周曉燕 應(yīng)長江 王珊珊 宋遠(yuǎn)見
【摘要】 目的:觀察竹葉黃酮(bamboo leaf flavone)對(duì)糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知功能障礙的影響及其相關(guān)機(jī)制的研究。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠高糖高脂喂養(yǎng)4周后,采用鏈脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)一次性腹腔注射(50 mg/kg)誘導(dǎo)大鼠Ⅱ糖尿病模型。造模成功的36只大鼠隨機(jī)分為三組:模型組(DM組)、模型+給藥組(DM+BLF組)、模型+溶劑對(duì)照組(DM+CO組),每組12只。同時(shí),隨機(jī)選取12只同月齡正常的大鼠作為對(duì)照組(CON組)。給藥12周后,通過水迷宮(morris water maze,MWM)測試,觀察竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知障礙的影響;采用尼氏染色法觀察竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠海馬神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的影響;同時(shí)應(yīng)用免疫印跡(weatern-blot,WB)法檢測竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠海馬區(qū)白介素-6 (interleukin-6,IL-6),環(huán)氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和腫瘤壞死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)等炎癥因子表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果:竹葉黃酮可以減輕糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知功能障礙,保護(hù)海馬區(qū)神經(jīng)元,抑制糖尿病大鼠海馬區(qū)炎癥因子IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α的蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)論:竹葉黃酮降低海馬神經(jīng)元損傷,抑制大鼠腦海馬的炎癥反應(yīng)改善糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知功能障礙。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 竹葉黃酮; 糖尿病大鼠; 認(rèn)知障礙; 海馬; 炎癥
Bamboo Leaf Flavone Alleviates Cognitive Deficit Through Inhibiting Inflammation in Hippocampus in Diabetic Rats/ZHOU Xiao-yan,YING Chang-jiang,WANG Shan-shan,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(35):021-023
【Abstract】 Objective:To study the effect of Bamboo Leaf Flavone on cognitive deficit in diabetic rats and the relevant mechanism.Method:A total of 40 male SD rats were fed with high glucose and high fat diet for 4 weeks,then rats were received a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin(STZ,50 mg/kg) to induced diabetic mice.36 rats who were successful model were divided into three groups:DM group,DM+BLF group and DM+CO group,12 rats in each group.Meanwhile,12 age-match rat were selected as CON group.After Bamboo Leaf Flavone were treated with 12 weeks,Morris water maze(MWM) was used to evaluated the effect of Bamboo Leaf Flavone on the cognitive deficits in diabetic rats.Nissls staining was used to detected the implication of Bamboo Leaf Flavone in hippocampal neuronal damage in diabetic rats.Moreover,we used WB method to tested the expression of Interleukin-6(IL-6),Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in hippocampus of each group.Result:Bamboo Leaf Flavone could ameliorate cognitive deficit,reduce the hippocampus neuronal damage and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors in diabetic rats.Conclusion:Bamboo Leaf Flavone alleviate cognitive deficit and protect hippocampal neuron in diabetic rats through inhibiting inflammation.
【Key words】 Bamboo Leaf Flavone; Diabetic rats; Cognitive deficit; Hippocampal neuron; Inflammation
First-authors address:Laboratory of Morphology,Xuzhou Medical University,Xuzhou 221004,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.35.005
糖尿病腦病是糖尿病的慢性并發(fā)癥之一,表現(xiàn)為患者空間記憶和學(xué)習(xí)能力損傷,與高糖誘發(fā)的腦神經(jīng)損傷和炎癥相關(guān)[1]。海馬區(qū)神經(jīng)元損傷和炎癥反應(yīng)與糖尿病腦病認(rèn)知障礙緊密相關(guān),減輕海馬神經(jīng)元損傷和抑制海馬區(qū)炎癥反應(yīng)可緩解糖尿病引起的認(rèn)知功能障礙[2]。
