姚鵬,劉潔,楊惠婷
(1.蘇州大學(xué)附屬理想眼科醫(yī)院,江蘇蘇州215000;2.牡丹江醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬紅旗醫(yī)院,黑龍江牡丹江157011)
曲伏前列素滴眼液治療原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼49例療效觀察
姚鵬1,劉潔2,楊惠婷1
(1.蘇州大學(xué)附屬理想眼科醫(yī)院,江蘇蘇州215000;2.牡丹江醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬紅旗醫(yī)院,黑龍江牡丹江157011)
目的探討曲伏前列素滴眼液治療原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼的療效。方法選擇醫(yī)院2016年1月至2017年1月收治的原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼患者98例,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各49例。對(duì)照組采用噻嗎洛爾滴眼液治療,早晚各給藥1次,每次1滴;觀察組采用曲伏前列素滴眼液治療,晚上給藥1次,每次1滴。均治療8周。結(jié)果觀察組治療總有效率為95.92%,明顯高于對(duì)照組的79.59%(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組心動(dòng)過(guò)緩、眼部刺痛各3例,眼表燒灼痛、一過(guò)性頭暈各2例,總發(fā)生率為20.41%;觀察組僅有2例結(jié)膜充血,發(fā)生率為4.08%,明顯低于對(duì)照組的20.41%(P<0.05);觀察組患者眼壓恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、自覺(jué)癥狀消失時(shí)間均明顯短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);治療前和治療2,4周兩組眼壓水平無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05),治療8周觀察組眼壓水平顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論曲伏前列素滴眼液治療原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼療效確切,可有效降低眼壓,改善臨床癥狀,縮短療程,不良反應(yīng)少,安全性較高。
曲伏前列素滴眼液;原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼;臨床療效
原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼是常見(jiàn)眼病,致盲性高,以視神經(jīng)損傷為主要病理變化。研究顯示,原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)因素在于高眼壓,故治療主要在于降眼壓,以有效維持患者視功能[1-2]。曲伏前列素滴眼液的主要成分為曲伏前列素游離酸,是一種選擇性的FP前列腺素類(lèi)受體激動(dòng)劑。據(jù)報(bào)道,F(xiàn)P前列腺素類(lèi)受體激動(dòng)劑可通過(guò)增加葡萄膜鞏膜通路房水外流的機(jī)制來(lái)降低眼壓,但至今尚未清楚其準(zhǔn)確的作用機(jī)制。本研究中探討了曲伏前列素滴眼液治療原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼的療效?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):均符合原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);眼壓不超過(guò)35mmHg;無(wú)角膜炎或葡萄膜炎等眼部活動(dòng)性疾病。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):對(duì)本研究藥物過(guò)敏或過(guò)敏體質(zhì);合并角膜炎或葡萄膜炎等眼部活動(dòng)性疾?。徊慌浜现委?。
病例選擇與分組:選擇門(mén)診2016年1月至2017年1月原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼患者98例,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各49例。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。詳見(jiàn)表1。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較(n=49)
對(duì)照組采用馬來(lái)酸噻嗎洛爾滴眼液(江蘇遠(yuǎn)恒藥業(yè)有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H32020534,規(guī)格為每支12.5mg∶5mL)進(jìn)行治療,早晚各給藥1次,每次1滴;觀察組采用曲伏前列素滴眼液[Alcon Laboratories(UK)Ltd.國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20130813,規(guī)格為每支2.5 mL∶0.1 mg]治療,晚上給藥1次,每次1滴。兩組患者均治療8周。
觀察并比較兩組患者眼壓恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、自覺(jué)癥狀消失時(shí)間和原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼治療總有效率、不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率,并比較治療前及治療2,4,8周的眼壓水平。顯效:眼壓恢復(fù)正常水平,患者無(wú)自覺(jué)癥狀,治療過(guò)程未出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng);有效:眼壓降低,患者存在輕微自覺(jué)癥狀;無(wú)效:不滿足上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)??傆行В斤@效+有效[3]。同時(shí),觀察眼部刺痛、心動(dòng)過(guò)緩、一過(guò)性頭暈、結(jié)膜充血等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理,計(jì)量資料行t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料行χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2至表4。治療過(guò)程中,對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)心動(dòng)過(guò)緩、眼部刺痛各3例,眼表燒灼痛、一過(guò)性頭暈各2例,總發(fā)生率為20.41%(10/49);觀察組僅有2例結(jié)膜充血,發(fā)生率4.08%(2/49),明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。
表2 兩組患者眼壓恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、自覺(jué)癥狀消失時(shí)間比較(s,周,n=49)
表2 兩組患者眼壓恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、自覺(jué)癥狀消失時(shí)間比較(s,周,n=49)
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表3 兩組患者臨床療效比較[例(%),n=49]
表4 兩組患者眼壓水平變化比較(s,mmHg,n=49)
表4 兩組患者眼壓水平變化比較(s,mmHg,n=49)
