劉慧
百余件雕塑、繪畫精品散發(fā)獨(dú)特藝術(shù)魅力
9月27日上午,由法國駐上??傤I(lǐng)事館、杭州市文化廣電新聞出版局共同主辦,杭州圖書館承辦的“杭州圖書館·歐洲藝術(shù)館”在市民中心杭州圖書館展覽藝術(shù)中心開幕。現(xiàn)場人頭攢動(dòng),人們與來自歐洲的藝術(shù)精品近距離接觸。
博物館,是人類文明的殿堂,延續(xù)著文化的脈絡(luò)。歐洲藝術(shù)館落戶杭州,可以讓我們不出國門,便能跨越時(shí)空欣賞歐洲藝術(shù)品。與此同時(shí),也彌補(bǔ)了中國博物館缺少世界級(jí)精品收藏的遺憾,彰顯了杭州這座城市的包容性。
出席開幕式的嘉賓。
歐洲藝術(shù)館位于杭州圖書館的地下一樓,展廳面積近3000平方米,分為“雕塑工作室”“古典主義或新古典主義”“人像”“從風(fēng)景畫到寫實(shí)主義”“讓·巴普蒂斯特·卡波的人像雕塑”“雕塑家及其影響”等展廳,共展出百余件歐洲18至19世紀(jì)的精美展品,包括雕塑、繪畫、琺瑯?biāo)囆g(shù)品等,全年免費(fèi)開放。
走進(jìn)展廳,一眼就看到了雕像《蒙面紗的女人》。它由意大利雕塑家朱塞佩·克羅夫雕刻,曾在1853年的國際工業(yè)博覽會(huì)上展出。據(jù)推斷,這尊雕塑的歷史比華盛頓美術(shù)館收藏的同類作品《蒙面紗的修女》更為久遠(yuǎn)。因?yàn)槠渌囆g(shù)價(jià)值極高,華盛頓美術(shù)館館長曾多次詢問“能否出讓這座雕像”。
藝術(shù)館中繪畫作品不多,但每一幅都是精品。在“人像”展廳的油畫《對(duì)話》中,18世紀(jì)的德·龐斯侯爵夫人坐在一把鍍金扶手椅上,迪爾福騎士和德·馬爾格里先生側(cè)身面左而立,身旁有一條西班牙獵犬。頭發(fā)卷曲的弧度、獵犬的毛發(fā)、手指的肌肉等細(xì)節(jié)都被畫了出來,令人仿佛置身其中。
曾獲得1883年威尼斯雙年展金獎(jiǎng)的油畫《爺爺和我》,色彩豐富、立體感強(qiáng),爺爺臉上的皺紋,被勾勒得栩栩如生。
“讓·巴普蒂斯特·卡波的人像雕塑”展廳的《漁童》無疑是卡波最著名的作品:一個(gè)年輕小男孩赤裸著身體蹲在地上,戴著漁民帽,手里拿著一個(gè)貝殼貼近耳邊,笑著聽著貝殼里的回聲,準(zhǔn)備再次起身奔跑。人物柔軟的肌肉、濃密的卷發(fā)和迷人的微笑躍然紙上,活靈活現(xiàn)。
卡波的弟子,就是傳統(tǒng)雕塑藝術(shù)的集大成者羅丹。在這里,還展出了羅丹的陶藝雕塑《多西亞》。羅丹年輕時(shí)的作品不多,這尊半身雕塑是他剛從事雕塑時(shí)的作品。
在歐洲藝術(shù)館,你還可以看到世界上最大的琺瑯盒子和世界上最大的青銅花瓶?,m瑯盒子高28.5厘米、長56厘米、深42.5厘米,由19世紀(jì)最偉大的琺瑯畫師查爾斯·勒貝克特別定制,見證了其贊助人阿爾弗雷德對(duì)妻子的愛慕與眷戀;青銅花瓶高240厘米,僅底座就高95厘米,盆飾帶有比利時(shí)雕塑家阿方斯·伯格特的簽名,曾在1885年安特衛(wèi)普美術(shù)國際博覽會(huì)上展出。
“只有機(jī)緣巧合,才能遇到好的作品,而能把合乎心意的作品加入自己的收藏并帶到中國,更是一件不容易的事。”
歐洲藝術(shù)館的大部分藏品,來自華裔收藏家吳靜。吳靜是出生于溫州的華裔女企業(yè)家,也是法國知名的古董鐘表收藏家和鑒賞家,收藏有大量古董鐘表,其中不少為歐洲國寶級(jí)藏品。
吳靜說,這里的很多展品,她都與盧浮宮、羅丹美術(shù)館、華盛頓美術(shù)館等博物館“爭”了很多年??梢哉f,藝術(shù)館中幾乎每一件展品背后,都藏著一個(gè)千回百轉(zhuǎn)的故事。
