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基于主題意義引領的高中英語讀寫課

2018-01-23 11:02:56周偉
校園英語·上旬 2018年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:意圖語篇意義

一、整體設計思路

1.理論依據(jù)。《普通高中英語課程標準(2017年版)》指出:語篇賦予語言學習以主題、情境和內(nèi)容,并以其特有的內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)、文體特征和語言形式,組織和呈現(xiàn)信息,服務雨主題意義的表達。因此,深入研讀語篇,把握主題意義、挖掘文化價值、分析文體特征和語言特點及其與主題意義的關(guān)聯(lián),對教師做好教學設計具有重要意義,是教師落實英語學科核心素養(yǎng)目標、創(chuàng)設合理學習活動的重要前提。

2.教學內(nèi)容分析及設計思路.本文是2016年高考北京卷閱讀理解B篇的文本,講述了一個女孩在家鄉(xiāng)小鎮(zhèn)遭遇颶風后,盡自己的力量創(chuàng)建了一個信息分享網(wǎng)站來幫助人們重建家園。文章告訴我們:只要盡力,小人物也會有大貢獻。該故事的主題屬于“人與社會”的話題。主題不僅為語言學習提供意義語境,還規(guī)約著語言知識和文化知識的學習范疇,滲透情感、態(tài)度和價值觀。本堂課的設計基于“help”這個主題詞,通過一系列的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的語言與思維活動主要解決1. Why did Mary decide to help the survivors of Hurricane Sandy? 2. How did Mary help the survivors of Hurricane Sandy? 這兩個問題,做好語言、知識、策略和思維的鋪墊。在形成知識結(jié)構(gòu)和深層理解的基礎上,欣賞語言、文體的使用,探討作者寫作意圖,滲透情感、態(tài)度和價值觀。然后續(xù)寫結(jié)尾,在新的語境中整合語言,實現(xiàn)知識的遷移創(chuàng)新。在學習活動方面不僅鼓勵學生自主學習,還提倡小組合作,落實學生在閱讀文本中的“讀”過程,保證有效輸入,且鼓勵學生在閱讀過程中思維的多向性,為讀后寫作做好鋪墊。在整個閱讀教學過程中,問題設計和實施都以促進學生的思維發(fā)展為導向,力求培養(yǎng)學生運用閱讀策略,獲取和處理相關(guān)信息的能力,并就獲取的信息進行評判性地吸收和發(fā)表自己的看法,拓展相關(guān)內(nèi)涵,最終促進學生閱讀素養(yǎng)的提升和思維的發(fā)展。

3.學生情況分析。本課的授課對象為高一學生。學生剛進入第二模塊的英語學習中,初步具備用英語獲取和處理信息,分析和解決問題的能力,初步掌握略讀、尋讀等閱讀策略。因而深層次的文本解讀和高階思維的發(fā)展對學生而言是需要突破的重點和難點。

二、教學目標(Teaching objectives)

By the end of this class, the students will be able to

1.obtain a general understanding of the given part of the text and the meaning of some key words and phrases, such as fierce, attack, hit, escape, in ruins, inspire, be honored as etc.

2.analyze why Mary decided to help survivors of Hurricane Sandy and how Mary helped the survivors through reading skills like skimming, scanning, summarizing.

3.learn to appreciate the authors writing skills of narrating a story by concentrating on the time clue (that night, the next day, in the following few days, in the coming months, today) and verbs ( escaped, found, inspired, created, helped, invited, honored).

4.become aware of the theme conveyed in the story by reading and thinking critically.

5.write an ending for the story with the help of previous analysis of the passage.

三、教學重難點(Key points and teaching difficulties)

1.Understanding fully why Mary decided to help survivors, how she helped and the theme conveyed in the story.

2.Raising the students awareness and ability of critical reading, thus cultivating their creative thinking and writing.

四、教學過程

Step 1 Lead-in.

1.Show two pictures of Tangshan and ask the students to talk about Tangshan Earthquake and how the army helped the survivors immediately after the earthquake.

2.Lead the students to another kind of natural disaster --- hurricane, introduce Hurricane Sandy and Mary and raise a question “How did Mary help the survivors of Hurricane Sandy?”.

設計意圖:通過簡單復習唐山地震和地震后部隊如何幫助幸存者直接引出另外一種自然災害———颶風桑迪,并提出How did Mary help the survivors of Hurricane Sandy?這個問題引起學生的懸念,從而產(chǎn)生對文本的閱讀興趣。

Step 2 Reading for thematic information.

1.Get the students to read the passage and focus on these two questions: “How did Mary help the survivors?”; “Why did Mary decide to help the survivors?.

2.Get the students to skim or scan the passage to finish the following tasks in order to work out the answers to the 2 questions above.

(1) Fill in the chart.

1)14; 2)lucky; 3)special; 4)fierce; 5)attacked; 6)hit; 7)in ruins; 8)lost; 9)suffering; 10)damaged).

(2) Answer the following questions after finishing the chart above.

1)What did people do to help the survivors?

2)What was the influence of those people on Mary?

3)Did the website page function effectively?

4)Because of her great efforts, ________________.

設計意圖:以主題意義為引領,以語篇為依托,著重解決①Why did Mary decide to help the survivors? ②How did Mary help the survivors?這兩個問題,避免碎片化教學,提高閱讀效率。

Step 3 Reading for logical thinking.

Ask the students to figure out the development order and the plot of the story and find the time clue and key verbs.

設計意圖:通過談論文章故事的時間線和發(fā)展情節(jié)來培養(yǎng)學生的邏輯思維能力。并引導學生重點關(guān)注與時間有關(guān)的短語和動詞的恰當運用,為以后的寫作積累經(jīng)驗。

Step 4 Reading for critical thinking.

Ask the students to discuss with their peers about the message conveyed in the story and give a title to the passage.

設計意圖:通過討論文章的主題和文章的標題,表達自己的觀點,培養(yǎng)學生的批判性思維能力。

Step 5 Reading for creative thinking.

Allow the students enough time to write an ending for the story and share with their peers.

設計意圖:在文本深層理解之后,創(chuàng)造性地進行語言的輸出。以讀促寫,讀寫結(jié)合,培養(yǎng)學生創(chuàng)造性思維能力。

Step 6 Assignment.

Ask the students to polish and share their endings with their peers.

設計意圖:好文章是修改出來的,學生在修改潤色自己的文章后再和同伴互批互評,共同學習,相互促進,在合作學習中相互提高。

五、教學反思

為了避免碎片化的教學,本堂課以主題“help”為引領,以語篇為依托,以解決:1.Why did Mary decide to help the survivors of Hurricane Sandy? 2.How did Mary help the survivors of Hurricane Sandy? 這兩個問題為目的,把語言知識與文化知識整合在一起學習,運用聽說讀看寫等技能,理解和表達意義、意圖和情感態(tài)度,發(fā)展邏輯思維、批判思維和創(chuàng)新思維,使學生學會學習。

參考文獻:

[1]教育部.普通高中英語課程標準(2017年版)[Z].2018.

【作者簡介】周偉,浙江省桐廬中學。

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