建筑設計：邁克爾·毛贊建筑事務所

這座面積8826m2的6層星公寓拓展了客戶在洛杉磯市中心提供永久支持性住房的模型。建筑圍繞3個相互堆疊的主空間區(qū)來組織：街道層的商業(yè)/零售區(qū)；用于社區(qū)活動的2層；以及上面4層帶陽臺的住宅。建筑設計從積極的再社會化、健康的人際關系和身心健康出發(fā)，促進了無家可歸者的身心恢復。客戶和設計團隊同住戶、物業(yè)管理、居民服務人員開展了多次社區(qū)設計研討會，征求直接影響設計的反饋意見。項目追求的不僅是改善居民的生活質量，還要喚起一種自豪感、獨立性和尊嚴。

舒適的首層是洛杉磯縣衛(wèi)生部（DHS）衛(wèi)生住房局的新總部，還有由DHS管理的5個診室的醫(yī)療診所。輔助服務和物業(yè)經(jīng)理的辦公室就在這層，另有25個室內停車位。環(huán)繞式店面玻璃窗為底層空間帶來了自然光。

二層的健康衛(wèi)生中心有很多公共空間，比如社區(qū)廚房、會議室、藝術室和圖書館，以及健身房、跑步/走步機和匹克球場等娛樂空間。居民能夠享受充足的戶外露臺空間及約186m2的社區(qū)果蔬園。獨立的單間公寓有就餐廚房、臥室和浴室。

建筑有多個陽臺用于社區(qū)活動和康復活動，其設計是為了最大限度利用自然空氣和陽光，在洛杉磯市中心的高密度和城市機體中促進安全的社交活動。公寓單元十分寬敞，其設計意在推動獨立、健康的生活。

這座LEED住宅白金認證建筑是用預制模數(shù)化住宅單元建造的，這些單元從兩層的混凝土上層結構中懸挑出來。面對有限的預算和緊張的進度，設計團隊決定將預制模塊吊裝到新的結構裙房上，這將帶來更高的施工質量、滿足更嚴格的施工容差，確保實現(xiàn)項目的可持續(xù)性目標。獨立公寓單元是在工地外制造，并運到施工場地、吊裝到結構裙房上的。很多先進做法都是同洛杉磯市的建筑部門和監(jiān)察官合作實現(xiàn)的，這給人們帶來了對預制模數(shù)化施工安全可行的信心。該項目是洛杉磯第一個采用這種施工方式的具有混合功能、可負擔的低價住房項目。□（尚晉 譯）

1 外景/Exterior view

2 夜景/Night view

3 鳥瞰/Aerial view

The six-story, 8826m2/95,000 sf Star Apartments expands upon the client's model of providing permanent supportive housing within the downtown core of Los Angeles. The building is organised around three principal spatial zones,stacked one upon the other: a commercial/retail zone at street level; a second level for community programmes; and four terraced floors of residences above. The building design facilitates a recovery process for homeless residents based on positive re-socialisation, healthy interpersonal relations, and wellness. The client and design team led numerous community design sessions with residents as well as property management and resident services staff to attain feedback that directly impacted the design. The project seeks to not only improve the quality of life for residents but to inspire a sense of pride, independence, and dignity.

The welcoming first floor includes the new headquarters of the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services' (DHS) Housing for Health Division and a medical clinic with five exam rooms operated by the DHS. Offices for supportive services and the property manager are situated on this floor along with 25 indoor parking spaces. Wrap-around storefront glazing brings in natural light to the ground floor spaces.

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

6 標準層平面/Typical floor plan

7 圖示/Diagram

8 總平面/Site plan

9 東立面/East elevation

10 南北剖面/North-south section

The second floor's Health and Wellness Centre features numerous common spaces such as a community kitchen, meeting room, art room, and library, as well as recreational spaces such as an exercise room, running/walking track, and a pickle ball court. Residents are able to enjoy generous outdoor patio spaces and approximately 186m2/2,000 sf of community edible gardens. Individual studio apartments include an eat-in kitchen, bedroom, and bathroom.

With multiple terraces for communal and rehabilitative activities, the building is designed to maximise natural air and light and encourage safe social activities, juxtaposed against the density and urbanism in downtown Los Angeles. Apartment units are spacious and designed to promote independent and healthy living.

The LEED for Homes Platinum development was constructed with prefabricated modular housing units that are cantilevered on a 2-storey concrete superstructure. Faced with a limited budget and tight schedule, the design team determined that prefabricated modules lifted into place over a new structural podium would enable a higher quality of construction, meet tighter construction tolerances,and ensure sustainability goals for the project were met. Individual apartment units were built off-site and delivered to the project site and craned into place on the structural podium. Many advances were made with the building department and inspectors in the City of Los Angeles to instill confidence that prefabricated modular construction can be safe and viable. The project is the first mixed-use, affordable housing project in Los Angeles to employ this construction method. □

11 外景/Exterior view

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: 240 E. Sixth Street, Los Angeles, CA

建筑設計與施工圖/Design Architect and Architect of Record: Michael Maltzan Architecture, Inc.