作為18世紀(jì)法國具有代表性的雕塑作品,《亨利四世》雕像落地中國,也歷經(jīng)了一番波折。當(dāng)時(shí),吳靜和盧浮宮都想買下這件作品,整整4年僵持不下。最終,這座雕像被吳靜收藏。盧浮宮館長馬丁內(nèi)茨在雕像出關(guān)前,特意跑去和雕像合影道別,他說:“為了這尊漢白玉雕像整整跑了4年,真的舍不得?!?p>
歐洲藝術(shù)館開幕式現(xiàn)場。
這樣的故事,還有很多。美國洛杉磯蓋蒂中心曾出高價(jià),希望收購“世界上最大的花瓶”;美國大都會(huì)博物館總監(jiān)在看到“世界上最大的琺瑯盒子”時(shí),對(duì)吳靜感慨:“我們找了幾百年都沒找到的琺瑯盒子,沒想到被你運(yùn)回了杭州?!?/p>
18世紀(jì)雕像《戴頭紗的女孩》的故事,令吳靜充滿感激與感動(dòng)?!罢蛊返脑魅?,是一位60多歲的歐洲先生。當(dāng)時(shí)有許多人找他,希望買下這件作品,但是都無法談攏。因?yàn)閷?shí)在太喜歡這件雕像,我忍不住致電表達(dá)愿望?!眳庆o說,這位先生得知她要在中國開一個(gè)歐洲藝術(shù)館時(shí),只問了她三個(gè)問題:你怎么看待這件作品?你規(guī)劃中的歐洲藝術(shù)館是什么樣子?你為什么要辦這樣一個(gè)博物館?
吳靜告訴他,第一眼看到《戴頭紗的女孩》就被她的美深深打動(dòng)。因此,希望能把這件作品帶到中國,讓更多人欣賞。而這也是她辦藝術(shù)館的目的所在——讓公益性的歐洲藝術(shù)館落地中國,讓更多人可以不出國門就欣賞到國外的藝術(shù)精品。
令吳靜感動(dòng)的是,這位先生在聽完她的一番話后,什么也沒說,只是拉開抽屜,從里面拿出一張發(fā)票給了吳靜,告訴她:“你想要買這座雕像,就按這個(gè)價(jià)格來吧。”那是一張30年前收購雕像時(shí)的價(jià)格單,吳靜拿著這張單子呆住了?!安桓蚁嘈拍敲炊嗳硕枷胍I走的雕像,收藏者居然以30年前的價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)讓給了我。”這位先生告訴吳靜:“我只希望為雕像找到一個(gè)真正愛它的人,而不是一個(gè)出價(jià)更高的人。你是愛它的,所以我愿意把它交給你?!?h3>藝展提升杭州國際化水平
從計(jì)劃開辦歐洲藝術(shù)館起,吳靜就遇到了很多像這位先生一樣支持她的人。因此,從設(shè)想到落地實(shí)施,選場地、挑藏品、布展,吳靜只用了一年左右的時(shí)間,就完成了旁人看來幾乎不可能完成的事情。endprint
吳靜說,她開辦歐洲藝術(shù)館的出發(fā)點(diǎn)很純粹,就是想讓國內(nèi)的博物館變得多元化,讓大家更方便地接觸歐洲文化。自己只是“文化的搬運(yùn)工”?;蛟S,正是她的不忘初心,簡單純粹,感染了身邊的人。
杭州圖書館館長褚樹青,聽完吳靜開辦歐洲藝術(shù)館的初衷后,立即將杭圖地下一層展廳的3年使用權(quán)交給吳靜,并且不收取任何費(fèi)用。褚樹青說:“圖書館不僅是閱讀的場所,也可以在這里聽講座、看展覽。歐洲藝術(shù)館的落成,是杭州圖書館多元化發(fā)展布局的體現(xiàn)。”
法國資深收藏家洛朗·凡利安,把祖輩150年的收藏轉(zhuǎn)讓給歐洲藝術(shù)館,還特意飛到杭州,當(dāng)了兩天義務(wù)的搬運(yùn)工和組裝工,事事親力親為。
世界權(quán)威博物館布展大師于貝·勒·加爾利用3天假期,飛到杭州幫助歐洲藝術(shù)館布展,遭遇杭州接連40℃以上的高溫天,于貝先生打趣道:“我這輩子和下輩子的汗都在杭州流完了?!钡谝惶旃ぷ鹘Y(jié)束,他的腳上已經(jīng)滿是水泡。
