TO UNDERSTAND CHINA

中國–東盟“10+1”機(jī)制

中國—東盟“10+1”機(jī)制是中國與東南亞國家聯(lián)盟建立的合作機(jī)制。自1997年成立以來，雙方合作不斷擴(kuò)大與深化,現(xiàn)已發(fā)展成一個(gè)密切的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織，成為東亞區(qū)域合作的主要機(jī)制之一。1991年，中國與東盟開啟對話進(jìn)程，中國成為東盟的對話伙伴國。1997年，雙方舉行第一次“10+1”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議，宣布建立中國—東盟睦鄰互信伙伴關(guān)系。2010年1月，中國—東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)正式建成，這是雙方關(guān)系史上的重大事件，開啟了中國與東盟實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的進(jìn)程。自此，中國成為第一個(gè)加入《東南亞友好合作條約》和第一個(gè)同東盟建立戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系的域外大國，也是第一個(gè)同東盟建成自貿(mào)區(qū)的大國。為保障雙方合作的順利與成效，“10+1”機(jī)制確立了一套完整的對話與合作平臺，主要包括政府首腦會(huì)議、部長級會(huì)議和工作組會(huì)議。中國—東盟中心是推進(jìn)雙方合作的重要常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)。

CHINA-ASEAN (10+1) COOPERATION MECHANISM

Established in 1997, the China-ASEAN (10+1) Cooperation Mechanism has played an important role in promoting closer political and economic ties between China and ASEAN members, and has become one of the major forums for regional cooperation.

China-ASEAN dialogue was launched in 1991. The first China-ASEAN (10+1) summit was convened in 1997 and announced the formation of the China-ASEAN partnership of good-neighborliness and mutual trust. The China-ASEAN Free Trade Area was created in January 2010, representing a milestone in China-ASEAN bilateral relations and initiating the process of China-ASEAN economic integration. China was the first non-ASEAN country to join the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia and establish a strategic partnership with ASEAN, and the first major country to build a free trade area with ASEAN.

Necessary platforms for dialogue have been in place to ensure successful and effective bilateral cooperation, including the ASEAN-China Summit, ministerial meetings, and working group meetings. The ASEAN-China Center is a permanent body for promoting bilateral cooperation.

亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織

亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織是亞太地區(qū)層級最高、領(lǐng)域最廣、最具影響力的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作機(jī)制，現(xiàn)有21個(gè)成員，以及東盟秘書處、太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)合作理事會(huì)、太平洋島國論壇秘書處3個(gè)觀察員。1989年11月，澳大利亞、美國、日本、韓國、新西蘭、加拿大及當(dāng)時(shí)的東盟六國在澳大利亞首都堪培拉舉行亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織首屆部長級會(huì)議，標(biāo)志著亞太經(jīng)合組織的正式成立。作為經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇，亞太經(jīng)合組織主要討論與全球和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)的議題，如貿(mào)易和投資自由化、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化互聯(lián)互通、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)改革和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、全球多邊貿(mào)易體系、經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作和能力建設(shè)等，旨在維護(hù)本地區(qū)成員的共同利益，促進(jìn)成員間的經(jīng)濟(jì)相互依存，加強(qiáng)開放的多邊貿(mào)易體制，減少區(qū)域貿(mào)易和投資壁壘。亞太經(jīng)合組織共有5個(gè)層次的運(yùn)作機(jī)制：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議、部長級會(huì)議、高官會(huì)、委員會(huì)和工作組、秘書處。中國于2001年和2014年先后在上海和北京成功舉辦兩屆亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議，為促進(jìn)區(qū)域貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化、推動(dòng)全球和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長發(fā)揮了積極作用。

ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum is the highest-level mechanism for economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. With 21 member economies and three observers – ASEAN Secretariat, Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, and Pacific Islands Forum – it covers an extensive part of the world and wields significant influence. The forum was formally established in November 1989 at a ministerial meeting in the Australian capital of Canberra, attended by Australia, the US, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Canada, and the then six ASEAN countries.

As an economic forum, APEC focuses on global and regional economic issues such as trade and investment liberalization, regional economic integration, connectivity, economic structural reform and innovative development, global multilateral trade systems, economic and technological cooperation, and capacity building. Its primary goal is to safeguard the common interests of its member economies in Asia-Pacific, increase their economic interdependence, create an open multilateral trade system, and reduce regional trade and investment barriers.

APEC operates at five institutional levels: meetings of economic leaders, ministerial meetings, meetings of senior officials, committees and working groups, and the Secretariat. China hosted the 2001 and 2014 APEC economic leaders meetings in Shanghai and in Beijing respectively, and has played an active role in promoting free and open regional trade and investment and stimulating regional and global economic growth.