客戶/Client: Skid Row Housing Trust

結構工程/Structural Engineers: B.W. Smith Structural Engineers, Nova Structures Inc.

機電工程/MEP Engineers: Green Engineering Consulting Group, Inc.

市政工程/Civil Engineers: KPFF Consulting Engineers

景觀設計/Landscape: Valley Crest Design Group

室內設計/Interior Designer (Hired By Client): Collaborative House

照明設計/Lighting: Michael Maltzan Architecture, Inc.

聲學設計/Acoustical: Martin Newson & Associates LLC

預制件咨詢/Prefab Consultant: Curtis Fletcher

建筑規(guī)范/Code: Arup

LEED咨詢/LEED Consultant: GB Works

技術指標/Specifications: AWC West Specifications Consulting

工程管理/Construction Manager: Cowley Real Estate Partners, Anejo Development

總承建商/General Contractor: Westport Construction （總承建商/General Contractor）, Guerdon Enterprises （預制件承建商/Prefabrication Contractor）

竣工時間/Completion Date: 2014.10

建筑規(guī)模/Building Size: 8826m2, 102單元/units

造價/Costs: $40,000,000（項目造價/project cost）;$19,300,000（工程造價/construction cost）

攝影/Photos: Iwan Baan

12 細部/Detail

13 平臺/Moment tray

評論

石克輝：“給窮人蓋房子”不是簡單地解決“棲居”的問題，而更像是在解決一場“難民危機”的社會問題。星公寓完美地完成了這個挑戰(zhàn)。實現(xiàn)了無家者的無憂生活，是一個極具社會關懷的設計。邁克爾·毛贊在公寓的底層把政府住房部門、醫(yī)療機構和物業(yè)管理與公寓緊密相連，讓居民盡可能地接觸社會，享受便捷的社會資源，二層的公共活動功能，增進了居民之間的交往，使公寓成為滿足居民心理需求的“小社會”。四層以上的住宅模塊被巨大的支柱支撐著，擁有雄渾力量，給無家者心理上的自豪與獨立感。巧妙地解決了居有定所、公共衛(wèi)生、人的尊嚴等無家者的核心問題，實現(xiàn)了建筑設計的再社會化。

關飛：這是洛杉磯第一個采用預制模數(shù)化施工方式建造起來的混合公寓。乍看這組建筑的形式令人費解，不僅其功能混合，在形式處理上也是混合的甚至怪異的。拋開形式美感的評判，細讀圖紙你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它的建造邏輯。我嘗試用“樹冠之宅”來解釋它的空間構成：街道層的商業(yè)與零售區(qū)如同土壤或根莖，與街道和場地緊密結合；二層的活動社區(qū)如同樹干或枝杈，是主要的支撐構件，空間也最為豐富；上面4層帶陽臺的住宅如同樹葉，對應于模數(shù)化和裝配式的建造模式，便于拆解和更新。從城市設計的角度來看，“樹冠之宅”所提供的蔭蔽空間，無疑為整個街區(qū)提供了最具特征和公共性的社交場所。

Comments

SHI Kehui: "Building houses for the poor" is not only about solving the problem of "dwelling", but more like addressing a social issue of "refugee crisis". Star Apartment has perfectly accomplished the challenge.It realises a carefree life for the homeless and can be regarded as a design with a high degree of social concerns.Michael Maltzan connects the bottom floor of the apartment with the housing department of government,the medical institution, and the property management department, in order to provide as more as possible opportunities for residents of the building to contact with the society and get access to social resources. And the public activity function at the second floor enhances the interactions among residents, transforming the apartment into a "small society" fulfilling residents' psychological demand. Supported by giant pillars, the housing module above the fourth floor demonstrates a strong power that supplies the sense of dignity and independency for the homeless in their mind. Through a delicate resolution to settled dwelling, public sanitation,human dignity, which are the core problems to the homeless people, the design achieves a re-socialisation of the architectural design.

GUAN Fei: This is the first mixed apartment built up by applying the construction method of pre-made module in Los Angeles. The first sight of the building is quite confusing, not only its functions are compound, but also its forms are mixed and even weird. Apart from an aesthetic judgment, a thorough reading of the blueprint will be helpful to discover its underlying construction logic. I try to explain its spatial structure with the idea of"a tree crown house": the commerce and retail area at the street level is like the earth or root that binds the street and the site closely; the activity community at the second floor is like the tree trunk or branches, which are the major supporting parts with the most profound space;and the 4 floors of apartments with balconies above are like leaves, which correspond with the modulised and fabricated construction method, easy to disassemble and renovate. From the perspective of city design, the "tree crown house" provides a shading space that doubtlessly becomes the most distinctive and public social place in the whole neighbourhood.

15 居民/Resident