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康復(fù)護(hù)理結(jié)合心理干預(yù)對(duì)腦卒中患者中的應(yīng)用

2017-08-22 11:40東志遠(yuǎn)王玉龍
中國醫(yī)藥科學(xué) 2017年13期
關(guān)鍵詞:神經(jīng)功能缺損心理干預(yù)康復(fù)護(hù)理

東志遠(yuǎn)+王玉龍

[摘要] 目的 分析康復(fù)護(hù)理結(jié)合心理干預(yù)對(duì)腦卒中患者中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 選取我院收治的腦卒中患者166例,采取數(shù)字隨機(jī)法分成觀察組和對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組采取康復(fù)護(hù)理,觀察組在此基礎(chǔ)上,采取心理干預(yù),比較兩組護(hù)理方式應(yīng)用效果。結(jié)果 兩組護(hù)理4、8周Fugl-Meyer、FIM評(píng)分均高于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組護(hù)理8周Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分均高于護(hù)理4周,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理8周Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理4、8周FIM評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理4、8周神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分、Bathel指數(shù)均優(yōu)于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組護(hù)理4、8周神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分優(yōu)于護(hù)理前,護(hù)理8周Bathel指數(shù)優(yōu)于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組護(hù)理8周神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分、Bathel指數(shù)均優(yōu)于護(hù)理4周,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理8周神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分、Bathel指數(shù)均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組護(hù)理后SAS及SDS評(píng)分均低于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理后SAS及SDS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 康復(fù)護(hù)理結(jié)合心理干預(yù)對(duì)腦卒中患者十分有利,可明顯改善患者各項(xiàng)評(píng)分,是優(yōu)秀的護(hù)理方法。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 康復(fù)護(hù)理;心理干預(yù);腦卒中;神經(jīng)功能缺損

[中圖分類號(hào)] R473.74 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2017)13-81-04

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the effect of rehabilitation nursing combined with psychological intervention on patients with stroke. Methods 166 stroke patients in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. Patients in control group were treated with rehabilitation nursing, on the basis of this, patients in observation group were treated with application effect of psychological intervention. The application effect of the two nursing methods was compared. Results The Fugl-Meyer and FIM scores of the two groups were higher than those before nursing at the end of the 4 and 8 weeks, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The 8 groups of Fugl-Meyer score of the two groups were higher than those of nursing for 4 weeks, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The Fugl-Meyer score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group at 8 weeks, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The FIM score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group at 4 and 8 weeks, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The neurological deficit score and Bathel index of the observation group were better than those before nursing at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In the control group, the neurological deficit score of 4 and 8 weeks after treatment was better than that before nursing care, and the Bathel index was better than that before nursing at the end of the nursing for 8 weeks, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The neurological deficit score and Bathel index of two groups were better than those of nursing for 4 weeks, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The neurological deficit score and Bathel index of the observation group were better than those of the control group at 8 weeks, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the two groups were lower than those before nursing, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The rehabilitation nursing combined with psychological intervention for stroke patients is very beneficial. It can significantly improve the score of patients, is an excellent nursing method.

[Key words] Rehabilitation nursing; Psychological intervention; Stroke

腦卒中發(fā)病率和致殘率均較高,需要適宜的治療和臨床護(hù)理,在腦卒中康復(fù)護(hù)理的過程中,患者可能存在許多心態(tài)問題,影響患者的治療,因此除康復(fù)護(hù)理外,還需要對(duì)患者心理情況進(jìn)行干預(yù),而常規(guī)的護(hù)理方法并未針對(duì)患者心理進(jìn)行調(diào)整,因此難以收到較好的干預(yù)效果,在腦卒中的康復(fù)護(hù)理中,聯(lián)合專業(yè)的心理護(hù)理是具有可行性的一種改良護(hù)理方法[1-2]。本研究對(duì)康復(fù)護(hù)理結(jié)合心理干預(yù)對(duì)腦卒中患者中的應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行觀察,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

