馬曉輝 張 新 游 云 蔣麗麗 趙 金 阿依古力·阿不力米提 聶占國(guó)#
石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院1(832000) 中國(guó)人民解放軍新疆軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院消化科2
APRI、FIB-4聯(lián)合對(duì)慢性乙型肝炎患者顯著肝纖維化的診斷價(jià)值*
馬曉輝1,2張 新2游 云2蔣麗麗2趙 金2阿依古力·阿不力米提2聶占國(guó)2#
石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院1(832000)中國(guó)人民解放軍新疆軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院消化科2
背景:APRI、FIB-4診斷慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纖維化程度的準(zhǔn)確性不高,尤其是對(duì)顯著肝纖維化(F≥2)。無創(chuàng)肝纖維化模型聯(lián)合診斷已成目前研究的熱點(diǎn),但APRI聯(lián)合FIB-4的診斷價(jià)值尚不明確。目的:探討APRI、FIB-4聯(lián)合對(duì)慢性乙型肝炎患者顯著肝纖維化的診斷價(jià)值。方法:選取2011年1月—2016年10月新疆軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院171例慢性乙型肝炎患者,檢測(cè)肝生化、血常規(guī),行肝穿刺活檢。計(jì)算APRI、FIB-4,繪制ROC曲線,確定APRI、FIB-4診斷顯著肝纖維化的臨界值,建立APRI和FIB-4聯(lián)合診斷的模式。結(jié)果:隨著肝纖維化程度的加重,APRI、FIB-4逐步升高,組間相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。APRI和FIB-4的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.812、0.770。FIB-4診斷顯著肝纖維化的敏感性優(yōu)于APRI。APRI聯(lián)合FIB-4診斷顯著肝纖維化的敏感性、特異性、陰性預(yù)測(cè)值、陽性預(yù)測(cè)值和準(zhǔn)確性均優(yōu)于兩者單獨(dú)使用,且模式二的診斷特異性、準(zhǔn)確性優(yōu)于模式一。結(jié)論:APRI、FIB-4聯(lián)合可提高顯著肝纖維化的診斷準(zhǔn)確性。
APRI; FIB-4; 乙型肝炎, 慢性; 肝硬化; 診斷
Correspondenceto: NIE Zhanguo, Email: niezg@sina.com
Background: The diagnostic accuracy of APRI and FIB-4 for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B is not high, especially for significant liver fibrosis (F≥2). Noninvasive diagnosis for liver fibrosis has become a research hot spot; and the diagnostic value of APRI combined with FIB-4 is not clear.Aims: To investigate the diagnostic value of APRI combined with FIB-4 for significant liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods: A total of 171 patients with chronic hepatitis B from January 2011 to October 2016 at General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region were enrolled. Liver biochemical indices, routine blood test and liver biopsy pathology were performed. APRI and FIB-4 were calculated, ROC curve was drawn, and cutoff value of APRI and FIB-4 for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis was determined, and mode of APRI combined with FIB-4 for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis was established.Results: With the increase in degree of liver fibrosis, APRI and FIB-4 were gradually increased (P<0.05). Area under ROC curve (AUC) for APRI and FIB-4 were 0.812 and 0.770, respectively. The sensitivity of FIB-4 for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis was higher than that of APRI. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of APRI combined with FIB-4 for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis were superior to APRI or FIB-4 used alone; and the specificity, accuracy of mode 2 were superior to mode 1.Conclusions: APRI combined with FIB-4 can increase the accuracy for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis.