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原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼為常見(jiàn)的致盲性疾病。目前,臨床對(duì)原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全清楚,多認(rèn)為在長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)高眼壓下容易引發(fā)視神經(jīng)萎縮、視野缺損和視力喪失,因此,治療關(guān)鍵在于選擇合適的降壓藥物。原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼常用降眼壓藥物有碳酸酐酶抑制劑、腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑等[4-5]。近年來(lái),原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼治療中各種新型藥物不斷出現(xiàn),也為原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼治療提供了新方法。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明曲伏前列素滴眼液治療原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼療效顯著。前列腺素屬脂類(lèi)藥物前體,經(jīng)眼吸收后,通過(guò)角膜水解酶,其可轉(zhuǎn)化成酸性物質(zhì),促使房水經(jīng)葡萄膜-鞏膜流出,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)眼壓水平的降低[6-9]。曲伏前列素是前列腺素F-2a的類(lèi)似物,屬前列腺素受體選擇性激動(dòng)劑,也是異丙酯的前體,可通過(guò)高度選擇前列腺素受體,滴眼后穿過(guò)角膜,進(jìn)入眼內(nèi),可將位于小梁網(wǎng)細(xì)胞和睫狀肌細(xì)胞中前列腺素受體激活,促進(jìn)基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶合成,并對(duì)睫狀肌細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)成分進(jìn)行有效分解,將肌間隙擴(kuò)大,促進(jìn)葡萄糖至鞏膜房水外流途徑阻力的降低,并對(duì)小梁網(wǎng)細(xì)胞進(jìn)行作用,促進(jìn)壓力敏感性途徑房水外流。采用曲伏前列素滴眼液治療原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼,僅需每天1次用藥即可有效降低眼壓,維持療效[10-13]。
對(duì)照組治療過(guò)程中不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為20.41%,觀察組為4.08%,說(shuō)明曲伏前列素滴眼液的安全性高于噻嗎洛爾滴眼液。杜彩霞[14]的研究顯示,噻嗎洛爾滴眼液藥品不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為35.29%,與曲伏前列素滴眼液的29.22%比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),和本研究結(jié)果有差異,這可能和患者的個(gè)體差異、治療時(shí)間等因素相關(guān)。另外,觀察組患者眼壓恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、自覺(jué)癥狀消失時(shí)間均明顯短于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明曲伏前列素滴眼液可在更短時(shí)間內(nèi)改善病情,縮短病程,減輕痛苦。
本研究中,治療8周后,觀察組眼壓水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明曲伏前列素滴眼液具有良好的降眼壓作用,與文獻(xiàn)[14-15]的結(jié)論相一致,證實(shí)了曲伏前列素滴眼液的降眼壓效果良好,這可能和曲伏前列素游離酸的作用機(jī)制相關(guān),其為一種選擇性的FP前列腺素類(lèi)受體激動(dòng)劑,可通過(guò)增加葡萄膜鞏膜通路房水外流的機(jī)制來(lái)降低眼壓。
綜上所述,曲伏前列素滴眼液治療原發(fā)性開(kāi)角型青光眼療效確切,可有效降低眼壓,并改善臨床癥狀,縮短療程,不良反應(yīng)少,安全性較高,值得推廣。
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Clinical Observation Travoprost Eye Drops for Treating Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in 49 Cases
Yao Peng1,Liu Jie2,Yang Huiting1
(1.Department of Ophthalmology,Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu,China215000;2.Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University,Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang,China157011)
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Travoprost Eye Drops for treating primary open-angle glaucoma.M ethods Totally 98 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma from January 2016 to January 2017 in our hospital were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method.The control group was given Timolol Eye Drops,1 time each morning and evening,1 drop each time.The observation group was given Travoprost Eye Drops,1 time in the evening,1 drop each time.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.92%,which was significantly higher than 79.59%of the control group(P<0.05).The control group had 3 cases of bradyarrhythmia,2 cases of stabbing pain on eyes,3 cases of burning pain on the ocular surface,2 cases of transient dizziness,the incidence rate was 20.41%,only 2 cases of conjunctival congestion in the observation group,the incidence rate was 4.08%,which was significantly lower than 20.41%of the control group(P<0.05).The time of recov-ery to normal pressure and the disappearance time of conscious symptoms of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure(IOP)level between the two groups before treatment,2 weeks after treatment and 4 weeks after treatment(P>0.05),after 8 weeks of treatment,the IOP level of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Travoprost Eye Drops is effective in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma,it can effectively reduce IOP level,improve clinical symptoms,shorten the course of treatment with less adverse reactions and high safety.
Travoprost Eye Drops;primary open-angle glaucoma;clinical effect
R969.4;R988.1
A
1006-4931(2017)21-0066-03
10.3969/j.issn.1006-4931.2017.21.024
姚鵬(1982-),男,博士研究生,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向?yàn)檠劭?、青光眼白?nèi)障眼底病,(電子信箱)249635160@qq.com。
楊惠婷(1982-),女,博士研究生,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向?yàn)檠劭?,(電子信箱?2538732@qq.com。
2017-07-16)