蔣金柱++熊鑫++郭名靜++馮國利
摘要:針對(duì)牛鞭效應(yīng)帶來供應(yīng)鏈負(fù)面波動(dòng)影響的問題,提出了基于信息共享策略的供應(yīng)鏈定價(jià)決策模型。通過構(gòu)建針對(duì)不同信息共享策略中零售集團(tuán)和上游供應(yīng)商的最優(yōu)定價(jià)決策方案,比較分析了庫存因素對(duì)供應(yīng)商收益的影響,優(yōu)化了最優(yōu)定價(jià)決策模型,并給出了零售集團(tuán)、供應(yīng)商和聯(lián)盟整體收益最大化下的信息成本的控制范圍。文章結(jié)果表明,零售商和供應(yīng)商決策者必須綜合考慮共享需求信息成本和供應(yīng)商的庫存費(fèi)用成本,才有依據(jù)進(jìn)一步權(quán)衡不同信息共享措施的優(yōu)劣,以實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙贏”的供應(yīng)鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體優(yōu)化目標(biāo)。
Abstract: Aimed at the problem in negative swings in the supply chain with the bullwhip effect, this paper puts forward the pricing decision model of supply chain based on information sharing strategies. By building for retail group, and the upstream supplier's olyptimal pricing decision scheme during different information sharing strategies, the impact of inventory on supplier returns is comparatively analyzed, the optimal pricing decision model is optimized, and gives the retail group, suppliers and alliance under the overall revenue maximization of information cost control. The results show that policy makers of retailers and suppliers must be taken into account the cost of sharing demand information and the cost of the supplier inventory costs, then have the basis to further weigh the merits of different information sharing measures to achieve "win-win" in the overall supply chain network optimization target.
關(guān)鍵詞:供應(yīng)鏈;牛鞭效應(yīng);博弈模型;信息共享
Key words: supply-chain;bullwhip effect;game model;information sharing
中圖分類號(hào):F224 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-4311(2017)08-0069-03
0 引言
在供應(yīng)鏈中,下游微小的市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)都有可能造成上游制造商制造計(jì)劃的極大不確定性,即牛鞭效應(yīng),這是供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)理性參與人各自效用最大化的博弈結(jié)果[1]。牛鞭效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因比較多,比如預(yù)計(jì)供應(yīng)量小于銷售商實(shí)際的總需求量,限量供應(yīng)之下導(dǎo)致銷售商之間的博弈;批量訂貨方式和市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的上下波動(dòng);供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)部信息不對(duì)稱,造成供需信號(hào)偏差等[2]。為了控制牛鞭效應(yīng)的負(fù)面影響,有必要按照市場(chǎng)要求科學(xué)地協(xié)調(diào)供應(yīng)鏈中的上、下游企業(yè)的行為,而協(xié)調(diào)方法已成為目前學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域和商業(yè)領(lǐng)域共同關(guān)注的一項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)課題。