竹葉黃酮來源于竹葉酚性部位的一種中草藥,具有多重生物功能,可以降低血糖和血脂、抗氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)、清除氧自由基、改善老年癡呆動(dòng)物模型的認(rèn)知障礙等作用[3-6]。關(guān)于其是否能夠緩解糖尿病的認(rèn)知障礙及其相關(guān)機(jī)制的研究,目前鮮有報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知障礙的影響,對(duì)其機(jī)制進(jìn)行初步探討,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)藥物和試劑 竹葉黃酮購自鄭州荔諾生物科技有限公司;鏈脲佐菌素(Streptozocin,STZ)購自美國Sigma公司;尼氏染色劑購自中杉金橋生物有限公司;IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α抗體購自Abcom生物試劑有限公司。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物造模和分組 大鼠高糖高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)4周,禁食16 h后,一次性腹腔注射STZ 55 mg/kg,72 h后尾靜脈采血檢測動(dòng)物隨機(jī)血糖,高于或等于16.7 mmol/L表示造模成功[7]。將造模成功的36只糖尿病大鼠隨機(jī)分為糖尿病對(duì)照組(DM組),糖尿病模型+給藥組(DM+BLF組);糖尿病模型+溶劑對(duì)照組(DM +CO組),每組12只大鼠。同時(shí)設(shè)定12只同月齡的正常大鼠為對(duì)照組(CON組)。
1.3 藥物處理 造模成功后,DM+BLF組大鼠每日給予100 mg/kg竹葉黃酮(按照100 mg/mL溶解于玉米油中)灌胃一次;DM+CO組大鼠每日給予相同體積的溶劑,給藥12周;CON組和DM組不作處理。
1.4 水迷宮訓(xùn)練和測試 根據(jù)Jiang等[7]的方法進(jìn)行操作。水迷宮訓(xùn)練為連續(xù)4 d,第5天撤走平臺(tái),大鼠從平臺(tái)所在象限的對(duì)側(cè)象限入水,記錄120 s內(nèi)動(dòng)物在平臺(tái)所在象限的時(shí)間和穿越第五象限的次數(shù)。
1.5 尼氏染色法 動(dòng)物麻醉后多聚甲醛灌注,快速取腦后固定24 h。切片機(jī)制成5 μm切片。0.1%尼氏染色劑37 ℃染色50 min,蘇木素復(fù)染,脫水后中性樹脂封片,觀察并計(jì)數(shù)各組大鼠海馬CA3區(qū)1 mm2區(qū)域中存活的細(xì)胞數(shù)。
1.6 WB法 取海馬凍存于液氮中備用。使用加樣緩沖液將各蛋白調(diào)整至相同濃度,進(jìn)行凝膠電泳。電泳后常規(guī)轉(zhuǎn)膜,入一抗過夜,次日洗滌后熒光二抗孵育2 h后掃描條帶。
1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 13.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn)。采用單因素方差分析法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知障礙的影響 與CON組(58.5±8.7)比較,DM組(24.5±6.9)在平臺(tái)所在象限時(shí)間百分比顯著增加;DM+BLF組(46.2±7.6)與DM組比較,大鼠于平臺(tái)所在象限時(shí)間百分比顯著減少,DM+CO組(26.2±5.8)與DM組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠海馬CA3區(qū)神經(jīng)元損傷的影響 DM組(96.0±9.4)CA3區(qū)神經(jīng)元存活率明顯低于CON組(189.0±11.2);與DM組比較,DM+BLF組(145.0±11.2)CA3區(qū)神經(jīng)元存活率明顯提高;DM+CO組與DM組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見圖1。
注:各組大鼠典型的尼氏染色圖片,a、c、e、g放大倍數(shù)為40倍,b、d、f、h放大倍數(shù)為400倍,右列是對(duì)應(yīng)左列圖中黑框區(qū)域的放大
2.3 竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠海馬區(qū)炎癥因子IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α表達(dá)的影響 DM組大鼠腦海馬區(qū)炎癥因子IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α的表達(dá)明顯高于CON組;與DM組比較,DM+BLF組大鼠海馬區(qū)炎癥因子的表達(dá)明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而DM+CO組與DM組比較,IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α的表達(dá)差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見圖2。
3 討論
高糖導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元損傷是糖尿病患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知障礙的主要原因,主要表現(xiàn)為空間記憶和學(xué)習(xí)能力的降低[8-10]。海馬區(qū)是學(xué)習(xí)記憶的功能區(qū)域,高糖刺激時(shí)極易發(fā)生損傷和功能障礙。糖尿病神經(jīng)元損傷及認(rèn)知障礙的發(fā)生發(fā)展與海馬區(qū)的炎癥反應(yīng)密切相關(guān)[11-13]。近年來關(guān)于其生物學(xué)活性的探索受到了國內(nèi)研究人員的廣泛關(guān)注。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),竹葉黃酮具有降血糖、抗炎、改善認(rèn)知障礙和抑郁等功能[3,5-6,14]。竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知功能障礙是否具有改善作用及其機(jī)制如何?目前尚未見報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)給予糖尿病大鼠竹葉黃酮灌胃治療,觀察竹葉黃酮對(duì)大鼠認(rèn)知功能障礙的影響,通過觀察海馬神經(jīng)損傷情況和海馬炎性因子的表達(dá)情況,對(duì)其相關(guān)機(jī)制作初步探討。
水迷宮測試時(shí)評(píng)估空間學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的常用方法[15],本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過水迷宮測試,評(píng)價(jià)大鼠認(rèn)知功能。本研究結(jié)果顯示,DM+BLF組大鼠在平臺(tái)所在象限的時(shí)間和穿過第五象限的次數(shù)明顯高于DM組,竹葉黃酮能夠改善糖尿病大鼠的認(rèn)知障礙。同時(shí),本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察竹葉黃酮對(duì)糖尿病大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元損傷的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示竹葉黃酮能夠提高糖尿病大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元的存活率,證明竹葉黃酮減輕糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知功能障礙與保護(hù)海馬神經(jīng)元損傷相關(guān)。此外,竹葉黃酮能夠抑制糖尿病大鼠海馬區(qū)炎癥因子IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α的高表達(dá)。
綜上所述,竹葉黃酮通過降低海馬神經(jīng)元損傷,抑制大鼠腦海馬區(qū)的炎癥反應(yīng),改善糖尿病大鼠認(rèn)知功能障礙。關(guān)于其涉及的準(zhǔn)確機(jī)制,將在以后的實(shí)驗(yàn)中繼續(xù)探討。
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(收稿日期:2016-08-16) (本文編輯:程旭然)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2016年35期