我院自2015年4月~2016年11月收治的腦卒中患者166例,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):自愿簽署知情同意書者,可配合護(hù)理者,年齡<80歲者;排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):惡性腫瘤者,精神疾病者,合并心、腦、腎、肝等重要臟器疾病者;采取數(shù)字隨機(jī)法分成觀察組和對(duì)照組,觀察組83例,其中男45例,女38例,年齡在40~76歲,平均(56.8±5.7)歲,平均GCS評(píng)分(8.1±1.7)分,其中腦梗死67例,腦出血16例;對(duì)照組83例,其中男47例,女36例,年齡在39~75歲,平均(56.1±5.8)歲,平均GCS評(píng)分(8.3±1.4)分,其中腦梗死65例,腦出血18例;兩組患者一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 對(duì)照組 本組采取康復(fù)護(hù)理,密切監(jiān)測患者生命體征,根據(jù)患肢情況,給予對(duì)癥康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,指導(dǎo)患者完成康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,先從被動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)開始鍛煉,對(duì)患者進(jìn)行推拿按摩,幫助疏筋活血,由大關(guān)節(jié)至小關(guān)節(jié),幅度由小至大,待患者可簡單活動(dòng)后,指導(dǎo)患者練習(xí)在床上翻身,變換臥位及坐位,進(jìn)行簡單的日常生活訓(xùn)練,情況較好的患者,可訓(xùn)練下床站立,直至緩慢行走、正常行走。

1.2.2 觀察組 在康復(fù)護(hù)理基礎(chǔ)上,采取心理干預(yù),與患者溝通,了解患者的心理情況,為患者介紹腦卒中相關(guān)知識(shí),協(xié)助患者樹立信心,可選擇分散患者注意力的方式,緩解患者負(fù)面情緒,促使患者積極樂觀面對(duì)治療,配合治療?;颊咝睦碡?fù)面情緒若過度嚴(yán)重,需幫助患者進(jìn)行心理放松,可選擇適合患者的放松方式進(jìn)行,例如聽音樂、聊天、看電影等不同的娛樂方式進(jìn)行放松。對(duì)心理負(fù)面情緒嚴(yán)重的患者,可以進(jìn)行一對(duì)一心理疏導(dǎo),給予有針對(duì)性的心理輔導(dǎo)。與患者家屬溝通,得到患者家屬的配合,共同關(guān)心患者心理狀況,給予關(guān)心及支持,同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)患者配合治療。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)

采取Fugl-Meyer量表進(jìn)行患肢運(yùn)動(dòng)功能評(píng)定[3],采取FIM量表進(jìn)行功能獨(dú)立能力評(píng)定,采取腦血管病會(huì)議修訂的腦卒中患者臨床神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分進(jìn)行神經(jīng)功能評(píng)定,采取Bathel進(jìn)行日常生活能力評(píng)定,采取抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)、焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS)對(duì)抑郁及焦慮情況進(jìn)行評(píng)定[4-5]。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

數(shù)據(jù)采用專業(yè)SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析處理。計(jì)數(shù)資料用率(%)表示,計(jì)量資料以()表示,組間t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組不同時(shí)間運(yùn)動(dòng)功能力、功能獨(dú)立能力評(píng)分

兩組護(hù)理4、8周Fugl-Meyer、FIM評(píng)分均高于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組護(hù)理8周Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分均高于護(hù)理4周,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理8周Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理4、8周FIM評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。

2.2 兩組不同時(shí)間神經(jīng)功能缺損及日常生活能力評(píng)分

觀察組組護(hù)理4、8周神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分、Bathel指數(shù)均優(yōu)于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組護(hù)理4、8周神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分優(yōu)于護(hù)理前,護(hù)理8周Bathel指數(shù)優(yōu)于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組護(hù)理8周神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分、Bathel指數(shù)均優(yōu)于護(hù)理4周,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理8周神經(jīng)功能缺損評(píng)分、Bathel指數(shù)均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。

2.3 兩組護(hù)理前、護(hù)理后SAS及SDS評(píng)分

兩組護(hù)理后SAS及SDS評(píng)分均低于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理后SAS及SDS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

