蘭新武++劉敏
摘 要: 連接器是電動(dòng)汽車故障發(fā)生概率最高的部件,為了確保電動(dòng)汽車的順利運(yùn)行,研究電動(dòng)汽車重載嵌入式連接器故障智能檢測(cè)技術(shù),具有重要意義。對(duì)連接器故障智能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的軟件結(jié)構(gòu)以及上位機(jī)和下位機(jī)的運(yùn)行結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析,詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)中的各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)檢測(cè)電路,對(duì)連接器的接觸不良、斷路以及瞬間斷路等故障進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè),驗(yàn)證研究的連接器故障智能檢測(cè)技術(shù)各項(xiàng)功能都較優(yōu),完成了故障的準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 電動(dòng)汽車重載; 嵌入式連接器; 故障智能檢測(cè); 檢測(cè)電路
中圖分類號(hào): TN948.2?34; TP359.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2017)18?0161?03
Research on intelligent detection technology of embedded connector fault
for electric vehicle heavy loading
LAN Xinwu1, LIU Min2
(1. Hunan Automobile Engineering Professional College, Zhuzhou 412001, China; 2. Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China)
Abstract: Connector is the component with highest failure probability of electric vehicle. In order to ensure the smooth running of electric vehicles, it is significant to study the intelligent detection technology of embedded connector fault for electric vehicle heavy loading. The software structure of connector fault intelligent detection system and operation structures of the upper machine and lower machine are analyzed. Various basic detection circuits of the detection system were designed in detail to detect the faults of connector poor contact, circuit disconnection and instantaneous circuit disconnection accurately. The experimental results verify that the functions of the connector fault intelligent detection technology are perfect, and the fault can be detected accurately.
Keywords: electric vehicle overloading; embedded connector; fault intelligent detection; detection circuit
電動(dòng)汽車成為當(dāng)前人們廣泛應(yīng)用的交通工具,其中的嵌入式連接器是故障發(fā)生概率最高的部件。連接器產(chǎn)生故障時(shí),連接器信號(hào)會(huì)出現(xiàn)顯著波動(dòng),干擾電動(dòng)汽車的順利運(yùn)行,并且連接器故障是電動(dòng)汽車數(shù)字通信線路質(zhì)量降低的重要因素[1]。因此,對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車連接器故障進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè),成為相關(guān)人員分析的熱點(diǎn)問題。
1 故障智能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)
1.1 軟件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
電動(dòng)汽車重載嵌入式連接器故障檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的軟件由上位機(jī)模塊和下位機(jī)模塊構(gòu)成。上位機(jī)采用PC機(jī),基于數(shù)據(jù)庫對(duì)檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果進(jìn)行采集和處理,采用通信接口對(duì)下位機(jī)進(jìn)行管理[2],設(shè)置相關(guān)的參數(shù)。下位機(jī)基于AT89552型單片機(jī),采用Keil C編程工具和PRoTEuS仿真工具實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的編寫以及硬件電路的仿真。連接器故障檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件結(jié)構(gòu)圖如圖1所示。
1.2 上位機(jī)和下位機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
上位機(jī)采用串口設(shè)置連接器故障檢測(cè)部件的阻值規(guī)范、瞬間斷路時(shí)間規(guī)范、進(jìn)行自檢等參數(shù)。上位機(jī)中的用戶權(quán)限驗(yàn)證模塊,實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶密碼登錄后,進(jìn)入工作主界面,完成全部的操作。如控制下位機(jī)完成自檢[3],通過數(shù)字方式和圖像方式呈現(xiàn)下位機(jī)反饋的故障檢測(cè)結(jié)果,采用數(shù)據(jù)庫存車故障檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),并對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行匯總和分析。
將下位機(jī)劃分成檢測(cè)單片機(jī)和輔助單片機(jī),結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2所示。輔助單片機(jī)僅對(duì)故障檢測(cè)電路的相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置[4],驅(qū)動(dòng)激振模塊。檢測(cè)單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)故障檢測(cè)相關(guān)的處理,采集故障檢測(cè)結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù),依據(jù)相應(yīng)規(guī)范將故障檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)反饋到上位機(jī)中進(jìn)行顯示。
2 連接器故障智能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)
2.1 系統(tǒng)單片機(jī)和電源模塊設(shè)計(jì)
電動(dòng)汽車重載嵌入式連接器故障智能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)采用低功耗的AT89552單片機(jī),其是一種高性能的CMOSS位微控制器,內(nèi)含可編程FLASH存儲(chǔ)器和8位CPU。系統(tǒng)向電路提供4種電壓的電源12 V,-12 V,
5 V和-5 V?!?2 V電壓給恒流源供電,5 V給基礎(chǔ)電路和單片機(jī)供電,-5 V是數(shù)/模變換的參考電壓。電源模塊通過電源變壓器將采集到的200 V交流電變換成交流18 V電壓,基于二極管的單向?qū)ㄐ酝瓿山祲航涣麟姷恼鞑僮鱗5],將其變換成低壓直流電。通過W78XX系列穩(wěn)壓芯片實(shí)施穩(wěn)壓控制,為電路供電。endprint