KeywordsAPRI; FIB-4; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Liver Cirrhosis; Diagnosis
目前診斷肝纖維化的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”仍是肝活檢,但肝活檢為有創(chuàng)操作,存在取樣誤差、不同病理閱片者主觀偏倚等缺點(diǎn)[1-3]。因此,近年肝纖維化的無創(chuàng)診斷已成為研究熱點(diǎn),其中APRI、FIB-4應(yīng)用較為廣泛[4]。但有報(bào)道[5]認(rèn)為,APRI、FIB-4單獨(dú)使用診斷肝纖維化的準(zhǔn)確性不超過75%,誤診率和漏診率較高。目前關(guān)于APRI、FIB-4聯(lián)合應(yīng)用的報(bào)道較少見,本研究探討兩者聯(lián)合對(duì)慢性乙型肝炎患者顯著肝纖維化(F≥2)的診斷價(jià)值,旨在提高慢性乙型肝炎患者顯著肝纖維化的診斷準(zhǔn)確性。
一、研究對(duì)象
選取2011年1月—2016年10月新疆軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院消化科經(jīng)皮肝穿刺活檢確診的慢性乙型肝炎住院患者,診斷均符合2015年制定的《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》[4]標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①曾有抗病毒治療史;②排除其他病毒性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪肝、自身免疫性肝病、遺傳代謝性疾??;③檢查前7 d有飲酒史。本研究方案由新疆軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審批通過,入選者均取得知情同意。
二、研究方法
1. 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查:所有患者于入院當(dāng)天接受空腹肝生化全檢、血常規(guī)和凝血功能檢查,計(jì)算APRI、FIB-4。APRI=(AST/ULN)×100/PLT(109/L),F(xiàn)IB-4=(年齡×AST)/(PLT×ALT的平方根)。
2. 組織學(xué)檢查:取肝組織,長(zhǎng)度不少于0.9 cm,4%甲醛溶液浸泡并制成蠟片,行HE染色和Masson染色,于光學(xué)顯微鏡下進(jìn)行觀察,由經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的病理科醫(yī)師閱片。肝組織炎癥和纖維化程度按照Metavir評(píng)分[4]進(jìn)行評(píng)估。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
一、患者概況
研究期間共納入171例慢性乙型肝炎患者,其中男102例,女69例,平均年齡(42.8±11.3)歲; F0期患者21例(12.3%),F(xiàn)1期58例(33.9%),F(xiàn)2期55例(32.2%),F(xiàn)3期26例(15.2%),F(xiàn)4期11例(6.4%),顯著肝纖維化(F2~F4)92例(53.8%)。不同纖維化分期患者的性別、年齡和ALP相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而ALT、AST、GGT、PLT、INR、APRI、FIB-4相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表1)。
二、APRI、FIB-4診斷顯著肝纖維化的價(jià)值
APRI和FIB-4的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.812 (0.746~0.877)、0.770 (0.698~0.842)(圖1、圖2)。當(dāng)APRI界值為1.3時(shí),其診斷顯著肝纖維化的特異性較高(93.7%);而APRI界值為0.5,其敏感性較高(80.4%)。當(dāng)FIB-4界值為1.4時(shí),其特異性高于APRI界值為0.5的特異性,而敏感性高于APRI界值為1.3的敏感性(表2)。
三、APRI、FIB-4聯(lián)合診斷顯著肝纖維化的價(jià)值
聯(lián)合APRI、FIB-4創(chuàng)建了兩種診斷流程(圖3)。
表1 慢性乙型肝炎患者臨床指標(biāo)的比較
表2 APRI、FIB-4診斷顯著肝纖維化的價(jià)值
圖1 APRI診斷慢性乙型肝炎患者顯著肝纖維化的ROC曲線
圖2 FIB-4診斷慢性乙型肝炎患者顯著肝纖維化的ROC曲線
所有患者首先由APRI診斷,在模式一流程下,125例(73.1%)患者被FIB-4診斷;而模式二流程下,僅52例(30.4%)患者可被FIB-4診斷。兩種模式診斷顯著肝纖維化的敏感性分別為79.3%、72.8%,特異性分別為74.7%、88.6%,NPV分別為75.6%、73.7%,PPV分別為78.5%、88.2%,診斷準(zhǔn)確性分別為77.2%、80.1%。
APRI的F0~F1界值為0.5,F(xiàn)n.c界值為0.5~1.3,F(xiàn)≥2界值為1.3;FIB-4界值為1.4