3 討論

腦卒中是常見于老年人中的危險(xiǎn)疾病,癥狀嚴(yán)重,治療難度大,患者有較高的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而經(jīng)過搶救后,患者也可能因?yàn)樯窠?jīng)功能損害,而出現(xiàn)殘疾,對(duì)生活造成不便,給家庭帶來負(fù)擔(dān),因此除了適宜的搶救方法外,在腦卒中的康復(fù)期進(jìn)行精心的康復(fù)護(hù)理十分重要[6]。多方研究表明[7-8],早期的康復(fù)護(hù)理對(duì)腦卒中患者效果非常好,大部分患者經(jīng)過精心的康復(fù)護(hù)理神經(jīng)功能均可得到有效的改善,顯著降低致殘率。康復(fù)護(hù)理需要循序漸進(jìn),由按摩、理療等手段開始,直到患者情況好轉(zhuǎn),進(jìn)行坐臥訓(xùn)練,行走訓(xùn)練等。而在實(shí)際工作中,康復(fù)護(hù)理并非對(duì)所有患者生效,影響康復(fù)護(hù)理效果的因素很多,而患者心理是較為重要的影響因素,因此需要有針對(duì)性的進(jìn)行臨床護(hù)理[9-10]。

心理干預(yù)是目前較為熱門并且先進(jìn)的護(hù)理方法,其目的是在常規(guī)護(hù)理的基礎(chǔ)上,注重患者身心的護(hù)理,對(duì)患者不良情緒起到干預(yù)作用,對(duì)患者治療有所幫助[11]。而心理干預(yù)在腦卒中患者中應(yīng)用也較為常見,其和康復(fù)護(hù)理搭配使用,也可能對(duì)康復(fù)護(hù)理效果起到輔助作用。首先,在康復(fù)護(hù)理過程中,患者可能遇到許多心理問題[12-13]。一些患者突然患上腦卒中,生活能力缺失,經(jīng)過搶救仍然未能恢復(fù)正常行動(dòng)能力,因此心理擔(dān)心,焦躁不安,會(huì)影響康復(fù)護(hù)理效果。而一些患者在康復(fù)護(hù)理中表現(xiàn)的十分急切,反而對(duì)康復(fù)不利[14]。更為嚴(yán)重的是,許多患者還會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)訓(xùn)練絕望、自暴自棄的心理,消極訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)致康復(fù)訓(xùn)練效果大打折扣。以上的心理問題均可能對(duì)康復(fù)訓(xùn)練結(jié)果造成直接影響,并且可能會(huì)帶來其它問題[15-16]。而心理干預(yù)聯(lián)合康復(fù)護(hù)理使用,可有效的對(duì)患者心理進(jìn)行干預(yù),緩解患者的不良情緒,樹立患者的治療信心,教導(dǎo)患者以良好的心態(tài)面對(duì)訓(xùn)練,告訴患者康復(fù)是循序漸進(jìn)的過程,不可操之過急。并且護(hù)理人員在康復(fù)護(hù)理全程給予心理干預(yù),與患者溝通,對(duì)神經(jīng)功能產(chǎn)生刺激,可能對(duì)康復(fù)護(hù)理結(jié)果起到正面作用。本研究結(jié)果中顯示,觀察組患者焦慮抑郁評(píng)分較對(duì)照組更優(yōu)秀,心理護(hù)理可以確切的緩解患者的不良情緒,而觀察組患者運(yùn)動(dòng)功能評(píng)分明顯高于對(duì)照組,說明了觀察組的康復(fù)護(hù)理效果更好,心理干預(yù)對(duì)康復(fù)訓(xùn)練有促進(jìn)作用。同時(shí)觀察組的神經(jīng)功能以及日常生活能力也更高,進(jìn)一步說明了心理干預(yù)可通過調(diào)整患者心態(tài),使患者積極參加康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,達(dá)到提高訓(xùn)練效果的目的。

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(收稿日期:2017-03-06)

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