王安娜 涂杰霞 王洪洲
[摘 要] 目的:檢測失眠患者神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物水平變化,為失眠發(fā)病機(jī)制的探索提供新的思路。方法:104例失眠患者,按照其治療情況分為初診組(n=66)、復(fù)診組(n=38),并選取同期30名健康體檢者納入對照組。檢測三組受試者血清神經(jīng)絲重鏈(NfH)、神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100鈣結(jié)合蛋白B(S100B)水平,并分析上述神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物與受試者多導(dǎo)睡眠圖(PSG)參數(shù)的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果:初診組NfH高于復(fù)診組,NSE高于復(fù)診組合對照組,初診組、復(fù)診組血清NfH、S100B均高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),復(fù)診組與對照組血清NSE水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。初診組睡眠潛伏期高于復(fù)診組,其睡眠效率低于復(fù)診組、對照組,初診組、復(fù)診組睡眠潛伏期高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),三組受試者總睡眠時(shí)間、REM期睡眠時(shí)間、REM%、N3期睡眠時(shí)間、N3%比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。相關(guān)性分析顯示NfH與睡眠潛伏期呈正相關(guān),NSE與睡眠效率呈負(fù)正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:失眠患者血清NfH、NSE、S100B均顯著升高,經(jīng)治療后,患者血清NfH、NSE明顯降低且PSG參數(shù)有所改善,神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物與患者病情變化具有密切關(guān)聯(lián)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 失眠;神經(jīng)絲重鏈;神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶;S100鈣結(jié)合蛋白B
中圖分類號(hào):R741.04 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):2095-5200(2017)05-001-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201705001
Study on the level of nerve injury markers in patients with insomnia WANG Anna, TU Jiexia, WANG Hongzhou. (Department of Neurology,Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang 621000, china)
[Abstract] Objective: The objective of this study was to detect the changes of markers of nerve injury in patients with insomnia, and to provide new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of insomnia. Methods: A total sample of 104 insomniacs were divided into first visit group (n=66) and return visit group (n=38) based on their treatments, and 30 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. The levels of serum neurofilament heavy-chain (NfH), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) by three groups of subjects were detected. The correlation between the above markers of nerve injury and the parameters of subjects polysomnography (PSG) was analyzed. Results: NfH of first visit group was higher than that of return visit group, NSE of first visit group was higher than that of return visit group and that of control group, NfH and S100B of first visit group and return visit group were both higher than those of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in serum NSE levels between return visit group and control group (P>0.05). The sleep latency of first visit group was higher than that of return visit group, the sleep efficiency of first visit group was lower than that of return visit group and control group, the sleep latency of first visit group and return visit group were both higher than that of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the total sleep time, REM sleep time, REM%, N3 sleep time and N3% in the three groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that NfH was positively correlated with sleep latency, and NSE was negatively correlated with sleep efficiency (P<0.05). Conclusions: The serum levels of NfH, NSE and S100B were significantly increased in the patients with insomnia. After treatment, the serum NfH and NSE levels were significantly decreased, and the PSG parameters were improved. The markers of nerve injury were closely related to the changes in the patients conditions.endprint
[Key words] insomnia; neurofilament heavy-chain; neuron specific enolase; S100 calcium binding protein B
失眠可以是原發(fā)病亦可以是其他疾病的繼發(fā)癥狀[1]。失眠患者不僅可出現(xiàn)植物神經(jīng)紊亂、思維能力下降及負(fù)面情緒,還可發(fā)生定向障礙、共濟(jì)失調(diào)、幻覺、妄想等嚴(yán)重精神障礙,生活質(zhì)量受到影響[2]。既往研究認(rèn)為,免疫機(jī)能及炎癥反應(yīng)變化在失眠的發(fā)生發(fā)展中扮演了重要角色,而最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物與情緒狀態(tài)、精神障礙具有密切關(guān)聯(lián)[3]。此次研究選取神經(jīng)絲重鏈(NfH)、神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100鈣結(jié)合蛋白B(S100B),分析其水平變化與失眠的關(guān)系,旨在為失眠發(fā)生機(jī)制的探索提供新的思路。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
2015年1月至2017年1月參照新版國際睡眠障礙分類(ICSD-3)明確診斷[4]的104例失眠患者簽署知情同意書后入組。年齡18~65歲且病程≥6個(gè)月,排除入組前2個(gè)月內(nèi)有鎮(zhèn)靜、安眠藥物使用史者,按照其治療情況分為初診組(n=66)、復(fù)診組(n=38)。初診組:自確診至入組均未接受相關(guān)治療;復(fù)診組:確診后接受認(rèn)知行為和(或)抗抑郁治療,治療時(shí)間≥6個(gè)月。選取同期30名既往無失眠病史及失眠家族史的健康體檢者,納入對照組。
