苗淑華

Which words should you learn？ You hear and read many new words. Its important to consider what new words， phrases， and expressions are most important to you in order to increase your fluency in the English language. Consider how useful a vocabulary item may or may not be to you. If youre not sure of how to consider this， then ask someone or a teacher.

你應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)哪些單詞？你聽(tīng)到并讀了許多新詞。重要的是，要考慮哪些新詞匯、短語(yǔ)和表達(dá)對(duì)提高你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的流利程度來(lái)說(shuō)最重要。仔細(xì)思考一下，詞匯對(duì)你可能有用，也可能沒(méi)多大用。如果你不知道如何思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就問(wèn)問(wèn)其他人或老師。

We can think of vocabulary， or vocabulary items， as being either passive or active. Of course， some vocabulary， or vocabulary items， may fall into both kinds. Words we consider to be more passive are， of course， more useful for receptive1 skills. But we are more likely to use words we consider to be more active in our speaking. Ones specific purpose for increasing ones fluency can determine how much effort one should give to incorporating certain words into ones active vocabulary. [Note： Receptive language skills are listening and reading. Productive language skills are speaking and writing.]

我們可以將詞匯或詞匯項(xiàng)分為被動(dòng)或主動(dòng)兩種。當(dāng)然，有些詞匯或詞匯項(xiàng)可能屬于兩個(gè)類別。當(dāng)然，我們認(rèn)為偏向被動(dòng)的詞語(yǔ)對(duì)接受性技能更有用。但我們更傾向于使用我們認(rèn)為比較主動(dòng)的詞語(yǔ)。一個(gè)人提高流利程度的具體目的，可以決定人們應(yīng)該付出多大的努力來(lái)將某些詞匯融入到主動(dòng)詞匯中。（注意：接受性語(yǔ)言技能有聽(tīng)力和閱讀。生產(chǎn)性語(yǔ)言能力有口語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)作。）

Using a dictionary

A dictionary can give you information about the following： spelling， meaning， pronunciation， part of speech， inflected2 forms， grammatical features3， collocations4， similar or opposite words， and example phrases or sentences. When writing a word in a notebook， one should write the information about a particular word that is most important. This wont be same for each word， and the information that each person records wont always be the same.

使用字典

字典可以為你提供以下信息：拼寫(xiě)、含義、發(fā)音、詞性、變形形式、語(yǔ)法特征、搭配、近義或反義詞以及示例短語(yǔ)或句子。在筆記本中記一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該記對(duì)一個(gè)特定的單詞而言最重要的信息。每個(gè)單詞都不一樣，每個(gè)人記錄的信息也不總是相同的。

Studying and learning

Study and learn words in context5. The traditional way of memorizing isolated6 words which are part of vocabulary lists often does not prove to be beneficial. Its important to notice how words are used with other words in what we call lexical7 phrases， fixed expressions， semi-fixed8 expressions， and collocations. Context is important.

研究和學(xué)習(xí)

在上下文中鉆研和學(xué)習(xí)單詞。用傳統(tǒng)方法記憶詞匯表中的單個(gè)單詞往往被證明是無(wú)效的。在詞匯短語(yǔ)、固定表達(dá)式、半固定表達(dá)和搭配中，注意詞匯是如何與其他詞語(yǔ)一起使用，這點(diǎn)很重要。上下文非常重要。

Observe9 words， expressions， lexical phrases， and collocations in online articles， podcasts10， magazines， movies， on the radio， or in newspaper articles. Consider how vocabulary items are used， why they are used， where they are used， and when they are used. Record is important as well. Some words may be suited to more casual11 and informal12 types of context， whereas others may more often occur in more formal and serious types of context. Write new words and expressions in a vocabulary notebook， and keep the sources from which you come across new words， phrases， or expressions in order to observe the context in which writers and speakers use them.

觀察網(wǎng)絡(luò)文章、播客、雜志、電影、廣播或報(bào)紙文章中的詞匯、表達(dá)、短語(yǔ)和搭配?？紤]如何使用詞匯項(xiàng)，為什么使用它們，在何處使用以及何時(shí)使用。記錄也很重要。有些詞語(yǔ)可能適合更隨意和非正式的背景類型，而另一些詞語(yǔ)可能更常出現(xiàn)在比較正式和嚴(yán)肅的背景類型中。為了觀察作者和演講者使用時(shí)的上下文，在詞匯記事本中記下新單詞和表達(dá)方式，并保留出現(xiàn)新單詞、短語(yǔ)或表達(dá)的來(lái)源。

Notes：

1. receptive adj. 接受性的

2. inflected adj. 屈折的；字尾有變化的

3. feature n. 特色，特征

4. collocation n. 搭配；配置；排列

5. context n. 環(huán)境；上下文；來(lái)龍去脈

6. isolated adj. 孤立的；分離的；單獨(dú)的

7. lexical adj. 詞匯的；[語(yǔ)] 詞典的

8. semi-fixed半固定的

9. observe vt. 觀察；注意到；評(píng)論

10. podcast n. 播客

11. casual adj. 隨便的；非正式的

12. informal adj. 非正式的；不拘禮節(jié)的；隨便的