史茹茹,史資,陳新,章慧
摘要 [目的]研究茄葉斑鳩菊的化學(xué)成分。[方法]利用硅膠色譜、大孔樹脂層析、Sephadex LH-20和ODS反相層析等方法,對(duì)茄葉斑鳩菊提取物進(jìn)行分離純化,并根據(jù)理化性質(zhì)和波譜數(shù)據(jù)鑒定化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。[結(jié)果]從茄葉斑鳩菊中分離得到了6個(gè)神經(jīng)酰胺類化合物,分別鑒定為1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino] -8-octadecene -1,3-diol、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)- 2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8 -octadecene-1,3,4-triol、Soya cerbroside I、 (2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxy tetracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol、(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol、(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypentracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol。[結(jié)論]6個(gè)化合物均為首次從該植物中分離得到,為茄葉斑鳩菊活性成分的開發(fā)利用奠定基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞 斑鳩菊屬;茄葉斑鳩菊;化學(xué)成分;神經(jīng)酰胺;分離純化
中圖分類號(hào) R284.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611(2018)06-0176-03
Study on Chemical Constituents of Vernonia solanifolia
SHI Ruru,SHI Zi,CHEN Xin et al (School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan,Hubei 430023)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to study the chemical components of Vernonia solanifolia.[Method]The components were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography,macroporous resin chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 and ODS reverse phase chromatography and other methods,and the structure of the compound was identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data.[Result]Six ceramide compounds were isolated from Vernonia solanifolia,and their structure were identified as 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino] -8-octadecene -1,3-diol;1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)- 2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8 -octadecene-1,3,4-triol;Soyacerbroside I;(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxy tetracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol;(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol;(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypentracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol.[Conclusion]Six compounds were isolated from Vernonia solanifolia for the first time,which laid the foundation for the development and utilization of the active ingredients of Vernonia solanifolia.
Key words Vernonia;Vernonia solanifolia;Chemical constituents;Ceramide;Separation and purification
