康傳桂

在做題的過程中，有些題目看起來似曾相識，輕而易舉就可選出“正確答案”，結果往往發(fā)現(xiàn)自己錯了。這就是我們所說的“陷阱題”。它們看似簡單，實則不易解答。出題者往往設下“陷阱”，讓考生用固定的思維考慮，導致其誤選答案。它具有較強的引誘力，較大的迷惑性和較好的隱蔽性。因此備受出題者青睞，就2017年，高考試卷中就有這種類型的試題出現(xiàn)?？忌撛趺磻獙δ兀慨斈阌龅竭@種題時，既不可“輕易下手”，也不可不知所措。其實是有竅門可言的。首先，你要認真審題，發(fā)現(xiàn)“陷阱”。要靈活地運用語法規(guī)則，理順思路，尋找“陷阱”。其次，要多向思維，分析“陷阱”。不要用習慣的、單一的、片面的思維去解題。再者，要去偽存真，識別“陷阱”。要抓住基本知識點及特殊現(xiàn)象，不厭其煩地歸納理解，認清選擇題目中的“魚目”及“珍珠”，避免落入“陷阱”。最后就是要加強驗證，跳出“陷阱”。要有良好的檢查驗證習慣，掌握驗證的方法，即使落入了“陷阱”，也能在驗證過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)“陷阱”，迅速地跳出來。

請先看2017年江蘇高考英語的部分試題：

21. Many Chinese brands， ______ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.

A. having developed B. being developed

C. developed D. developing

【題干含義】 享有數(shù)百年聲譽的中國品牌在當今市場上正面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)。

【出題意圖】 本題重點考查非謂語動詞的用法。判斷好主被動和時間先后關系，是解題關鍵。

【詳細解析】 非謂語動詞放在單項選擇第一題考查，這還是頭一次。初看上去develop與brand是動賓關系，好像選B；但實際上，非謂語動詞與邏輯主語是主動關系，又根據(jù)over centuries判斷，表示完成概念。故正確答案應該選擇A。

22. ______ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were B. Were it

C. It was D. Was it

【題干含義】 要不是有老師的支持，該學生是無法克服自己的困難的。

【出題意圖】 本題考查虛擬語氣用法。這里要判斷it和謂語was或were，以及用的是倒裝句是本題解題關鍵。

【詳細解析】 本題考查虛擬語氣省去if的倒裝現(xiàn)象且與現(xiàn)在事實相反的倒裝，省去if則需將was 還是were提到句首？初步看上去是選D，但實際上正確答案應該選擇B。

24. The publication of Great Expectations， which ______ both widely reviewed and highly praised， strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

【題干含義】 《遠大前程》的出版獲得了廣泛認可和高度贊揚，這鞏固了狄更斯作為前沿小說家的地位。

【出題意圖】 關鍵是找準本題主語publication，而不是Great Expectations及確定時態(tài)。

【詳細解析】 本題是對主謂一致的考查。找準本題的主語The publication，加之陳述的又是過去的事實，所以正確答案選擇C。

26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20， half of ______ it used to charge.

A. that B. which

C. what D. how

【題干含義】 我們選擇這家賓館是因為它一晚的價格降到了20美元，這是它家過去要價一晚一半的價錢。

【出題意圖】 該題陷阱是名詞性從句缺少賓語時用什么關系詞。

【詳細解析】 因名詞性從句中少賓語，只能用what， 就是what既作介詞of賓語，又做charge的賓語。所以正確答案選擇C。

27. He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ______ .

A. was being followed B. was following

C. had been followed D. followed

【題干含義】 他趕緊回家，頭也不回看一下自己是否正在被人跟蹤。

【出題意圖】 既考時態(tài)又考語態(tài)。容易顧此失彼。

【詳細解析】 根據(jù)句意表示“被跟蹤”，所以排除B和D，又根據(jù)hurried，所以正確答案選擇A。

28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme， one of ______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A. which B. it's

C. whose D. whom

【題干含義】 1963年，聯(lián)合國建立世界糧食計劃署，其目的之一就是為了緩解世界范圍的饑餓問題。

【出題意圖】 考查三種從句中的定語從句，本題用whose還是whom，好多學生肯定很糾結。endprint

【詳細解析】 本題從句中關鍵詞whose，表所屬關系，所以正確答案選擇C。

31. He's been informed that he ______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.

A. hasn't qualified B. hadn't qualified

C. doesn't qualify D. wasn't qualifying

【題干含義】 他被告知由于他的學術背景，他沒能獲得獎學金。

【出題意圖】 此題很容易選D。

【詳細解析】 本題考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。結合has been informed為現(xiàn)在完成時，對橫線處造成影響，因此選擇A。

35. —Going to watch the Women's Volleyball Match on Wednesday？

—______！ Will you go with me？

A. You there B. You bet

C. You got me D. You know better

【題干含義】 ——星期三去看女排比賽嗎？ ——當然！你和我一起去嗎？

【出題意圖】 語境題最容易錯，要多積累。

【詳細解析】 本題考查情景交際，選項意思分別為：A. You there你在這兒呀（打招呼）；B. You bet沒錯；當然；C. You got me你難住我了；你明白我的意思；D. You know better 你明知道不該做或你知道的更多。因此選B。

趁熱打鐵

1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could ______ a good college.

A. enter B. to enter

C. entering D. entered

2. All her time ______ experiments， she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier， ______ it more difficult.

A. not make B. not to make

C. not making D. do not make

4. Remind me ______ the medicine tomorrow.

A. of taking B. taking

C. to take D. take

5. Once your business becomes international， ______ constantly will be part of your life.

A. you fly B. your flight

C. flight D. flying

6. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also should pay more attention ______ your work well.

A. to work； to do B. to working； to doing

C. to work； to doing D. to working； to do

7. Both of my parents insisted ______ a computer for me， but I don't think it is necessary.

A. to buy B. buying

C. on buying D. in buying

8. —Do you have anything more ______ ， sir？

—No. You can have a rest or do something else.

A. typing B. to be typed

C. typed D. to type

9. She took her son， ran out of the house， ______ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor's office.

A. put B. to put

C. putting D. having put

10. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of______ the work well.

A. be； to do B. was； doing

C. be； doing D. was； to do

11. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.

A. carried out B. carrying out

C. carry out D. to carry out

12. ______ the road round to the right and you'll find his house.

A. Follow B. Following

C. To follow D. Followed

13. The factory was built in a secret place， around ______ high mountains.

A. which was B. it was

C. which were D. them were

14. ______ is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As

C. That D. What

15. It was not such a good dinner______ she had promised us.

A. like B. that

C. which D. as

信息反饋

1—5 BBBCD 6—10 BCBAA 11—15 AACBDendprint