王娓秀閔翠蘭胡諜燕
(南昌市洪都中醫(yī)院門(mén)診部,江西 南昌 330000)
中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)預(yù)防宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留的效果分析
王娓秀1閔翠蘭2胡諜燕3
(南昌市洪都中醫(yī)院門(mén)診部,江西 南昌 330000)
目的 分析中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)預(yù)防宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留的效果。方法 將2016年1月—2017年1月160例宮頸癌手術(shù)治療患者根據(jù)數(shù)字隨機(jī)表法分2組各80例。常規(guī)干預(yù)組實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),中醫(yī)干預(yù)組在常規(guī)干預(yù)組基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)。比較2組宮頸癌手術(shù)護(hù)理滿意度;宮頸癌術(shù)后第1次排尿時(shí)間、排尿完全恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、膀胱殘余尿量(第1次拔除導(dǎo)尿管后)、導(dǎo)尿時(shí)間;干預(yù)前后患者焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分;宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留發(fā)生率。結(jié)果 中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌手術(shù)護(hù)理滿意度高于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05;中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌術(shù)后第1次排尿時(shí)間、排尿完全恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、膀胱殘余尿量(第1次拔除導(dǎo)尿管后)、導(dǎo)尿時(shí)間低于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05;干預(yù)前2組焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分相近,P>0.05;護(hù)理后中醫(yī)干預(yù)組焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分優(yōu)于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05。中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留發(fā)生率顯著低于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05。結(jié)論 中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)預(yù)防宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留的效果確切,可減輕患者焦慮情緒和機(jī)體疼痛水平,加速術(shù)后排尿,促使排尿恢復(fù)正常,減少膀胱殘余尿量、導(dǎo)尿時(shí)間,提高患者對(duì)護(hù)理服務(wù)的滿意度,值得推廣。
中醫(yī)護(hù)理;宮頸癌術(shù);尿潴留;癃閉
宮頸癌屬于婦科常見(jiàn)惡性腫瘤,常用手術(shù)進(jìn)行治療,但因手術(shù)治療切除范圍廣,術(shù)后容易出現(xiàn)各種各樣的并發(fā)癥,不利于患者術(shù)后康復(fù),其中以尿潴留為常見(jiàn)。為了有效預(yù)防宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留的發(fā)生,需加強(qiáng)其發(fā)生原因的分析并采取合理方法進(jìn)行預(yù)防[1-2]。本研究分析了中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)預(yù)防宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留的效果,報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料 將2016年1月—2017年1月160例宮頸癌手術(shù)治療患者根據(jù)數(shù)字隨機(jī)表法分2組各80例。中醫(yī)干預(yù)組年齡25~65歲,平均 (37.13±5.26)歲;其中,Ib分期40例,IIa分期25例,IIb分期15例;腫瘤病理鱗癌40例、腺癌29例、腺鱗癌11例。常規(guī)干預(yù)組年齡24~65歲,平均 (37.26±5.78)歲;其中,Ib分期41例,IIa分期25例,IIb分期14例;腫瘤病理鱗癌39例、腺癌29例、腺鱗癌12例。2組一般資料比較無(wú)顯著差異,P>0.05,有可比性。
1.2 護(hù)理方法 常規(guī)干預(yù)組實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),常規(guī)對(duì)患者進(jìn)行心理疏導(dǎo)和術(shù)前床上排尿訓(xùn)練。中醫(yī)干預(yù)組在常規(guī)干預(yù)組基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)。(1)耳穴壓豆護(hù)理。術(shù)后1 h取三焦、膀胱、腎,用操作棒試探敏感區(qū)域,以患者熱脹感或脹痛感為度,常規(guī)消毒耳廓之后,在所選擇的穴位上,用王不留行籽膠布貼上,一邊帖一邊進(jìn)行按摩,每次1~2 min,0.5 h按壓1次。(2) 貼敷穴位。術(shù)后1~2 h取氣海和關(guān)元2個(gè)穴位,囑咐患者仰臥,常規(guī)消毒后,將當(dāng)歸、芍藥、川芎、桃仁、紅花、木香、熟地黃、附片、枳殼各10 g研磨成為粉末并加蜂蜜或姜汁攪拌貼敷在穴位上。(3)中藥封包敷腹。用香附、川芎、烏藥、芍藥、紅藤、牡丹皮各15 g研磨成為藥包,浸濕蒸熱0.5 h后使用[3]。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 比較2組宮頸癌手術(shù)護(hù)理滿意度;宮頸癌術(shù)后第1次排尿時(shí)間、排尿完全恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、膀胱殘余尿量(第1次拔除導(dǎo)尿管后)、導(dǎo)尿時(shí)間;干預(yù)前后患者焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分;宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留發(fā)生率。護(hù)理滿意度為非常滿意、比較滿意、不滿意3個(gè)選項(xiàng),滿意度是非常滿意率和比較滿意率之和。疼痛評(píng)分采用VAS評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。
1.4 尿潴留診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 患者術(shù)后回病房,護(hù)理人員每1 h巡視1次,并在術(shù)后4 h詢問(wèn)患者是否有尿意。若患者有急迫尿意,但無(wú)法自行排出,且按壓膀胱區(qū)膨隆可產(chǎn)生尿意,叩診膀胱區(qū)有濁音,則為尿潴留[4]。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理方法 數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)SPSS 16.0軟件統(tǒng)計(jì),計(jì)量資料、計(jì)數(shù)資料分別進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn)和χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05代表差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)。
2.1 2組宮頸癌手術(shù)護(hù)理滿意度相比較 中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌手術(shù)護(hù)理滿意度高于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 2組宮頸癌手術(shù)護(hù)理滿意度比較 [例(%)]
2.2 干預(yù)前后焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分相比較 干預(yù)前2組焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分相近,P>0.05;護(hù)理后中醫(yī)干預(yù)組焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分優(yōu)于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05。見(jiàn)表2。
表2 干預(yù)前后焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分比較 (x±s)
