essential amino acid to total amino acid was 40.98%. Threonine and aspartic acid were identified as the main flavor amino acids. A total of 114 volatile compounds were identified in the fermented meat including 53 hydrocarbons, 35 alcohols, 27 esters and 3 ethers, accounting respectively for more than 5%, as well as 12 aldehydes, 7 phenols, 7 acids, 14 ketones and 9 nitrogenous compounds.

Keywords: sour yak meat; natural fermentation; processing standardization; quality characteristics

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201807006

中圖分類號(hào):TS251.52 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1001-8123(2018)07-0029-08

引文格式:

彭毅秦, 丁捷, 舒小芳, 等. 川西藏區(qū)自然發(fā)酵牦牛酸醡肉工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化及品質(zhì)特性[J]. 肉類研究, 2018, 32(7): 29-36. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201807006. http://www.rlyj.pub

PENG Yiqin, DING Jie, SHU Xiaofang, et al. Processing standardization and quality characteristics of naturally fermented sour yak meat in tibetan areas of west sichuan[J]. Meat Research, 2018, 32(7): 29-36. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201807006. http://www.rlyj.pub

酸醡肉是我國(guó)西南少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)發(fā)酵肉制品[1],以鮮肉為主料,玉米粉、米粉或青稞粉及多種調(diào)味料為輔料,經(jīng)自然發(fā)酵而成,品種主要分為三大類:湘西地區(qū)侗族傳統(tǒng)酸肉、貴州荔波傳統(tǒng)酸肉和四川扎壩臭豬肉。酸醡肉因其營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富、口感獨(dú)特且極具地域民族特色,而深受消費(fèi)者歡迎,市場(chǎng)潛力巨大。李麗華等[2]對(duì)傳統(tǒng)湘西酸醡肉的加工工藝進(jìn)行改造研究;謝垚垚等[3]使用混合乳酸菌進(jìn)行快速發(fā)酵,將侗族傳統(tǒng)酸醡肉的發(fā)酵時(shí)間縮短至30 h;趙莊等[4]使用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)法快速測(cè)定酸肉中10 種揮發(fā)性N-亞硝胺類化合物;Leisner等[5]研究不同類型乳酸菌的生長(zhǎng)對(duì)酸醡肉在厭氧(真空)和有氧條件下貯藏期限的影響;Hu Yanxin等[6]將細(xì)菌素運(yùn)用于傳統(tǒng)酸醡肉的防腐;盧雪松等[7]探究多種烹飪方式對(duì)糊辣風(fēng)味酸醡肉食用品質(zhì)的影響。