茄葉斑鳩菊(Vernonia solanifolia)是菊科斑鳩菊屬的植物,又名白花毛桃、咸蝦菊、涼藤、過山龍等,全草入藥,治腹痛、腸炎、痧氣等癥。該屬植物約1 000種,主產(chǎn)熱帶地區(qū)。我國有30余種,分布在西南至東南部和臺(tái)灣[1]。該屬植物我國民間作為草藥入藥,全草藥用,具有發(fā)表散寒、清熱止瀉的作用,可治療急性腸胃炎、風(fēng)熱感冒、頭痛、瘧疾等癥[2];美洲該屬植物被用作驅(qū)蟲、抗瘧植物藥,療效顯著。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者曾對(duì)該屬植物的化學(xué)成分有較多研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)主要成分為倍半萜類、三萜、黃酮、甾體、揮發(fā)油等,這些成分展現(xiàn)了多方面的藥理活性,如抗腫瘤、抗真菌、抗瘧等[3]。史資等[4]對(duì)茄葉斑鳩菊提取物活性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),發(fā)現(xiàn)該植物全草甲醇提取物具有較強(qiáng)的抗腫瘤活性和抗氧化活性。但有關(guān)茄葉斑鳩菊的化學(xué)成分研究較少,為了發(fā)現(xiàn)抗腫瘤活性物質(zhì),筆者對(duì)茄葉斑鳩菊甲醇提取物進(jìn)行了化學(xué)成分研究。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料 茄葉斑鳩菊全草采集于中國福建,由福建省亞熱帶植物研究所陳華良博士鑒定為Vernonia solanifolia,藥材標(biāo)本保存于武漢輕工大學(xué)天然產(chǎn)物資源開發(fā)與利用研究室。
1.2 儀器與試劑 Bruker AV 400型核磁共振波譜儀(瑞士布魯克公司);十萬分之一分析天平(日本島津公司,AUWl20D);數(shù)顯恒溫水浴鍋(常州丹瑞實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器設(shè)備有限公司,HH-D4);柱層析硅膠(100~200目,青島海洋化工廠);MCI GEL CHP 20P (日本三菱化學(xué)公司);D101大孔吸附樹脂(天津興南允能高分子技術(shù)有限公司);ODS中壓色譜柱填料(日本YMC公司);Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia 公司);化學(xué)試劑均為分析純(國藥集團(tuán)化學(xué)試劑有限公司)。
1.3 試驗(yàn)方法 茄葉斑鳩菊全草5 kg,粉碎,以95%乙醇加熱回流提取3次,將提取液合并濃縮至無醇味,加水混懸,依次用石油醚、正丁醇萃取,得石油醚部位浸膏200 g,正丁醇部位浸膏300 g。
石油醚部位浸膏,采用硅膠柱層析,石油醚-乙酸乙酯梯度洗脫,通過TLC檢測(cè)合并后得到4個(gè)組分(Fr I~I(xiàn)V)。Fr III經(jīng)D101大孔吸附樹脂乙醇梯度洗脫,反復(fù)硅膠柱層析、反相ODS柱層析和凝膠柱層析進(jìn)行分離純化,得到3個(gè)化合物,分別為化合物4(9.5 mg)、化合物5(12.8 mg)、化合物6(16.8 mg)。正丁醇部位浸膏,經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脫),通過TLC檢測(cè)合并后得到3個(gè)組分Fr 1~3,F(xiàn)r 2經(jīng)過MCI樹脂(甲醇-水梯度洗脫),硅膠柱層析(氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脫)、反相柱層析(甲醇-水梯度洗脫)以及凝膠柱層析(甲醇洗脫)進(jìn)行分離純化,得化合物1(18.8 mg)、化合物2(21.2 mg)和化合物3(14.9 mg)。
2 結(jié)果與分析
試驗(yàn)分離得到的6個(gè)化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1,化合物1~6經(jīng)過核磁共振波譜技術(shù)測(cè)定,與參考文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)6個(gè)化合物均為神經(jīng)酰胺類化合物,且均為首次從該植物中分離得到。
2.1 化合物1 白色膠狀固體,ESI-MS m/z:716 [M+H]+,分子式為 C40H77NO9。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz) δ:7.49 (1H,d,J=9.0Hz,NH),5.36 (2H,m,H-8,9),4.13 (1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1″),3.91 (1H,m,H-1a),3.86 (1H,m,H-2′),3.78 (1H,m,H-2),3.68 (1H,dd,J=10.0,6.0 Hz,H-6″a),3.58 (1H,dd,J=10.0,3.8 Hz,H-1b),3.46 (1H,m,H-3),3.41 (1H,m,H-6″b),3.16 (1H,m,H-3″),3.12 (1H,m,H-5″),3.06 (1H,m,H-4″),2.96 (1H,m,H-2″),1.94 (4H,m,H-7,10),1.56 (4H,m,H-3′,4′),1.55 (2H,m,H-5),1.27 (2H,m,H-4),1.20~1.38 (16H,m,H-6,11-15,16,17),1.20~1.38 (22H,m,H-5′-15′),0.86 (6H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-18,16′);13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ:174.6 (C-1′),131.0 (C-8),128.7 (C-9),104.8 (C-1″),77.8 (C-3″),77.5(C-5″),74.4 (C-2″),71.9 (C-2′),70.5 (C-3),70.5 (C-4″),70.0 (C-1),62.0 (C-6″),53.6 (C-2),35.3 (C-3′),34.3 (C-4),33.0(C-7),32.8 (C-10),32.1 (C-16),32.1 (C-14′),28.0~29.5 (C-6,11-15),28.0-29.5 (C-5′-13′),25.6 (C-4′),25.1 (C-5),23.2 (C-17,15′),14.7(C-18,16′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5]報(bào)道的化合物1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol基本一致。
