孫艷云+郝偉
摘 要:隨著中國城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)進(jìn)程的加快,建筑垃圾的產(chǎn)量將越來越多,再生混凝土的應(yīng)用不僅能夠解決建筑廢棄物日益增多的難題,而且可以節(jié)約大量的砂石資源。為了對混凝土再生粗骨料質(zhì)量進(jìn)行排序和優(yōu)選,基于信息熵—未確知測度理論構(gòu)建了混凝土再生粗骨料質(zhì)量評價模型。根據(jù)《混凝土用再生骨料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》確定評價指標(biāo)體系和單指標(biāo)測度函數(shù);利用信息熵理論確定各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,依據(jù)各個指標(biāo)的樣本實測結(jié)果計算單指標(biāo)測度評價矩陣和多指標(biāo)測度評價向量;按照置信度識別準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行質(zhì)量等級評判并應(yīng)用實例分析檢驗該方法的有效性。結(jié)果表明,信息熵未確知測度理論不僅可以對單個樣本進(jìn)行質(zhì)量等級評價,還對評價結(jié)果處于同一級別內(nèi)的樣本質(zhì)量的好壞進(jìn)行排序。
關(guān)鍵詞:粗骨料;未確知測度理論;質(zhì)量評價;信息熵
中圖分類號:TU528
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號:1674-4764(2017)05-0087-06
Abstract:With the acceleration of Chinas urbanization drive, construction wastes are on the rise. The application of recycled coarse aggregate could reduce the increasing construction wastes and save abundant sand resources. In order to sort and optimize the quality of recycled coarse aggregate, the quality evaluation model of recycled coarse aggregate is established based on the information entropy theory. The evaluation index system and single-index measurement functions are determined on the basis of Recycled Coarse Aggregate for Concrete. The weights of these indices are obtained from the information entropy theory. The evaluation matrix of single-index measurement and multiple-index evaluation vector are calculated according to the field data. The quality grade is assessed with credible recognition criteria. An analysis instance is shown, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed model. The result shows that the information entropy and uncertainty measurement theory can be applied to quality evaluation of single sample and distinguish quality of the same grade.
Keywords:coarse aggregate; uncertainty measurement theory ; quality assessment; information entropy
隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)步伐的加快,產(chǎn)生的建筑垃圾越來越多,然而這些建筑垃圾并沒有得到再利用,大多數(shù)采取填埋或堆放的處理方式,這不僅浪費了土地資源,而且影響城市環(huán)境和衛(wèi)生質(zhì)量。從保護(hù)環(huán)境和節(jié)約資源的觀點出發(fā),再生混凝土粗骨料在建筑工程中的應(yīng)用受到人們越來越廣泛的關(guān)注[1-2]。再生混凝土粗骨料是綠色建材,不僅符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求,而且具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景,世界上許多發(fā)達(dá)國家和地區(qū)早已對利用舊混凝土生產(chǎn)再生混凝土粗骨料進(jìn)行了研究[3-8]。盡管中國對混凝土再生粗骨料的研究起步較晚,但許多高等院校和科研機(jī)構(gòu)在再生骨料方面做了很多的基礎(chǔ)研究工作,并獲得了大量的科研成果[9-13]。再生混凝土研究的一個重要方向就是再生混凝土骨料(recycled concrete aggregate, RCA)質(zhì)量等級的劃分與評判[14]。如何根據(jù)再生混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件所處環(huán)境與擬建工程類別選擇相應(yīng)等級的再生粗骨料成為一個重要的研究課題[15]。GB/T 25177—2010僅給出了微粉含量、泥塊含量、壓碎指標(biāo)、堅固性等單指標(biāo)評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而沒有對再生混凝土粗骨料的綜合質(zhì)量進(jìn)行等級劃分。筆者基于試驗得出各單指標(biāo)評價結(jié)果,運用信息熵確定各單項指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,利用未確知測度理論建立再生混凝土粗骨料質(zhì)量等級評價模型。
1 信息熵未確知測度理論
3.6 評價結(jié)果分析
從表3的評價結(jié)果,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),除M1的質(zhì)量等級為C2級外,其余4個樣本的評價結(jié)果相同都為C1級,而在C1級范圍內(nèi)M2、M3、M4、M5從好到壞的排序為:M3、M4、M2、M5。信息熵未確知測度理論不僅可以對單個樣本進(jìn)行質(zhì)量等級評價,而且,對同一等級范圍內(nèi)的樣本質(zhì)量優(yōu)劣進(jìn)行區(qū)分。
4 結(jié)論
1)對各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重應(yīng)用信息熵理論賦權(quán),避免了人為主觀因素的影響,使評價結(jié)果更具有科學(xué)性。
2)信息熵未確知測度理論通過用測度函數(shù)建立單指標(biāo)測度矩陣的方法克服了樣本位于同一評價等級范圍內(nèi)時難以區(qū)分其質(zhì)量優(yōu)劣的問題,使評價結(jié)果更加準(zhǔn)確。endprint
3)基于信息熵未確知測度理論,并參考中國混凝土用再生骨料標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建立再生混凝土粗骨料質(zhì)量評價模型,對多個樣本的質(zhì)量等級進(jìn)行評價和排序,可以在有限的條件下實現(xiàn)對再生混凝土粗骨料的科學(xué)利用,為資源的節(jié)約和合理使用提供了重要依據(jù)。
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(編輯 胡玲)endprint