盧浮宮館長馬丁內(nèi)茨十分贊賞吳靜的行為,他認(rèn)為在杭州開設(shè)歐洲藝術(shù)館有利于東西方文化的交流,還表示要為歐洲藝術(shù)館圖錄寫序。
更讓吳靜感到欣喜的是,一些中國企業(yè)家也加入到這項(xiàng)公益事業(yè)中來。藝術(shù)館中的油畫《兩個(gè)牧羊人》就由企業(yè)家鄭聯(lián)軍捐贈(zèng)?!氨R浮宮不是一朝一夕就建成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的,很多藏品都是后來慢慢通過捐贈(zèng)而來的?!眳庆o告訴記者,“所以我有信心,這可以影響更多人,特別是一些有責(zé)任心的企業(yè)家,希望未來公益藝術(shù)館能開遍全國?!?/p>
開幕式上出現(xiàn)了許多國外知名博物館代表以及法國收藏家、藝術(shù)家的身影。包括盧浮宮博物館宣傳教育部主任西里爾·瑪利·帕特里克、羅丹博物館副館長于格·艾爾潘、美國費(fèi)城藝術(shù)博物館總監(jiān)奧利維耶·于斯泰爾、法國建筑遺產(chǎn)博物館館長?,敿~埃爾·布雷翁、法國賽弗勒博物館館長克里斯蒂娜·吉爾嫚、法國資深藏家洛朗·凡利安等。他們都表達(dá)了對(duì)歐洲藝術(shù)館在杭州落成的支持和贊賞。
法國駐上??傤I(lǐng)事館文化參贊費(fèi)保羅表示:“歐洲藝術(shù)館的開幕體現(xiàn)了法國文化與中華文化的交流合作,感謝每一個(gè)為了歐洲藝術(shù)館而努力的人,是他們?cè)炀土怂囆g(shù)館的誕生。”在現(xiàn)場,費(fèi)保羅先生還帶來了法國總理的賀信,信中提到:“祝賀中國第一個(gè)展示西方古老藝術(shù)的公益藝術(shù)館開幕,祝賀擁有悠久歷史文化名城的杭州?!?/p>
“文化是相通的,中國博物館需要世界各地的精品收藏,以彰顯大國風(fēng)范?!贝舜?,吳靜把歐洲藝術(shù)館開在杭州,將歐洲的珍貴藝術(shù)作品搬到杭州,正是文化交流合作的有益嘗試,同時(shí)也給杭州新添了一張文化金名片。對(duì)此,褚樹青說,歐洲藝術(shù)館的落成,有利于杭州國際化水平的提升。未來,杭州乃至全國各地的藝術(shù)愛好者都能有更多機(jī)會(huì)欣賞到國外的藝術(shù)精品。
European Art Museum Set up in Hangzhou
By Liu Hui
On the morning of September 27, 2017, a ceremony was held at the art center of Hangzhou Library to unveil European Art Museum. The ceremony was jointly sponsored by French Consulate in Shanghai and Hangzhou Culture, Radio, TV and Press Administration. Paul Freches, a consul of cultural affairs with the French Consulate in Shanghai, spoke at the ceremony and read a letter of congratulation by French Premier. Among the guests at the ceremony were representatives of some museums across the world and European art experts and collectors.