2.2 化合物2 白色膠狀固體,ESI-MS m/z:732[M+H]+,分子式為C40H77NO10。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz) δ:7.51 (1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,NH),5.38 (2H,m,H-8,9),4.14 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-1″),4.10 (1H,m,H-2),3.85 (1H,m,H-2′),3.80 (1H,m,H-1a),3.69 (1H,m,H-6″a),3.66 (1H,m,H-1b),3.37 (1H,m,H-3),3.44 (1H,m,H-6″b),3.35 (1H,m,H-4),3.14 (1H,m,H-3″),3.10 (1H,m,H-5″),3.04 (1H,m,H-4″),2.94 (1H,m,H-2″),1.93 (4H,m,H-7,10),1.49 (4H,m,H-3′,4′),1.19~1.36 (16H,m,H-5,6,11-17),1.19-1.36 (22H,m,H-5′-15′),0.88 (6H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-18,16′);13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ:174.7 (C-1′),131.2 (C-8),130.8 (C-9),104.6 (C-1″),77.8 (C-3″),77.5(C-5″),75.1 (C-4),74.4 (C-2″),71.9 (C-2′),71.5 (C-3),70.9 (C-4″),69.8 (C-1),62.0 (C-6″),50.8 (C-2),35.5 (C-3′),33.2 (C-7),32.9 (C-10),32.2 (C-16,14′),29.5~30.0 (C-6,11-15),29.5~30.0 (C-5′-13′),26.4 (C-5),25.3 (C-4′),23.0 (C-17,15′),14.9 (C-18,16′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5]報(bào)道的化合物1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]- 8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol基本一致。
2.3 化合物3 白色無定型粉末,ESI-MS m/z:737 [M+Na]+,分子式為C40H75NO9。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400MHz) δ:8.39 (1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,NH),5.98 (2H,m,H-5,9),5.48 (2H,m,H-4,8),4.94 (1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1″),4.52 (1H,m,H-6′b),4.39 (1H,m,H-6′a),4.26 (2H,m,H-1a,3″),4.23 (2H,m,H-1b,4″),4.07 (3H,m,H-2,3,2′),3.92 (2H,m,H-2′,5″),2.15 (4H,s,H-6,7),1.98 (2H,m,H-10),1.72 (2H,m,H-3′),1.38 (2H,m,H-4′),1.20~1.36 (14H,m,H-11-17),1.20~1.38 (22H,m,H-5′-15′),0.87 (6H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-18,16′);13C-NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz) δ:174.6 (C-1′),131.6 (C-5),131.2 (C-9),130.2 (C-4),129.5 (C-8),104.5 (C-1″),77.4 (C-3″),77.1 (C-5″),74.1 (C-2″),71.6 (C-2′),70.3 (C-3),70.3 (C-4″),69.1 (C-1),61.8 (C-6″),53.7 (C-2),34.8 (C-3′),33.9 (C-10),33.3 (C-6),33.2 (C-7),29.4~30.1 (C-11-16),29.4~30.1 (C-5′-14′),24.8 (C-4′),22.1 (C-17,15′),13.5 (C-18,16′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[6]報(bào)道的化合物Soya cerbroside I基本一致。
2.4 化合物4 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z:682[M+H]+,分子式為C42H83NO5。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400MHz) δ:8.95 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz,NH),5.79 (2H,m,H-8,9),5.31 (1H,m,H-2),4.96 (1H,m,H-2′),4.86 (1H,dd,J=10.6,4.7 Hz,H-1a),4.75 (1H,dd,J=10.6,4.7 Hz,H-1b),4.65 (1H,m,H-4),4.71 (1H,m,H-3),1.60~1.65 (14H,m,H-11-17),1.60-1.65 (38H,m,H-4′-23′),1.21 (6H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-18,24′);13C-NMR (C5D5N,100 MHz) δ:175.6 (C-1′),131.6 (C-9),131.4 (C-8),75.8 (C-3),71.8 (C-4),71.4 (C-2′),61.1 (C-1),52.3 (C-2),34.6 (C-3′),32.8 (C-5),32.1 (C-10),31.8 (C-7),25.9 (C-6),31.4 (C-16,22′),29.1~31.2 (C-11-15),29.1~31.2 (C-5′-21′),24.6 (C-4′),22.1 (C-17,23′),13.2 (C-18,24′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[7]報(bào)道的化合物(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol基本一致。
