“Squat” is more general in dance training，and involve in different kinds of dances，for example，F(xiàn)olk dance lies in the style of training “squatting”，but Classical dance widely stresses on dancing modeling on the basis of squatting，as well as，the training of Ballet （Pilé） is both functional and artistic.The function embodies that make the muscles and ligaments of the lower extremities be more elasticity and elasticity by Pilé，laying the foundation for a complex and elaborate ballet performance；Artistry is embodied in the rules of Pilé， which embodies the western aesthetic principles of openness， rigidity and integrity.

The movement of Pilérefers to the condition of the human body from being upright.Through the flexion and extension of the knees and ankles， the human bodys center of gravity moves downward and upward.This action mode is called the “closed loop control system” of action，which proposed by Jack Adams （Jack Adams） in the 70s of last century，“It means that people can use the feedback functions of various sensory information， such as proprietor， to control long and slow motion skills.”Therefore， the motion structure of Pilé is plastic and can be continuously calibrated to form precise and standardized movements.

The action mechanism of Pilé

The action specification ofPilé

The author divides the complete action of Pilé into three stages： standing， squatting， and rising.

The form of standing is the foundation，and fostering correct posture is the foundation of all dance training，Its also the action preparation stage of Pilé。Because of the particularity of ballet and the “difficult and beautiful” principle of its classical art，Standing for ballet training needs long term cultivation，and constant revision can form a good dynamic setting.In general，The stance of Pilé is different from the upright position of the human body at the beginning.On the basis of opening up， “stepping down” and “l(fā)ifting up” require a lot of muscles to coordinate the effort，to maintain the standing form of the aesthetic requirements of ballet，laying the foundation for the upright and elegant posture。

Anatomic analysis of Pilé

From the first stage of standing， the legs should begin to move from the hip joint along the vertical axis of the lower limb， and pass through the knee and ankle joint with spiral external rotation， and the sole is spread on the ground. Squatting and up stage are the movements of the human body on the frontal and vertical axes， provided that they are sufficiently open.

The joints involved in Pilé are mainly hip， knee and ankle joints. When standing， the pelvis is slightly lower than the normal position， and the hip joints are connected to the external rotation of the lower extremities. In the squat stage， the knee joint is flexed， the hip joint is abducted， the ankle joint does the passive extension movement， so that the joints and muscles are fully extended and elongated against the muscles， and the knee joints are extended and the hip joints connect to the lower limbs when up. Slightly passive adduction， ankle flexion movement （straight）.

Analysis of the muscular work of Pilé

The muscles of the lower limbs of the human body are relatively developed， which support the upright， walking and various creative activities of the human body. Ballet pays more attention to the comprehensive development and training of the muscles of the lower extremities. After more than 300 years of development， ballet training has formed a relatively perfect system based on the working principle and mechanism of lower limb muscles.

The muscles involved in Pil e are gluteal muscle， sartorius muscle， two femoral muscles， four femoral head muscles， triceps femoris and tibialis posterior muscles. The gluteus maximus and sartorius muscles are the main muscles to keep the dancers from standing outside， and contractive for the centripetal. It is mainly to open the large rotors of the hip joint and provide enough space for the leg squat. At the time of squatting， the two head of the femoris should be statically supported on the outer edge of the thigh， and the four muscles of the femoris are pulled for the degenerate work.

Conclusion

This paper conducts a comprehensive and in-depth study of the basic Pilé movement in ballet training. From the perspective of its basic connotation and denotation and action mechanism， we find out the training value and important utility of Pilé. Therefore， I think that in the dance training， we should strengthen the Pilé movement normalization， maximize the training of the contraction and extension of the multiple joint muscles of the lower limbs， and make the students clear the muscle feeling of the whole action process， so as to effectively improve their dance skills and the ability of the table.

【作者簡介】李鶴群（1986.7- ），男，漢族，北京人，中央民族大學(xué)舞蹈學(xué)院藝術(shù)碩士，講師，從事舞蹈基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練課研究。