1.2 檢測方法
抽取三組受試者入組次日清晨空腹坐位肘靜脈血
5 mL,立即離心分離血清以避免神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物失活,將血清標(biāo)本保存于-80℃冰箱內(nèi),嚴(yán)禁反復(fù)凍融。使用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA法)檢測血清標(biāo)本內(nèi)NfH、NSE、S100B水平[5],試劑盒均購自武漢博士德生物科技有限公司。
1.3 分析方法
使用多導(dǎo)睡眠圖(PSG)[6]評(píng)價(jià)三組受試者客觀睡眠質(zhì)量,PSG通過監(jiān)測睡眠進(jìn)程、非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠(NREM)結(jié)構(gòu)、快速眼動(dòng)睡眠期(REM)結(jié)構(gòu),客觀判斷患者睡眠狀況[7],主要監(jiān)測睡眠潛伏期、睡眠效率等睡眠進(jìn)程;NREM1、2、3期(N1、N2、N3)的潛伏期及持續(xù)時(shí)間以及各期睡眠時(shí)間占總睡眠時(shí)間百分比(N1%、N2%、N3%);REM持續(xù)時(shí)間以及REM占總睡眠時(shí)間百分比(REM%)。比較三組受試者血清NfH、NSE、S100B水平,并運(yùn)用Pearson相關(guān)性分析,計(jì)算血清神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物水平與患者主客觀睡眠狀況指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
對本臨床研究的所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS20.0進(jìn)行分析,性別、文化程度以(n/%)表示,并采用χ2檢驗(yàn),年齡、BMI、PSQI評(píng)分、PSG參數(shù)等計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,并采用t檢驗(yàn)或F檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般臨床資料比較
三組受試者年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、性別、文化程度等一般臨床資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物水平
初診組NfH高于復(fù)診組,NSE高于其余2組,初診組、復(fù)診組NfH、S100B均高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),復(fù)診組與對照組血清NSE水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.3 客觀睡眠質(zhì)量
初診組睡眠潛伏期高于復(fù)診組,其睡眠效率低于復(fù)診組、對照組。初診組、復(fù)診組睡眠潛伏期高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),三組受試者總睡眠時(shí)間、REM期睡眠時(shí)間、REM%、N3期睡眠時(shí)間、N3%比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.4 相關(guān)性分析
Pearson相關(guān)性分析見表3,NfH與睡眠潛伏期呈正相關(guān),NSE與睡眠效率呈負(fù)正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。
3 討論
大量研究認(rèn)為,睡眠對于保護(hù)正常神經(jīng)功能具有重要意義,一方面,良好的睡眠能夠促進(jìn)體內(nèi)多種有毒代謝產(chǎn)物的清除,另一方面,失眠可造成活性氧產(chǎn)物增加,進(jìn)而引發(fā)神經(jīng)元損傷甚至凋亡[8-9]。因此,有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,失眠患者精神障礙等嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生與中樞神經(jīng)細(xì)胞損傷有關(guān)[10]。
此次研究選取NfH、NSE、S100B三種神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物進(jìn)行對照分析,結(jié)果顯示,初診失眠患者血清NfH、NSE、S100B水平均高于對照組,說明失眠患者神經(jīng)元及軸突存在明顯損傷,經(jīng)藥物與認(rèn)知治療后,患者血清NfH、NSE水平有所下降,說明上述治療方案在修復(fù)神經(jīng)元與軸突損傷方面具有一定作用,但患者S100B未見明顯變化,考慮與患者病程較長且膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞損傷明顯,短暫的治療難以完全修復(fù)神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞功能有關(guān)[11-12]。
在睡眠狀況的觀察中,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),失眠患者PSG參數(shù)以睡眠連續(xù)性中斷為主,并伴有慢波睡眠及REM睡眠時(shí)間減少改變,睡眠進(jìn)程的改變,使得患者睡眠時(shí)間減少且睡眠質(zhì)量下降,生活質(zhì)量受到嚴(yán)重影響[13]。因此,探討失眠患者神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物變化與睡眠狀況的相關(guān)性,對于指導(dǎo)臨床干預(yù)治療有著參考價(jià)值。
本研究相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果示,NfH與失眠患者睡眠潛伏期具有正相關(guān)性,即隨著患者血清NfH水平的上升,其睡眠潛伏期呈增加態(tài)勢,其機(jī)制可能為:作為髓鞘軸突中最重要的骨架成分,NfH主要存在于神經(jīng)元中,而中樞軸索損傷、神經(jīng)元結(jié)構(gòu)和功能嚴(yán)重破壞等病理生理改變均可導(dǎo)致NfH大量逸出并表現(xiàn)為血清水平升高,故這一變化可反映神經(jīng)末梢微結(jié)構(gòu)損害,也是影響睡眠狀況的重要因子[14-15]。
NSE是參與糖酵解的重要酶,特異性存在于大腦神經(jīng)元和神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞內(nèi),神經(jīng)元損傷或壞死時(shí),NSE可進(jìn)入腦脊液及血液,并表現(xiàn)為血清濃度上升[16]。此次研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著患者血清NSE水平的上升,其睡眠效率顯著下降,說明NSE與失眠患者神經(jīng)損傷程度有著密切關(guān)聯(lián)。S100B是神經(jīng)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞以自分泌和旁分泌形式分泌的一種鈣結(jié)合蛋白,對于中樞系統(tǒng)的作用存在兩面性,一方面可作為神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子和神經(jīng)活性蛋白在大腦的急慢性損傷中發(fā)揮保護(hù)作用,另一方面,過量S100B表達(dá)可加劇中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能障礙與炎癥反應(yīng)[17]。此次研究并未發(fā)現(xiàn)S100B與失眠患者睡眠狀況的相關(guān)性,故未能證實(shí)S100B在失眠進(jìn)程中主要發(fā)揮保護(hù)作用還是負(fù)面作用,但初診組、復(fù)診組血清S100B水平均高于對照組,說明S100B可能通過激活大腦小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞促使腦損傷及神經(jīng)障礙性疾病的發(fā)展[18],但其確切機(jī)制仍待進(jìn)一步探索。endprint
綜上所述,失眠患者血清NfH、NSE、S100B水平均明顯升高,經(jīng)短期治療后,患者血清NfH、NSE水平有所降低且睡眠潛伏期、睡眠效率明顯改善,說明神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物與患者病情變化具有密切關(guān)聯(lián)。在今后的科研工作中,尋求神經(jīng)損傷標(biāo)志物的靶向調(diào)節(jié)藥物,有望為失眠患者預(yù)后質(zhì)量的改善提供新的思路,值得進(jìn)一步關(guān)注。
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