2.5 化合物5 白色無定形粉末,ESI-MS m/z:570[M+H]+,分子式為C34H67NO5。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400MHz) δ:8.62 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,NH),5.61 (2H,m,H-8,9),5.06 (1H,m,H-2),4.59 (1H,m,H-2′),4.51 (1H,dd,J=10.6,4.6 Hz,H-1a),4.32 (1H,dd,J=10.6,4.6 Hz,H-1b),4.21 (2H,m,H-3,4),2.18 (4H,m,H-3′,5),1.98 (6H,m,H-6,7,10),1.65 (4H,m,H-15′,17),1.20~1.38 (22H,m,H-4′-14′),1.20~1.38 (12H,m,H-11-16),0.89 (6H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-18,16′);13C-NMR (C5D5N,100 MHz) δ:174.3 (C-1′),131.5 (C-9),131.2 (C-8),75.5 (C-3),71.6 (C-2′),71.0 (C-4),60.7 (C-1),51.6 (C-2),34.6 (C-3′),32.5 (C-5),32.0 (C-6),31.7 (C-4′),30.8 (C-7,10),26.8~30.1 (11-16),26.8~30.1 (5′-14′),21.6 (C-17,15′),13.2 (C-18,16′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]報(bào)道的化合物 (2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol基本一致。
2.6 化合物6 白色無定形粉末,ESI-MS m/z:696[M+H]+,分子式為C43H85NO5。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz) δ:8.65 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz,NH),5.59 (1H,m,H-8),5.56 (1H,m,H-9),5.15 (1H,m,H-2),4.67 (1H,m,H-2′),4.56 (1H,m,H-1a),4.49 (1H,m,H-1b),4.40 (1H,m,H-4),4.35 (1H,m,H-3),2.33 (2H,m,H-6),2.29 (2H,m,H-3′a),2.23 (2H,m,H-10),2.09 (2H,m,H-3′b),2.07 (2H,m,H-7),2.03 (2H,m,H-5),1.80 (2H,m,H-4′),1.25~1.38 (14H,m,H-11-17),1.25~1.38 (40H,m,H-5′-24′),0.86 (6H,t,J=6.7 Hz,H-18,25′);13C-NMR (C5D5N,100MHz) δ:174.3 (C-1′),129.9 (C-9),129.6 (C-8),75.9 (C-3),71.9 (C-4),71.5 (C-2′),61.0 (C-1),52.0 (C-2),34.7 (C-3′),33.2 (C-5),32.8 (C-6),32.3 (C-10),32.0 (C-7),25.7 (C-4′),22.0~31.1 (11-17),22.0~31.1 (5′-24′),13.2 (C-18,25′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9]報(bào)道的化合物 (2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypentracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol基本一致。
3 結(jié)論
該研究通過系統(tǒng)分離純化,從茄葉斑鳩菊全草提取物中分離鑒定了6個(gè)神經(jīng)酰胺類化合物,經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定分別為1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino] -8-octadecene -1,3-diol、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)- 2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8 -octadecene-1,3,4-triol、Soya cerbroside I、 (2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxy tetracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol、(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol、(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypentracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol。經(jīng)檢索,6個(gè)化合物均為首次從該植物中分離得到,該類化合物具有顯著的抗腫瘤、抗HIV、抗病毒、免疫調(diào)節(jié)、抗菌、抗炎等活性[10-12]。
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