With an exhibition floor space of about 3,000 square meters, the museum occupies the first underground floor of the library. The museum features artworks mostly in the collection of Wu Jing, a Chinese collector based in France. Most of the exhibits are from the womans art collection.
Wu is from a family of entrepreneurs in Wenzhou, a port city in southeastern part of Zhejiang. She is now well known in France for her collection of antique clocks and watches, and art works. Wu Jing comments that she competed with heavyweight museums such as the Louvre, Rodin Art Museum and Washington Art Museum for years for some exhibits.
Every piece in her collection tells a story.
, a statue created in the 18th-century France, came into her collection after she and the Louvre had competed for good four years. When it eventually came into her possession, Jean-Luc Martinez, director of the Louvre Museum, posed for a picture with the famed statue of white marble before it left for China.endprint
The Getty Center in Los Angeles went all out to bid for the worlds biggest bronze vase against Wu Jing, but Wu Jing laughed the last laugh. Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York wanted to put its hands on the worlds biggest enamel box, but lost it to Wu Jing. Wu Jing learned that the American institution had long since wanted it.
A statue called on display at the museum came from a European collector. Many collectors had eyed the treasure sculpture. Wu visited the owner and asked him to let her have the beloved statue. After learning the Wu wanted to start up a museum of European art in China, he asked Wu three questions: whats your take of the masterpiece? What does the museum looks like? And why do you desire to set up such a museum?
Wu replied that she fell for the beauty of the statue at first sight, that she wanted to take it to China so that more people can appreciate it. She said that she wanted to set up a museum in China simply because she wanted more Chinese people to enjoy seeing art masterpieces from overseas without going abroad. After hearing the explanation, the owner showed her an invoice dated 30 years before and said he would sell for the price on the invoice, much to Wus astonishment. He would let Wu have it simply because she really loved it.
When she was making preparations for setting up the museum back in China, she ran into many warm-hearted people who really helped her. It took her about a year to translate the idea into reality. Some European collectors and exhibition experts flew to Hangzhou to help her out with the museum affairs. She received help in deciding upon a site, in selection exhibits, and in arranging the exhibits on display. It was like a mission impossible.
After giving a good listen to Wus pitch, Zhu Shuqing, director of Hangzhou Library, said without hesitation that the library would like to give her a three-year use of the first underground floor of the library for the museum. Zhu emphasized, “A library offers more than a reading space. A library also hosts lectures and exhibitions. The Museum of European Art on the site signifies the librarys desire to diversify.”
Many Chinese entrepreneurs helped Wu Jings nonprofit public project, which has made Wu happy. , an oil painting on display at the museum, comes from the collection of Zheng Lianjun, a businessman.
“The Louvre Museum hasnt become what it is overnight. Many of its exhibits have come from private collectors over a long time,” commented Wu Jing. “That is why I am confident that this project will influence the public in general and businesspeople in particular. I hope China has more such nonprofit public art museums.”endprint