2.3 排尿情況比較 2組宮頸癌術(shù)后第1次排尿時(shí)間、排尿完全恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、膀胱殘余尿量(第1次拔除導(dǎo)尿管后)、導(dǎo)尿時(shí)間相比較。中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌術(shù)后第1次排尿時(shí)間、排尿完全恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、膀胱殘余尿量(第1次拔除導(dǎo)尿管后)、導(dǎo)尿時(shí)間低于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05,見(jiàn)表3。
表3 2組宮頸癌術(shù)后第1次排尿時(shí)間、排尿完全恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、膀胱殘余尿量(第1次拔除導(dǎo)尿管后)、導(dǎo)尿時(shí)間比較 (x±s)
2.4 2組宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留發(fā)生率比較 中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留發(fā)生率顯著低于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05。見(jiàn)表4。
表4 2組宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留發(fā)生率比較 [例(%)]
宮頸癌術(shù)后患者尿潴留發(fā)生原因跟患者過(guò)度緊張、機(jī)體因素和護(hù)理操作因素、手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷等相關(guān),常規(guī)護(hù)理多為加強(qiáng)對(duì)患者的心理疏導(dǎo),減輕其精神高度緊張狀態(tài),以有效緩解膀胱緊張,促進(jìn)膀胱功能改善,加速患者排尿恢復(fù),確?;颊咦孕信拍騕5-6];還可通過(guò)止痛藥物應(yīng)用等方式減輕術(shù)后切口疼痛護(hù)理,達(dá)到減輕自主排尿抑制以及改善患者膀胱張力,有效預(yù)防潴留發(fā)生的目的。但西醫(yī)干預(yù)效果欠佳[7-8]。本研究中,常規(guī)干預(yù)組實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),中醫(yī)干預(yù)組在常規(guī)干預(yù)組基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)。結(jié)果顯示,中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌手術(shù)護(hù)理滿意度高于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05;中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌術(shù)后第1次排尿時(shí)間、排尿完全恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間、膀胱殘余尿量(第1次拔除導(dǎo)尿管后)、導(dǎo)尿時(shí)間低于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05;干預(yù)前2組焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分相近,P>0.05;護(hù)理后中醫(yī)干預(yù)組焦慮情緒評(píng)分、疼痛評(píng)分優(yōu)于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05。中醫(yī)干預(yù)組宮頸癌術(shù)后尿潴留發(fā)生率顯著低于常規(guī)干預(yù)組,P<0.05。
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Analysis on the Effect of TCM Nursing Intervention on Preventing Urinary Retention after Cervical Cancer Operation
WANG Weixiu,MIN Cuilan,HU Dieyan
(Outpatient Department,Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330000,China)
Objective To analyze the effect of TCM nursing intervention on preventing urinary retention after cervical cancer operation.Methods From January 2016 to January 2017,160 cases of cervical cancer surgery patients were divided into two groups according to the digital random table,with 80 cases in each group.The routine intervention group was given routine nursing intervention,and the TCM intervention group was given traditional Chinese medicine nursing intervention on the basis of routine intervention.The cervical cancer surgery nursing satisfaction,the first postoperative voiding time,voiding completely recovered,bladder residual urine volume (for the first time after removal of the catheter,catheterization time),patients with anxiety score,pain score before and after the intervention of cervical cancer,postoperative urinary retention rate was compared.Results The nursing satisfaction of the TCM intervention group was higher than that of the routine intervention group P<0.05.The first micturition time,the micturition returned to normal after the operation of the cervical cancer,the residual urine volume of the bladder (after the catheter was removed for the first time),the catheterization time of the TCM intervention group was lower than that of the routine intervention group P<0.05.Before intervention,the anxiety score and pain score of the two groups was similar P>0.05.After intervention,the anxiety score and pain score of the TCM intervention group was better than that of the routine intervention group P<0.05.The incidence of urinary retention after operation of cervical cancer in the TCM intervention group was significantly lower than that in the routine intervention group P<0.05.Conclusion TCM nursing intervention for preventing urinary retention after cervical cancer operation has exact effect,can reduce patient anxiety and pain of body level,accelerate postoperative urination,promote urination recovery,reduce the amount of residual urine,catheterization time,improve the patient to nursing service satisfaction,and is worthy of promotion.
traditional Chinese medicine nursing;postoperative cervical cancer;urinary retention;uroschesis
10.3969/j.issn.1672-2779.2017.19.057
1672-2779(2017)-19-0130-02
2017-06-06)
中國(guó)中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育2017年19期