唐明+程智敏+陳敘生+向金友+謝冰+蔡毅+黃勝+楊蘋+楊懿德+楊洋+易蔓+饒在生
摘 要:針對宜賓煙區(qū)烤煙赤星病發(fā)生嚴重的問題,為篩選出對烤煙赤星病防治效果較好的化學藥劑和施藥時期,研究了不同藥劑和不同施藥時期對烤煙赤星病發(fā)生情況的影響。結果表明,10%多抗霉素對烤煙赤星病防治效果最好,40%菌核凈次之,50%氯溴異氰尿酸最差。施藥時期以旺長末期開始施藥效果最好,下部葉成熟期次之,團棵期最差。綜合考慮病情指數(shù)和產值,以10%多抗霉素(1 000倍液)在旺長末期開始施用(即處理2,A1B2)對烤煙赤星病的防治效果最好,烤煙單位產值最高,為45 753.75元·hm-2,比最低的處理10(A4B1)增值22.89%。
關鍵詞:烤煙;赤星??;殺菌劑;施藥時期;防治效果
中圖分類號:S435.72 文獻標識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.07.022
Fungicides of Controlling Alternaria alternata and Their Applying Time
TANG Ming1, CHENG Zhimin1, CHEN Xusheng1, XIANG Jinyou2, XIE Bing2,3, CAI Yi1, HUANG Sheng1, YANG Ping1, YANG Yide2, YANG Yang2, YI Man2, RAO Zaisheng2
(1. Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yibin, Sichuan 644600, China; 2. Yibin Tobacco Company, Yibin,Sichuan 644600, China;3. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China)
Abstract:In view of the serious problem of tobacco brown spot in Yibin tobacco-planting areas, for screening out the good fungicide and applying period to control Alternaria alternate, the effects of different fungicides and different application periods on the occurrence of A. alternate were studied. The results showed that the control effect of 10﹪ polyoxin was the best, followed by 40% dimetachlone, the 50﹪chloroisobromine cyanuric acid was the worst. The best period of beginning to apply fungicides at the late fast growing stage, followed by the mature stage of lower leaf, the rosette stage was the worst. Based on comprehensive consideration of the disease index and output value, the best effect against A. alternate was the 10﹪ polyoxin (1 000 times) applying at the late fast growing stage (treatment 2, A1B2), and the highest yield was 45 753.75 yuan·hm-2, which was 22.89﹪ higher than the lowest treatment 10 (A4B1).
Key words:flue-cured tobacco; Alternaria alternate; fungicides; applying time; control effects
煙草赤星病(Alternaria alternata)是煙草生產中對煙葉威脅最大的一種真菌性病害,具有潛育期短、流行速度快的特點[1-3]。在我國種煙?。▍^(qū))均有發(fā)生,以黑龍江、河南、山東、貴州、安徽、四川等省發(fā)生為害較重[4-5],易造成較重的經濟損失。宜賓是四川的重要烤煙產區(qū)之一,種植烤煙約0.53萬 hm2,其煙葉風格獨特,在主要卷煙品牌的主輔料中占有重要地位,對促進地方經濟發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻[6]。然而,地處高溫高濕的宜賓煙區(qū)烤煙赤星病發(fā)生嚴重,一般煙田病株率為20%~60%,重病田可達90%以上,致使煙葉產量降低、品質下降,嚴重制約著烤煙生產的發(fā)展[7]。目前,化學藥劑防治仍是最快速、最直接、最簡便也是最有效的防治赤星病的方法,若施藥時期與防治藥劑結合起來,將達到更有效、更理想的效果。為此,本試驗開展不同藥劑和不同施藥時期對烤煙赤星病防治的影響研究,旨在篩選出防治宜賓煙區(qū)赤星病的高效藥劑和最佳施藥時期。
1 材料和方法
1.1 試驗地點
試驗在興文縣大壩鄉(xiāng)沙壩村四組煙草科技園(海拔500 m)進行,選擇赤星病易發(fā)且土壤肥力均勻、地勢平坦、開闊向陽的地(田)塊。
1.2 試驗材料
供試藥劑:10%多抗霉素可濕性粉劑(陜西綠盾生物制品有限責任公司),40%菌核凈可濕性粉劑(浙江斯佩斯植保有限公司),60%唑醚·代森聯(lián)水分散粒劑[巴斯夫植物保護(江蘇)有限公司],50%氯溴異氰尿酸可濕性粉劑(河南銀田精細化工有限公司)。供試肥料:煙草專用復合肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=10∶15∶25),煙草專用追肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=12.5∶0∶22.5),硫酸鉀(K2O=50),硝酸鉀(N∶P2O5∶K2O=13.5∶0:44),過磷酸鈣(P2O5=12)。供試烤煙品系:宜煙11。