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高一零碎知識點大集合

2018-11-20 07:04何一希
新高考·英語基礎(高一) 2018年2期
關鍵詞:先行例句景色

何一希

詞匯巧辨

scene與sight, scenery,view盡管有著相近的意思,但在具體使用中卻存在差異。

scene指具有一定特征的各種可見的景色,也常指事件或故事發(fā)生的地點,含有“場景、場面”的意思。例如:Policemen were soon on the scene after the murder.謀殺案發(fā)生后警察很快到了現場。

sight通常表示“景象、視力、視野”,側重指旅游觀光的風光,包括城市景色或自然風光景色,也指人造景物或奇特的景色。例如:After two hours' drive,we finally could see the sights of Nanjing.經過兩小時的車程,我們終于看到南京城的景象了。

scenery“風景、景色”,指一個國家或某一地區(qū)的整體自然風景。例如:The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife.這座島擁有如此多的自然風光和野生動物。

view是普通名詞,多指從遠處或高處所見的景色。還有“觀點、看法”之意。例如:From the top of the mountain,you can get a good view of the city.從山頂上看下去,你能看到城市的好風光。

詞匯點滴

我們先來看一個例句:Most young women want slim figure these days,especially here in Canada.句中figure的意思是什么?你猜到了嗎?意思是:體型、身材。figure -詞的意思比較多,同學們一定要多加注意。除了例句中出現的意思,figure作為名詞時還有“人物:畫像:雕像:數字”等意思。例如:

One of the most colorful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza.拳擊史上最引人矚目的人物是丹尼爾·門多薩。

He caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins.他看見一個人影,并馬上認出那是比爾·威爾金斯。

This figure has long been held to possess miraculous power.這個數字一直被認為擁有不可思議的力量。

The figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework.這個雕像是用銅制成的,由一個金屬框架支撐著。

【拓展】figure用作動詞時的用法搭配和意思有:

figure v.認為

figure that...認為……

figure sb./ sth.out弄明白:弄懂:弄清楚

例如:I figured that you wouldn't like the movie.我認為你不會喜歡這部電影。

We couldn't figure him out.我們摸不透他。

I can't figure out why he quit the present job.我捉摸不透他為什么要辭掉現在的這份工作。

活用一:寫出下列句子中figure的確切意思:

1. The present situation is a little bit complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure out its reality.

2. People are informed of the figure of deaths annually from road accidents.

3. He has an athletic figure as he works out in the gym every day.

語法點滴

Upon finishing his studies,he started traveling in China.比賽一結束,他便開始游歷中國。

句中upon/ on+n./doing表示“一……就”,相當于as soon as的時間狀語從句。

高中英語中有許多表示“一……就……”的短語和結構。高考也常以此作為考點。意思相近的短語還有:as soon as+從句:

the moment/ minute/ second/ instant+從句;

immediately/ instantly/ directly+從句;

no sooner... than...,hardly... when...等。

活用二:用確切的鏈接詞填空:

1.______had l left my house than it began to rain.我剛要離開家就下雨了。

2.The teacher rushed into the classroom ______ _________ she heard the noise.老師一聽見響聲就沖進教室。

3._______ getting into the room, he heard the telephone ringing. -進入房間,他就聽到電話鈴聲。

4._____ _____ _____

he got to Nanjing, he went to visit his teacher.他一到南京就去看望他的老師。

錯題整理

Many young people, most____were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

A. of which

B.of them

C.of whom

D.of those

【解析】本題考查定語從句,是2016年的高考題,也是一道容易讓學生出錯的選擇題。本題定語從句先行詞是many young people,關系代詞whom指代先行詞,在定語從句中作為介詞of的賓語。句意:很多年輕人都前往偏遠地區(qū)追求他們的夢想,其中大部分人都是受過良好教育。故C為正確答案。錯選A是因為學生沒有搞清楚先行詞是人時必須用whom,而先行詞是物時才能用which。錯選B或D是學生沒有掌握句法概念。

試題知識點拓展:

of whom/which引導的定語從句:在非限制性定語從句中,先行詞作為一個整體,表示整體中的一部分,即表示“部分與整體”的關系時,用…of which/whom或者of which/whom...都可以。但與表示所屬關系不同,這里不能用whose來代替of which。

一、表示整體中的部分

The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽車大多數都已經擠滿了人,它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。

I picked up the apples,some of which were badly bruised.我撿起那些蘋果,其中有一些碰擦得很厲害。

I bought a dozen eggs,six of which broke when I dropped the box.我買了一打雞蛋,其中六個在我失手掉了盒子時摔碎了。

There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite.只剩兩瓶,一瓶快喝完了,另一瓶沒完全喝完。

The treasure, some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.這些寶藏已被送往大英博物館,其中有一些是修復過的。

二、表示所屬關系

(1) He's written a book,the name of which l've forgotten.他寫了一本書,書名我忘了。

句中的the name of which=whose name。

(2) It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered.這是一項其細節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。

句中的the details of which=whose details。

活用一答案:1.弄清楚2.數字3.身材

活用二答案:1.No sooner 2.the moment/minute/second/instant 3.Upon 4.As soon as

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