圖3 APRI、FIB-4聯(lián)合的兩種診斷流程圖
肝纖維化是肝臟對(duì)抗各種原因所致肝實(shí)質(zhì)細(xì)胞破壞的自我修復(fù)過程,如進(jìn)一步發(fā)展就會(huì)導(dǎo)致肝硬化[6]。早期積極干預(yù)治療可逆轉(zhuǎn)肝纖維化的發(fā)展[7-8],減緩肝硬化的形成。目前肝穿刺活檢仍是診斷肝纖維化的主要方法,但其為有創(chuàng)檢查,不適合用于疾病的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)。因此,無創(chuàng)肝纖維化模型成為評(píng)估肝纖維化程度的重要參考指標(biāo),提高無創(chuàng)肝纖維化指標(biāo)(如APRI、FIB-4)在慢性乙型肝炎患者顯著肝纖維化診斷中的準(zhǔn)確性,對(duì)于指導(dǎo)臨床抗病毒治療具有重要意義。
常規(guī)評(píng)估肝功能的血清學(xué)指標(biāo)ALT、AST無法準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估肝纖維化嚴(yán)重程度,但由這些常規(guī)指標(biāo)計(jì)算出來的APRI、FIB-4評(píng)估肝纖維化程度,與肝組織活檢具有較好的一致性。劉京等[9]的研究結(jié)果顯示,APRI、FIB-4診斷慢性乙型肝炎肝纖維化與肝組織活檢具有良好的一致性,其Pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.418、0.589(P<0.01)。提示APRI、FIB-4可用于評(píng)估慢性乙型肝炎肝纖維化嚴(yán)重程度,與肝活檢具有較好的相關(guān)性。
進(jìn)一步分析顯示,F(xiàn)IB-4診斷顯著肝纖維化的AUC較APRI略低,分別為0.770(0.698~0.842)和0.812(0.746~0.877)。說明FIB-4、APRI診斷顯著肝纖維化的價(jià)值具有一定差異。但多項(xiàng)研究[10-12]結(jié)果顯示FIB-4和APRI診斷顯著肝纖維化的AUC無明顯差異,與本研究結(jié)果有一定差異。有報(bào)道稱,年齡對(duì)肝纖維化的診斷具有一定影響[10]。本組研究對(duì)象平均年齡(42.8±11.3)歲,年齡偏小可能導(dǎo)致本研究結(jié)果與上述研究存在一定差異。
Sebastiani等[13]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),聯(lián)合APRI、Forns指數(shù)和Fibrotest可提高丙型肝炎患者顯著肝纖維化的診斷率。本研究進(jìn)一步聯(lián)合APRI、FIB-4建立了兩種不同的診斷模式,并對(duì)顯著肝纖維化程度進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),結(jié)果顯示兩種模式均有較高的診斷價(jià)值,模式一的敏感性(79.3%對(duì)72.8%)、NPV(75.6%對(duì)73.7%)高于模式二,而特異性(74.7%對(duì)88.6%)、PPV(78.5%對(duì)88.2%)、診斷準(zhǔn)確性(77.2%對(duì)80.1%)低于模式二。綜合而言,第二種診斷流程對(duì)顯著肝纖維化排除和診斷具有較高的意義,不僅可診斷全部患者,而且可明顯提高顯著肝纖維化的診斷準(zhǔn)確性。APRI、FIB-4聯(lián)合的流程較兩指標(biāo)單獨(dú)使用稍顯復(fù)雜,但對(duì)顯著肝纖維化診斷準(zhǔn)確性明顯提高。但由于本研究納入患者樣本量較少,因此結(jié)論還需行大樣本、多中心研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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(2017-03-08收稿;2017-04-21修回)
DiagnosticValueofAPRICombinedWithFIB-4forSignificantLiverFibrosisinPatientsWithChronicHepatitisB
MAXiaohui1,2,ZHANGXin2,YOUYun2,JIANGLili2,ZHAOJin2,AYIGULI·Abulimiti2,NIEZhanguo2.
1ShiheziUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Shihezi,XinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion(832000);2DepartmentofGastroenterology,GeneralHospitalofXinjiangMilitaryRegionofChinesePLA,Urumqi
10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2017.09.007
新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金(2015211C237)
#本文通信作者,Email: niezg@sina.com